政府科技支出、生产率与区域经济增长实证研究

政府科技支出的主要目的是刺激和引导科技创新,促进技术进步,提升生产率。利用地区面板数据随机系数模型,实证研究了我国东、中、西部地区政府科技支出的生产率改进机制和效应,结果显示:不同地区、不同政府科技支出项目的生产率改进机制和效应不完全相同,故3个地区政府科技支出的调整方向不完全相同,虽然3个地区均需大幅减少政府挖潜改造支出,但东部地区应侧重于增大政府科学事业费支出规模,而中、西部地区则需重点扩大政府科技三项费支出规模。     

Productivity Growth And Market Structure In Telecommunications

This study examines sources of telecommunications sector productivity growth. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth is calculated using the Malmquist productivity index for a sample of 74 countries for the period 1991 through 1995. An econometric model is estimated which relates TFP growth to output growth, network digitisation, telecommunications development, output-mix, the business cycle and market structure. Model estimates suggest that higher digitisation rates dampen TFP growth in the short run, and cross-subsidisation of services creates inefficiency. However, developing countries can increase TFP growth through catch up, and increased privatisation and competition are conducive to productivity growth.     

Imperfect Competition,Returns To Scale and Productivity Growth In Australian Manufacturing: A Smooth Transition Approach To Trade Liberalisation

This Paper examines the relationship between trade liberalization and productivity growth for Australian manufacturing. An imperfect competition, non-CRS, smooth transition empirical framework is employed for analysis. GMM estimates of the logistic smooth transition model imply that trade reform impacts take approximately four years to complete, but do not occur over the same time period for all industries. In response to trade reforms, for most industries a significant improvement in productivity is estimated, these improvements are associated with lower mark-ups and falling scale parameters. A minority of industries however, experienced no change or falling productivity growth in response to reforms, these industries tended to have the highest absolute protection levels. [D24, F12, C52, L60]     

服务业生产率测度研究

生产率增长是经济增长的关键因素之一 ,生产率的研究是技术经济学科领域的前沿 ,而服务业生产率则是生产率理论的研究前沿。本文评述了国外服务业生产率研究的进展 ,介绍了服务业生产率的概念及测度方法 ,给出了服务业生产率研究的方向。     

The SNA93 Values as a Consistent Framework for Productivity Measurement: Unsolved Issues

The SNA93 as a source of a consistent set of values for productivity accounting is studied. In the valuation of intermediate inputs and outputs the main problems relate to the treatment of taxes and subsidies on products. In labor share the main problem is the separation of the labor compensation of the self-employed. As to the value of capital input, the exact relationship between depreciation, efficiency decline and obsolescence is missing in the SNA93. All relevant assets are not allocated to industries. Treatment of the services of financial intermediaries is also problematic     

Offshoring,Sourcing Substitution Bias,and the Measurement of Growth in U.S. Gross Domestic Product and Productivity

The decade before the financial crisis of 2008 was a time of large changes in sourcing patterns for manufactured goods, particularly after China's entry into the WTO in 2001. Sourcing substitution reduced the prices paid by wholesale level buyers of these goods, but these price reductions were mostly not captured in the U.S. import price indexes and the U.S. GDP deflator. To find plausible values for sourcing bias we first use data on changes in sourcing patterns over 1997–2007 to predict the effect of the reported price discount from the new emerging market suppliers. Next, we compare adjusted import price indexes for products used for household consumption with consumer price indexes. In the GDP deflator for apparel imports, sourcing bias is found to average 0.6 percent per year, and for durable goods it averages 1 percent per year. During the decade of rapidly changing sourcing patterns, a tenth of the reported speedup in multifactor productivity growth of the U.S. private business sector may have come from sourcing bias in the deflators for imports.     

TRIZ理论应用于高职创新人才培养的研究

随着前苏联的解体,作为国家机密的TRIZ理论在世界范围内普及开来,高校也开始尝试将这一发明神器进行应用.阐述了TRIZ理论应用于高职创新人才培养的尝试:以TRIZ为核心的众创空间构建、TRIZ创新教育师资的队伍培养、基于TRIZ的创新课程体系建设、TRIZ理论指导下的竞赛活动;通过总结,肯定了TRIZ理论在高职创新人才培养方面的积极作用.     

农民工对江西经济增长的贡献与成果分享测度

农民工进城为工业化、城市化、现代化建设作出了卓越贡献,丰富了城镇的劳动力资源,为城镇产业的技术升级和第二、三产业的发展创造了有利条件,有力推动了经济结构的调整和城乡经济的发展.通过测算发现,1993--2006年期间农民工对江西经济增长的贡献率平均为20.9%.与农民工的贡献相比,农民工的成果分享却是不公平的.如果工业化之初农民工作出必要的牺牲是无法避免的,那么改革开放30年后他们就理应分享经济发展的成果.农民工将在江西经济发展中发挥越来越重要的作用,各级政府应在促使农民工定居城市和推动城市化进程中发挥强有力的支撑作用,有条件、有步骤地推进农民工市民化工程.     

黄龙洞旅游开发对洞内生态环境和人的影响研究

通过对黄龙洞年内不同季节定点测定，同时与对旅游影响还不大的龙王洞对比测定，作者发现黄龙滑滑内空气CO2浓度的明显变化主要受客流量的影响。旅游旺季和黄金周客流量急剧增长带来的洞内空气CO2浓度大幅度增长，有利于岩溶作用，但洞内黑暗、高湿、低温的生态环境，对洞内工作人员身体健康有害。洞穴内岩溶景观的变化，主要受漫长的自然岩溶过程的影响，与洞内开发旅游活动的关系不大，但与洞顶山地植被保护状况有密切关系。     

中国物价波动与经济增长关系研究——基于城乡居民消费差距视角的分析

物价波动与经济增长之间的关系是经济学传统的研究课题。本文在测量城乡居民消费差距的基础上,利用TARCH模型研究了物价波动对城乡居民消费差距的非对称影响,并从城乡居民消费差距的视角分析了物价波动对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:物价波动使得城乡居民消费差距的变化越来越小;物价波动与城乡居民消费差距之间呈负相关关系,当物价变动1%时,城乡居民消费差距反向变动0.579%;物价波动对经济增长有着负的直接影响;物价波动通过影响城乡居民消费差距进而对经济增长产生负的间接影响。     

Table of Imp & Exp Volume from Jan To September in 2002 for China''''s Major Development Zones As Origins andDestinations (In order of Growth Rates over Same 2001 Period ) (Unit: US$''''000)

No. Origins &destinations Import Export Import & Export Growth rate over same 2001 period (%)" import export imp.&exp."1 Zhongshan Torch HIDZ 632.0 2,321 2,953 185.0 3675.5 3045.2"2 Lanzhou NIDZ 5,123 7,938 13,061 1655.8 625.7 842.7"3 Shenzhen Industrial Park …