2006年国内浓硝酸市场分析

本文从国内外角度分析了浓硝酸的供需情况、市场消费情况,同时分析了国内浓硝酸价格及进出口情况.     

Corporate Governance in Mexico

This paper looks broadly at the theme of corporate governance in Mexico. It begins with a brief analysis of the historical corporate governance model in Mexico, including the governance structures, the banking and financial systems, ownership and control patterns, industrial policy, and industrial relations. The paper then examines how and why these various aspects of corporate governance have been changing with processes of economic liberalization currently under way. Finally, it analyzes the consequences of changes in the model of corporate governance for the country's development (e.g. increased consumer goods for middle class consumers, increased disclosure by domestic corporations, less support for corporate social programs, etc.).     

The Mexican-Japanese-US Model for Auto Assembly in Northern Mexico

Abstract

The automobile stamping and assembly plant in Hermosillo, Mexico is world class in productivity and quality. We analyze the process of integrating the Mexican workforce with the Japanese-designed lean production system and the U.S. Fordist management to create a unique collaborative, cross-cultural hybrid organization model. In particular, we examine several cultural attributes of work that necessitated mutual adaptation and cooperation among the workers, and the state of labor relations, gender dynamics, and quality of work life. Finally, we pull together these factors to explore the short and long term implications of the plant as a model for developing countries.

Resumen

La planta de estampado y ensamblado de automóviles en Hermosillo, México es una operatión clase mundial en calidad y productividad. En este artículo estudiamos los procesos que lograron integrar una fuerza de trabajo mexicana, con un sistema de productión japonés altamente eficiente (lean production), y una administración estadounidense diseñada de acuerdo a los métodos tradicionales de fabricación de la compañía Ford, que hicieron posible un modelo colaborativo e intercultural de trabajo único en su clase. En particular, examinamos algunos factores culturales que requirieron especial adaptación como la cooperación entre los trabajadores, la adminisración de personal y las relaciones industriales, la interacción entre los trabajadores de ambos sexos y la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Finalmente, se consideran de manera conjunta todos estos factores, con el propósito de explorar las implicaciones de corto y largo plazo de la planta Hermosillo como un modelo potencial para paises en vías de desarrollo.

Resumo

A montadora de automóveis em Hermosillo, México, é mundialmente reconhecida por sua produtividade e qualidale. Nós analisamos o processo de intergração entre a força de trabalho mexicana, os eficientes métodos japoneses de sistema de produçãao e o estilo Fordista de gerência americana ao criar um modelo organizacional hibirdo colaborativo e inter-cultural único. Em particular, nós examinamos diversos atributos culturais do trabalho que necessitou de adaptação mútua e de colaboração entre os trabalhadores, como também o estado das relações de trabalho, a dinâmica entre os sexos e a qualidade da vida no trabalho. Finalmente, nós agregamos esses fatores para explorar as implicações de curto e de longo prazo do processo como um modelo para países em desenvolvimento.     

U.S. Organizations' Personnel Management in Mexico

Abstract

U.S. organizations are experiencing dramatic growth from the North American Free Trade Agreement. Companies that operate across the Mexican border must decide to either relocate currently employed personnel or to hire foreign nationals to staff positions. Since many cultural differences exist between the United States and Mexico, the use of “culture-pins,” or bicultural people who bridge value differences, may facilitate success in these operations. Consequently, this paper proposes that U.S. firms located in Mexico should recruit and retain Mexican Americans.

RESUMEN

Las corporaciones mexicanas y estadounidenses están creciendo dramáticamente como resultado directo del NAFTA. Las empresas que operan del otro lado de estas fronteras, debe decidir si desean trasladar a sus gerentes y trabajadores o contratar nacionales extranjeros para ocupar estos cargos. Este documento presupone que los iucomodines-culturalesl., o personas biculturales que pueden cruzar el puente de las diferencias culturales, son necesarios para asegurar el éxito de NAFTA y contribuir, brindando una inventaja competitivalc a las compañías participantes. La propuesta de este artículo es que las empresas estadounidenses que operan dentro de México se beneficiarían reclutando y entrenando mexicanos-norteamericanos para aumentar su fuerza de trabajo local.

RESUMO

As empresas mexicanas e americanas têm experimentado um crescimento diretamente relacionado à NAFTA. As empresas, que operam dentro destas fronteiras, devem decidir entre realocar os gerentes atuais contratados ou contratar estrangeiros para ocupar cargos disponíveis. Pretende-se, através deste estudo, mostrar que pessoas com ambas as culturas, capazes de superar as diferenças culturais, são essenciais para o sucesso da NAFTA e contribuem para a vantagem competitiva das empresas envolvidas. Este trabalho prop[otilde]e que as firmas americanas, atuando no México, seriam beneficiadas, se recrutassem e treinassem americanos, de origem mexicana, para aumentar a sua força de trabalho no México.     

An exploratory study of environmental attitudes and the willingness to pay for environmental certification in Mexico

This paper explores how environmental attitudes of consumers in Mexico influence their willingness to pay a premium (or, marginal WTP) for environmentally-certified products. In addition, we also challenge the theoretical assumption that the relationship between environmental attitudes and purchasing is linear. We test our hypotheses with an analysis of marginal WTP based on a survey of 301 Mexican consumers. Using conjoint analysis to determine marginal WTP, we find support for the idea that as attitudes become more pro-environmental, they more than proportionally boost marginal WTP. We conclude our paper by discussing implications for research and practice that focus on environmental segments of consumers.     

中国和墨西哥贸易关系的实证分析

本文通过对中国和墨西哥双方的经贸关系进行实证分析,探讨双方究竟在多大程度上存在着竞争关系,双方有无合作的可能性。主要结论是中国和墨西哥在某些领域存在着事实上的竞争关系,但是合作的前景也很广阔。     

中小企业应对市场需求和价格的经营战略系统基模分析

利用系统基模法对中小企业在经营过程中面临市场需求和价格两个主要问题,通过正负反馈环、成长极限基模和富者愈富基模的分析,得出中小企业要想在竞争中获胜,必须实施聚焦战略和差异化战略,根据市场需求,开发出相应的产品。     

Parental control: A study of U.S. subsidiaries in Mexico

This study develops a framework that suggests that subsidiary characteristics, such as performance, purpose and manager nationality affect the extent of control and mechanisms of control (i.e., results, cultural and action controls) that their parent companies exercise over them. Hypotheses were tested using survey responses from 44 Mexican subsidiary—U.S. parent dyads. As expected, results suggest that parental perceptions of subsidiary performance are inversely related to the extent of control that parent companies exercise over these subsidiaries. It was also found that subsidiaries established for purposes relating to a knowledge seeking motivation tended to be subject to more cultural control, but no support was found for the hypothesized relationships between market purpose and results control, and resource purpose and action control. Finally, also as predicted, Mexican managers tended to be subject to greater action control by their U.S. parent than American managers.     

论垄断性市场中厂商产品供给曲线的存在性

西方微观经济学一直认为,只有完全竞争市场上的厂商才有产品的供给曲线,而在其它任何具有垄断性的产品市场上的厂商则没有此曲线的存在。然而,这一结论是错误的。原因在于西方微观经济学对需求变化的错误理解,并由此进一步导致了西方经济学需求理论前后逻辑上的自相矛盾。按西方微观经济学需求理论的逻辑推导,垄断性的产品市场上的厂商也同样存在可以描述和定义的产品供给曲线。这一结论的存在为宏观总产品供给曲线的推导提供了微观基础。     

Learning Paths in the Management of Technological Capacity of National Firms in Mexico

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the experiences of large national firms in Mexico (Cemex, Hylsa and Vitro) over the last decade regarding their paths of learning process-sustained technological capability accumulation, which they have pursued in order to compete in world markets. The paper focuses on the relationship between paths of technological capability accumulation and the underlying learning processes, and it is supported by empirical evidence based on fieldwork. It suggests that the major recent changes that have taken place in Mexico have implied, for the firms analyzed, an outcome process of complex interplay amongst in-house skills and capabilities, a learning process of external knowledge acquisition, new market conditions, modes of technology transfer and other conditions.

RESUMEN. Este estudio examina las experiencias de grandes empresas nacionales mexicanas (Cemex, Hylsa y Vitro) a lo largo de la última década, y las medidas que adoptaron para aprender y acumular conocimientos sobre el proceso tecnológico sustentable, que les permitiese competir en el mercado global. El estudio analiza la relación que existe entre los caminos de la acumulación de capacitación tecnológica y el subyacente proceso de aprendizaje, apoyado en una evidencia empírica obtenida a través de una labor de campo. En ese contexto, se sugiere que los mayores cambios ocurridos recientemente en México han resultado, al menos para las empresas examinadas, de un complejo proceso de interacción entre las habilidades y capacidades existentes dentro de la compañía, el proceso de adquisición externa de conocimiento, las nuevas condiciones de mercado, los métodos de transferencia tecnológica y otras condiciones.

RESUMO. O presente estudo analisa as experiências de grandes empresas nacionais no México (Cemex, Hylsa e Vitro) ao longo da última década, explorando os caminhos de acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica sustentada por processos de aprendizado por elas seguidos para competir nos mercados mundiais. O estudo concentra-se no relacionamento entre os caminhos para o acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica e os processos de aprendizado subjacentes, com base em indícios empíricos coletados em trabalhos de campo. Sugere que as maiores mudanças recentes que ocorreram no México implicaram, nas empresas analisadas, um processo resultante do complexo intercâmbio entre habilidades e capacidades internas das empresas, um processo de aprendizado de aquisição de conhecimento externo, novas condiç[otilde]es de mercado, modos de transferência de tecnologia e outras condiç[otilde]es.     

Grey Power: An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Parallel Imports on Market Prices

The persistence of price discrimination across international markets with falling costs of unofficial importing is both paradox and policy concern. E-commerce facilitates a “grey” market in parallel imports, particularly for high-value goods such as electronics. This paper explores the impact of unofficial imports on price using a panel of product markets mediated via an Internet shopbot. It finds the presence of an import model lowers prices across the market. However, unlike the refurbished model it is not simply an inferior substitute. The import price discount increases over the model life cycle, suggesting that model-specific preferences fall as each model ages.

跨企业供应链管理系统的过程模型分析

集成并协调供应链中各成员的Web服务可以使虚拟企业获得很高的效率,本文重点讨论跨企业供应链管理系统的建模问题。在分析跨企业过程的服务集成面临的相关问题的基础上,引入了面向对象的设计理念,详细阐述了过程模型的服务接口、服务活动、占位符和服务包装器四类服务模型原语。     

An Illustrative Application of Multi-Unit Franchise Expansion in a Local Retail Market

Abstract

Retail expansion in a local market offers many challenges, and given the sensitivity of survival to location mistakes, it is imperative to develop site models that incorporate realistic impediments to that expansion. Small independent businesses or local area franchisees facing limits on all forms of capital rarely can open additional units without delays. In this paper, we test the benefit of using Kaufmann, Donthu and Brooks' (2000) multi-unit site selection model that incorporates the reality of delays in the opening of new stores as well as the recognition that local retail chains can face competition from many hard to identify sources. We use data from the actual introduction of a small set of stores in a major United States metropolitan market to estimate the potential for improvement over a pure sequential expansion strategy. When compared to the sequential strategy actually used by the retailer, we estimate that performance could have been improved by 15.5% if a model that anticipated the delays in opening the stores and competition from secondary sources would have been used.     

完善煤炭市场体系促进经济较快发展

本文认为,近年来推行的煤炭订货改革有效发挥了市场配置资源的基础性作用,加快了政府职能转变,初步形成了国家宏观调控指导下供需双方企业自主衔接资源、协商定价的新机制,为保障煤炭稳定供应、促进经济平稳较快发展奠定了重要基础。2007年是推进煤炭订货改革关键性的一年,为进一步推进改革,加强市场监管,规范市场行为,建立并完善统一开放、竞争有序的煤炭市场体系,煤炭订货改革要进一步引入市场机制,简化铁路运力配置框架;依法规范购销关系,企业自主签订合同;完善煤炭价格市场形成机制,供需双方协商定价;以提高运输效率为核心,优化运力配置。有关各方应认清形势,自觉适应并支持改革;把握原则要求,加快衔接进度;落实企业定价自主权,搞好价格协商;加强行业自律,规范企业行为,为建成既能实现市场主体自由交易,又有利于国家宏观调控、市场运作、规范运行、功能齐全、层次分明、方式多样、手段先进的现代煤炭市场化体系,搞好组织实施与衔接工作。     

Small versus large retail stores in an emerging market—Mexico

As emerging markets open, they attract large domestic and international retailers, which compete with traditional local small stores. This study investigates whether this influx of large stores is inevitable, by focusing on consumers' motivation for selecting a retail store, and the association between these motivation dimensions and the shopping patronage. The results from an empirical study conducted in Mexico indicate that consumer's preference for small stores is positively motivated by functional benefits and familiarity with small stores; and negatively associated with the functional benefits offered by large stores. These motivational dimensions are also positively associated with the share of wallet spent at small stores. While gender exhibits mixed effect on preference for small stores and the share of wallet, women do feel that large stores provide better functional benefits and support for the local economy. Finally, the study details the research and managerial implications of the findings.     

建立我国进口反倾销管理体系研究

我国的进口反倾销实践取得了很好的贸易救济效果,在一定程度上阻挡了国外倾销产品对我国产品的损害,维护了公平竞争的市场环境。但在反倾销实践中仍存在贸易转移效应,出口商品的规避行为,公共利益问题以及立案少,效率低等问题。建立我国进口反倾销售管理体系的战略目标与内容体系,可使我国企业得以在公平的贸易环境中发展,使产业结构更加合理化,进而维护我国的国家经济安全。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的市场需求预测

结合灰色GM(1,1)预测模型和马尔可夫预测模型的优点,建立了灰色马尔可夫GM(1,1)预测模型,以市场需求预测为实例,证明灰色马尔可夫预测模型对于随机波动性较大的市场需求的数据列的预测具有一定的准确性和应用性。     

我国主要石化产品需求预测

本文描述了我国石化产品的市场现状及相关行业对石化行业的需求。同时预测了我国石化产品２００５和２０１０年的供需情况及相关行业的发展趋势。     

国内外棉花市场价格的动态关系分析——基于VECM模型

本文运用协整检验、误差修正模型及脉冲响应函数等方法,分析了我国加入世贸组织后国内棉花价格与国际棉花价格之间的动态关系。结果表明,国内棉价与国际棉价具有长期均衡关系,其中国际棉价波动对国内棉价有较强的冲击,对国内市场起引导作用;而国内棉价波动对国际市场影响较小,并在此基础上提出了政策建议。