吸收能力与企业创新绩效

吸收能力理论被广泛用于研究复杂的组织现象,是技术创新、组织学习、知识管理、产业经济与战略管理等多学科领域研究所涉及的核心指标,很多学者用该理论解释不同的企业创新绩效。本文首先回顾了相关文献,说明了吸收能力的基本内涵和模型。其次在企业网络的视角下,探讨了企业吸收能力对企业创新绩效的直接作用和调节作用。第三,总结了两个基于企业吸收能力的企业创新绩效影响因素的研究模型,并分析了模型的优缺点。最后,本文指出随着外部知识资源对企业创新重要性的增强,不能继续把知识作为一个已知的常量,要区分不同的知识属性是否对企业创新绩效有显著的影响作用。要以企业吸收能力为核心,从整体的角度系统探讨影响企业创新绩效的关键因素,用有效的研究方法科学地分析各关键因素之间的相互关系以及对企业创新绩效的不同影响作用。     

A naturalistic approach to the theory of the firm: The role of cooperation and cultural evolution

One reason why firms exist, this paper argues, is because they are suitable organizations within which cooperative production systems based on human social predispositions can evolve. In addition, we show how an entrepreneur, given these predispositions, can shape human behavior within a firm. To illustrate these processes, we will present a model that depicts how the biased transmission of cultural contents via social learning processes within the firm influence employees’ behavior and the performance of the firm. These biases can be traced back to evolved social predispositions. Humans lived in tribal scale social systems based on significant amounts of intra- and even intergroup cooperation for tens if not a few hundred thousand years before the first complex societies arose. Firms rest upon the social psychology originally evolved for tribal life. We also relate our conclusions to empirical evidence on the performance and size of different kinds of organizations. Modern organizations have functions rather different from ancient tribes, leading to friction between our social predispositions and organization goals. Firms that manage to reduce this friction will tend to function better.     

Entry,growth, and survival: The new learning on firm selection and industry evolution

This paper tries to shed some light on the seeming paradox posed by the findings in the industrial organization literature that (1) the bulk of firms in an industry are not only very small, but also sufficiently small so that they are operating at a sub-optimal scale of output, and (2) entrepreneurs are apparently not deterred from starting new firms even in industries where scale economies play an important role. A dynamic view of the process of firm selection and industry evolution is that new firms typically start at a very smal scale of output. Because this level of output may be sub-optimal, the firm must grow in order to survive. The empirical evidence supports such a dynamic view of the evolutionary nature of industries. Viewed through a dynamic lens, the often-observed asymmetric size distribution of firms becomes more understandable. The persistence of an asymmetric firm-size distribution skewed towards small enterprises presumably reflects a continuing process of entry into industries and not necessarily the survival of such small and suboptimal enterprises over a long period of time.     

家族式治理对公司理财行为的影响机制研究

家族企业已经越来越受到人们的重视。在现有文献的基础上,论文以所有权和控制权为两维对家族企业做了严格的定义和划分,并把研究对象界定在拥有高控制权的家族式企业。通过将家族式治理和公司理财分析范式结合分析,家族式治理中的网络式组织结构、封闭式的股权结构和作为家族意愿体现的董事会治理机制对家族企业理财行为产生影响。家族式治理对公司理财行为产生正面影响,但由于其自身的局限性和家族企业所处环境的变化,家族式理财必须进行变革:非家族化的理财方式变革,家族规则与现代市场游戏规则的融合,引入有效专家理财制度,以及对家族式理财的扬弃。     

How to improve the university–industry collaboration in Taiwan's animation industry? Academic vs. industrial perspectives

This study demonstrates the use of importance–performance analysis (IPA) to prioritise the motivators that can facilitate university–industry collaboration in the animation industry in Taiwan. This study confirms that financial supports and education are still major reasons for academia to participate in the university–industry collaboration. Reducing costs and obtaining human training are the reasons for animation firms to join the university–industry collaboration. However, by comparing the results of IPA for academia and industry, this study recommends four common interest motivators from both academic and industrial perspectives and where efforts should be concentrated. Research facilities, external competencies, talents, and innovation capacity are very important for the animation industry of Taiwan.     

市场结构、流通能力与我国农产品流通企业扩张绩效

通过对企业扩张影响因素全面的理论梳理,构建一个新的企业扩张行为分析模型,可以认为企业扩张行为并非是外部因素决定的,企业扩张行为绩效的决定是内部性的.在这一企业扩张新假设条件下,企业在竞争中的能力的积累是流通企业扩张行为取得绩效的根本来源.运用这个模型对中国农产品企业扩张问题进行实证研究,从而对我国农产品流通企业扩张的合理化提出相关建议.     

R&D expenditures and firm growth – is small beautiful?

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how efficiently different groups of firms use their R&D expenditures. To this end, it investigates how the empirical relationship between firms' R&D expenditures and their sales growth varies with different values of firm size, firm age, and the number of firms in the respective industry. Using panel data for Switzerland ranging from 1995 to 2012, the paper finds that smaller, more mature firms show a more positive relation between R&D expenditures and sales growth than both relatively larger or younger firms. The paper argues that, on the one hand, these firms can benefit from various small size advantages in the R&D process, such as more motivated researchers, caused by a stronger connection to the firm's fate. On the other hand, these firms can also benefit from a well-established R&D department that allows absorbing the latest technological developments. The paper further finds that industries consisting of many small firms show a more positive relation between R&D expenditures and sales growth than industries consisting of only a few large firms. The intuition behind this result is that industries consisting of many small firms imply more independent innovative trials, which then together result in a higher probability of discovering successful innovations. In sum, the paper finds that groups consisting of a large number of small, more mature firms spend their R&D in the most efficient way.     

我国中小企业企业家能力与企业绩效关系研究

企业家能力对企业的绩效有重要影响.建立了一个中小企业企业家能力与企业绩效之间的综合模型,系统研究了中小企业企业家能力和企业绩效之间的关系,对基于能力和基于资源的理论进行了完善和发展.研究结果显示,不同的企业家的能力会对企业绩效产生不同的作用.因此,对于中国中小企业来说,充分利用企业家能力,可以增强企业的竞争力,从而提高企业绩效.     

国外市场导向对企业绩效的直接影响——实证研究综述

市场导向对企业绩效是否有直接影响一直是营销学者和企业所关注的热点问题。笔者通过对近20年（1990-2010年）国外有关市场导向与企业绩效直接关系的实证研究文献的梳理,总结出市场导向对企业绩效直接影响的结论并不一致,并将其分为正向直接影响、混合直接影响和没有直接影响三种情况：其中大部分研究肯定了市场导向对企业绩效的正向直接影响;混合影响的影响因素很可能包括商品经营的类型不同、绩效指标的不同,市场导向的不同类型,市场导向的不同维度;没有直接影响的影响因素很可能包括企业类型、行业特征,文化背景,以及影响市场导向与绩效直接关系的中介变量或调解变量。以上这些结论对市场导向与绩效关系方面的未来研究方向提供了一定的参考。     

Bank distress and firms’ investment during the Great Recession - evidence from Ireland

This article investigates the impact of bank distress on firms’ performance using unique data during the Great Recession for Ireland. The results show that bank distress, measured as banks’ credit default swap spreads (CDS), has negatively and statistically significantly affected firms’ investment expenditures. Interestingly, firms with access to alternative sources of external finance are not impacted by bank distress. The results are robust to accounting for external finance dependence, demand and trade sensitivities, which affect firm performance and the demand for credit.     

How does privatization work in China?

Bai, Chong-En, Lu, Jiangyong, and Tao, Zhigang—How does privatization work in China?Using a comprehensive panel data set of China’s state-owned enterprises, we investigate the impacts of privatization on social welfare and firm performance indicators. The privatization of China’s state-owned enterprises was found to have little impact on the change of firm employment, but it did lead to increasing sales and hence higher labor productivity. Meanwhile, there was a gain in firm profitability contributed to mostly by the reduction of managerial expenses to sales. The impact of privatization was sustainable in the long run, and was more pronounced when state ownership was reduced to minority position as opposed to majority position.     

美国寿险上市公司衍生金融工具立用的价值和业绩效应实证研究

本文运用Panel data模型实证检验衍生品的使用对美国寿险上市公司价值和业绩的直接效应,结果证明了衍生品运用之于寿险公司价值及业绩的正面效应,从而为我国衍生产品市场推出之后放开对寿险企业的投资准入提供了正面的实证依据。