The macro production function uniquely determines the capacity distribution of the micro units

A wellknown approach to the theory of production obtains the macro production function from an integration over a distribution of capacities of micro units. An elementary proof is given for the fact that the macro production function uniquely determines the capacity distribution.     

焦点企业核型结构产业集群技术创新传播多网络连通性剖析

针对焦点企业核型集群技术创新传播网络连通性问题,深入剖析网络形成机理,提出集群最终产品交互结构—生产网络—技术创新网络三阶段生成方法。在此基础上,对3家现实焦点企业核型集群技术创新网络进行调研,生成与现实集群技术创新网络相对应的网络样本,并且依据渗流理论经典模型对上述网络样本连通性进行解析,得出一些共性规律：网络节点纵向和横向结网概率均处于中度水平（0.3~0.6）,即可保证网络整体连通;只考虑子网内部连接时,能够生产最多最终产品的焦点企业核心子网连通性最好;整网连通性越差,横向结网概率取值越低,同时隶属多个焦点企业核心子网的桥接节点对整网连通性的贡献越大。      

Technological Innovation and High-Quality Economic Development

Linking technological innovation with high-quality economic development is a complex process. So far, there has been little academic research on the mechanism and internal law of technological innovation related to high quality economic development. After streamlining the research context of technological innovation in the deductive development of economic growth theory, this paper summarizes and extracts the core connotation of high-quality economic development from the concept of high-quality development and at micro, meso and macro dimensions. The internal law of technological innovation promoting high-quality economic development is revealed from six aspects, including total factor productivity, supply of high-quality products and services, industrial structure upgrading, consumption structure upgrading, resources and environment, and promoting social equity. This paper then puts forward policy recommendations for technological innovation promoting high-quality economic development at micro, meso and macro dimensions. Microscopically, organizations including R&D enterprises, universities and research institutes should have their creativity enhanced; mesoscopically, the levels of industrial chain, value chain and regional technological innovation growth pole should be improved; and macroscopically, China should raise its overall technology competitiveness in the world for high-quality economic development driven by technological innovation. This paper proposes six issues on technological innovation related to high-quality development that deserve in-depth discussion, including identifying the standards and boundaries of innovation, capturing the orientation of technological innovation, and raising the rate of transforming technological innovation achievements, etc.     

Localized knowledge percolation processes and information networks

Summary The development of knowledge within industries is strongly influenced by the network structure of relations among firms. Firms relying on localized knowledge can implement their technological capability not only by means of research and development expenditures and internal learning but also through the systematic absorption of technological and scientific externalities available in their environment. Percolation processes have been studied in physics as the outcome of two classes of forces termed as connectivity and receptivity. The former measures the number of connections in place among the agents in the network and the latter the capability of each agent to absorb the informations received. This paper applies the methodology of percolation processes to operationalize the implications for both the economics of innovation and for technology policy of the structural characteristics of innovation networks as communication systems.     

企业绿色技术创新驱动绿色发展探析

文章基于党的十八大提出的大力推进生态文明建设战略,从推进绿色发展加快生态文明建设的思路出发,对企业绿色技术驱动绿色发展问题进行了研究。文章运用宏观与微观相结合、理论和实践相统一的研究方法,在阐明了企业绿色技术创新是推进绿色发展的必然选择的基础上,从宏观和微观两个层面提出了绿色技术创新驱动绿色发展的途径和方法。从微观层面指出了企业绿色技术创新驱动绿色发展的基本途径,即企业在生产方式上,要通过开发利用绿色技术,建造绿色企业,发展绿色生产等措施以实现企业绿色技术创新;在技术运用上,要大力开发清洁生产技术和资源化技术,以推进企业绿色技术创新成果转化;从宏观层面给出了企业绿色技术创新驱动绿色发展的对策建议,即在宏观保障上,积极建构有利于企业绿色技术创新的社会舆论、政策制度和市场体系,以保障企业绿色技术驱动绿色发展的实施。     

创新网络中企业自主知识产权交互对创新绩效的影响

共享经济环境下区域性创新网络的形成,推动了网络中不同企业节点的协同发展。伴随着企业的市场发展需求,依据知识产权保护进行知识搜索和产权交互成为企业间协同创新的重要内容。基于企业间竞合理念,从创新网络中企业节点间互动机制视角出发,探讨企业自主知识产权交互、实际吸收能力、知识产权风险与企业创新绩效之间的关系。研究表明：企业自主知识产权交互与创新绩效之间呈显著倒U型关系;实际吸收能力对企业创新绩效产生直接显著作用,并且部分中介企业自主知识产权交互与创新绩效之间的关系;另外,知识产权风险能够正向显著调节企业自主知识产权交互与实际吸收能力之间的关系。研究结论有利于进一步强化创新网络企业间自主知识产权交互和实际吸收能力,并在有效规避知识产权风险的同时促进企业创新绩效提升。     

RESEARCH NETWORKS AS INFRASTRUCTURE FOR KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION IN EUROPEAN REGIONS

This paper concentrates on the role of research network infrastructure in fostering the dissemination of innovation-related knowledge. It examines the structure of collaborative networks and of knowledge transfer between research, innovation and deployment activities in the field of information and communication technology for the European Union as a whole and for several European regions. Research networks complement diffusion networks by providing additional links and by increasing the number of the organisations involved in sharing and exchanging knowledge. Two types of actors are key players in these networks: hubs and gatekeepers. Hubs maintain the bulk of ties in the networks also helping the smaller and more isolated members remain connected. Gatekeepers bridge research and diffusion networks. Such organisations naturally offer greater policy leverage in establishing a European knowledge infrastructure. Moreover, strengthened inter-network connectivity among research and diffusion activities (deployment) would raise the effectiveness of European research in terms of accelerating innovation.     

清洁发展机制及其对我国可再生能源发电的启示

清洁发展机制（CDM）是近几年来国际社会的热门话题，本文从走循环经济道路和建立环境友好型社会出发，结合清洁发展机制，从各方面分析了我国可再生能源发电的现状和CDM项目的市场潜力及优势。进而根据目前我国CDM项目的开发情况分别从微观和宏观两个层面提出了一些建议，如选择合适的融资方式、强化政策体系的建设与创新、提高国际谈判能力和建立CDM联系机制等。     

新一代信息技术产业网络结构对技术多元化的影响——技术结构的门限效应

基于2010—2019年新一代信息技术产业专利引用数据,利用度中心性与结构洞指标揭示网络结构演化对技术多元化的影响机理,并探究两者间联合效应对技术多元化两个维度（核心技术和非核心技术）的门限效应。结果表明,非核心技术情况下,相对于能力获利策略,创新主体更倾向于控制知识外溢风险;核心技术情况下,创新主体不仅占据结构洞中介位置获取信息资源,还通过提高异质性知识的吸收转化能力形成路径依赖,降低核心技术能力僵化性从而获得潜在收益。此外,度中心性对核心技术存在三重门限效应,对非核心技术存在显著双重门限效应。结构洞对非核心技术具有倒U型影响关系,对核心技术存在显著双重门限负向作用。最后提出加强核心技术识别与挖掘、非核心技术探索以及注重不同门限区间技术溢出调节作用等策略。     

东北地区高技术产业技术体制研究

本文首先建立技术体制的框架模型,对影响和决定产业技术体制的四个主要因素：市场容量、创新独占性、技术内化性、社会动力进行分析。这些因素影响和决定着产业技术体制的结构和特点,而技术体制的结构和特点将影响到产业的产品结构、技术结构、生产结构、创新结构和竞争结构,进而影响到产业创新能力的提升和核心竞争力的构筑;其次,根据概念模型中对市场容量、创新独占性、技术内化性、社会动力的界定构建技术体制评价指标体系;再次,以电子及通信设备制造业为例,对东北地区高技术产业技术体制的发展规律进行探索,并对存在的问题进行深入分析,力求为东北地区高技术产业技术体制的建设提供理论参考。     

跨国企业母国创新网络对国际化创新绩效的影响——高管国际化背景与企业数字化的调节作用

在国际形势复杂多变、新冠肺炎疫情肆虐的全球背景下,我国跨国公司国际化创新发展需要国内创新资源支撑,但当前研究主要关注国际创新资源对跨国企业国际化创新的影响。基于国际化创新内外双循环格局,选取2010—2019年我国电子信息产业上市公司为研究样本,通过Tobit回归探究母国企业创新网络对国际化创新绩效的影响,结果表明,母国企业创新网络规模正向影响国际化创新,而高管国际化和企业数字化具有正向调节作用。结论对我国跨国企业利用国内技术创新资源构建国际化创新双循环格局具有重要现实意义：一是在宏观政策上,政府要加强国内创新网络建设以支撑企业国际化创新发展;二是在跨国企业内部,要重视国际化人才引进和企业内部数字化建设,通过积累国际化创新人力资源促进国际创新资源吸收,并为创新效率提升奠定数字化基础。     

Cumulative causation in the formation of a technological innovation system: The case of biofuels in the Netherlands

Despite its worldwide success, the innovation systems approach is often criticised for being theoretically underdeveloped. This paper aims to contribute to the conceptual and methodological basis of the (technological) innovation systems approach. We propose an alteration that improves the analysis of dynamics, especially with respect to emerging innovation systems. We do this by expanding on the technological innovation systems and system functions literature, and by employing the method of ‘event history analysis’. By mapping events, the interactions between system functions and their development over time can be analysed. Based on this it becomes possible to identify forms of positive feedback, i.e. cumulative causation. As an illustration of the approach, we assess the biofuels innovation system in The Netherlands as it evolved from 1990 to 2007.     

全球化视角下我国汽车制造企业创新网络演化路径:“江铃”与“奇瑞”双案例研究

以全球化背景为研究情境,以全球制造网络中非核心企业江铃汽车与核心企业奇瑞汽车两个汽车制造企业为研究对象,采用探索性案例研究方法,以企业创新网络理论为基础,结合企业成长理论与资源基础理论,通过识别企业不同发展阶段的创新网络构建过程,从结构特征、影响因素两个方面深入探索企业如何运营创新网络,进而归纳总结出企业创新网络的演化结构模型。结果表明,企业创新网络发展经历了由封闭到开放、分散到集中、非正式到正式、单核到多核的演化过程,在这个过程中非核心企业创新网络一直处于被动状态,核心企业创新网络一直处于主动状态,具体网络功能经历了模仿式创新、吸收式创新、整合式创新、自主式创新4个阶段。     

嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效:网络能力中介效应研究

科技型小微企业嵌入于创新网络中,通过自主性发挥网络构建与管理能力,进一步分享创新网络资源,提高创新实力。基于中国软件谷(南京)及相关创业孵化园246家软件企业问卷调查结果,运用SPSS、LISREL软件进行统计分析,实证研究网络能力对嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效的中介效应。结果表明:(1)嵌入性创新网络稳定性有利于科技型小微企业创新绩效的提升;(2)嵌入性创新网络强度越大,科技型小微企业网络能力越强;(3)科技型小微企业网络能力越强,创新绩效提升越明显;(4)科技型小微企网络能力有助于促进嵌入性创新网络对创新绩效的提升作用。     

Can innovation network projects result in efficient performance?

This paper examines the effects that process, structure and governance dimensions of networks have on innovation performance. The main focus of the paper is the multidimensional aspect of innovation networks and how these dimensions affect network performance. Technology management, resource-based, transaction costs and social capital perspectives are applied in the construction of the model variables of each subsystem or dimension analyzed. With results drawn from a sample of 350 project managers identified in the European Union CORDIS database who are actively involved in European innovation networks, we argue that the performance of innovation networks is increased through the suitable design of process, structure and governance subsystems. Empirical findings also show that interactions between these subsystems have a complementary or synergic effect resulting in improved innovation performance.     

Beyond absorptive capacity in open innovation process: the relationships between openness,capacities and firm performance

The literature has shown that open innovation (OI) can be a winning strategy in improving firm performance. However, in order to adopt and implement it, managers need to resolve practical problems, such as understanding the role played by OI capacities and openness on firm performance. In response to these needs, this study aims to investigate the hierarchical relationships between openness, OI capacities and performance using a structural equation model approach. This paper also attempts to compare the levels of openness between firms in different industries to discover similarities and differences in OI phenomena. The analysis of data obtained from a survey of Korean firms shows significant interrelations between openness, OI capacities and firm performance. Our results go further in developing understanding of the building blocks on which successful OI is built and particularly suggest that desorptive capacity which underpins the out-bound OI process, is in turn strongly supported by knowledge management capacity. It is hoped that the results of this study can enrich our understanding of the OI mechanism and provide managerial and policy implications.     

Banking strategy and credit expansion: a post-Keynesian approach

This paper aims to clarify the relationship between individualbanks and banking industry behaviour in credit expansion. Theauthors argue that the balance sheet structure of an individualbank is only partially determined by its management's decisionabout how aggressively to expand credit; it is also determinedby the balance sheet positions of other banks. This relationshipis shown explicitly by a simple disaggregation of the variablesthat enter into the economy-wide money multiplier. The approachtaken here revives the multi-bank approach to banking analysispioneered by Wallace and Karmel in the 1960s, which is particularlywell-suited to integrating micro and macro levels in Keynesianbanking analysis.     

The dynamic of innovation networks: a switching model on technological change

In this paper, we introduce an agent-based model where heterogeneous firms compare and modify their innovation strategies, so generating an evolving network structure. By implementing dynamic behavioral switching via a fitness mechanism based on agents’ performance, companies can endogenously modify their tactics for technological change and switch among three groups: stand-alone innovators, collaborative innovators and imitators. On the one hand, we study the properties of the emerging networks and we show that they reproduce the stylized facts of innovation networks. Moreover, we focus the analysis on the impact of these three innovation categories on the macro economic aggregate, finding that collaborative companies are those having the highest positive impact on the economic system. On the other hand, we use the model to study the effect of different economic innovation policies in increasing macroeconomic performance.     

金融安全网:基于信息空间理论的分析

在美国新金融改革法案颁布以及世界各国正着手进行金融监管体系重塑的背景下,针对金融安全网信息机制的构建,本文运用信息空间理论分析框架,结合复杂性学科的相关内容,分析了信息空间理论与金融安全网之间的适用性,探讨了构建金融安全网宏观信息空间、中观信息空间和微观信息空间与金融安全网适应能力、吸收能力、决策能力以及防护能力之间的关系,阐述了金融安全网信息机制的有效性及其对预防和管理银行危机的直接影响。     

Strategic technology alliances and networks

This paper briefly reviews the literature on strategic technology alliances (STAs) and networks, allocating the contributions to ‘micro’ (firm) and ‘meso’ perspectives (the network). The focus is on a logical reconstruction of important themes in the literature pertaining to the role of STAs in boosting innovation and in promoting the survival and growth of partners and their environments. Overall, the literature points to a quite important role of alliances and networks especially in knowledge-intensive industrial activities combining the production and utilization of technological knowledge for competitiveness and growth. Not unexpectedly, important differences are pointed out in terms of incentives and benefits from alliances across different types of firms and industries. Network structure evolves in accordance with the nature of the industry and with the type of technological advancement sought by participating organizations.