城市建筑三维形态研究——以大连市金普新区为例

城市空间形态是城市规划设计的重要研究内容。本文以大连市金普新区2015年UDEM为基础数据,从三维出发,以城市建筑形态为研究内容,在现有城市三维形态研究的基础上,提出新的占空度计算模型作为计算城市三维形态的指标,同时对计算结果进行空间自相关分析,探讨分析金普新区的城市发展形态。     

基于GIS的城市景观聚集度空间分异研究——以大连市金普新区为例

以大连市金普新区主城区2015年城市建筑数据为基础,利用城市景观二维聚集度指数,提出了城市景观三维聚集度指数,从多空间尺度,分析了城市景观聚集度的空间分异特征.研究结果表明,主城区景观聚集度指数分布呈现西南高东北低的趋势;景观聚集度大小与区域功能有关,工业区较低,居住区和商区较高,其中商居混合区出现最高值;大连民族大学...     

城市热环境空间格局及影响因素分析——以大连市金州区为例

近年来,城市化发展进程加快导致热环境发生变化,本文通过单窗算法反演地表温度、随机森林分类法对地物进行划分,结合GIS空间分析,对大连市金州区城市热环境的时空特征进行了研究。得出以下三点结论:(1)中心城区具有明显的热岛效应,地表温度总体上明显高于城市边缘区和郊区;(2)研究区包含5种主要地物类型,即植被、耕地、水体、裸土、建筑土地利用空间分布,其中耕地面积最大,水体面积最小;(3)在城市地表覆盖系统内,不同土地利用类型地表温度具有明显差异,其中建筑密集区、交通发达区与植被的LST最大温差可达10℃。     

大连市城市人居环境与产业结构关系定量研究

城市人居环境的影响因素多样,涉及自然环境、社会经济发展水平等主要方面。社会经济因素中的产业结构是城市人居环境的决定性因子之一;运用主成分分析方法以大连市为实证分析产业结构与人居环境之间的关系,并建立了数学模型;研究结果表明:产业结构中,第三产业对城市人居环境的影响最大,其原因为:①第三产业本身的服务业性质即直接提高了人居环境;②第三产业推动经济发展间接改善人居环境;③第三产业本身污染小,对人居环境的负面影响小;据此提出了大连市今后应大力调整产业结构,发展第三产业,促进人居环境的发展,形成第三产业与人居环境相互促进、良性循环的局面。     

缺水城市水资源补偿恢复能力研究——以大连市为例

针对城市水循环系统特征,借鉴恢复生态学观点,采取适度人工干预模式,从自然与社会两个方面探讨城市水资源补偿恢复;以滨海缺水城市大连城市区为例,通过可再生性测算确定其自然补偿恢复能力,研究结果表明:大连的金州区自然补偿恢复能力最强,市内4区次之,旅顺口区最低;在社会补偿恢复、污水回用,海水及雨水利用等方面仍有余地,适度人工干预有利于整个城市水循环系统的良性运行,可使系统在水量、水质和生态3方面相互协调,达到系统循环所要求的合理水平和恢复目标。     

城市建筑高度变化时空特征研究——以大连市沙河口区为例

以大连市沙河口区2012年、2016年城市三维建筑数据为基础,选取三维景观指标,运用Arc GIS空间分析方法从二维与三维结合来研究城市5年间建筑景观格局时空分异特征。结果表明:①大连市沙河口区建筑体积增加了153.5×10⁴m³;地块覆盖率增加了0.31%,容积率增加了13%,反映出沙河口区水平和垂直空间均呈现扩张趋势。②容积率在空间上分布差异明显,低和中等级容积率分别增加了-14.43%和15.46%;高与极高容积率占比较少,且集中分布于李家街、兴工街和中山公园街道;极低占比相对较少,且大部分在南沙街道。     

资源型城市空间扩展研究——以徐州市为例

以我国东部地区典型资源型城市徐州市为例,综合集成MSS、TM、SPOT等遥感影像和地形图、城市历史地图及其它空间数据,在遥感、地理信息系统等技术支持下,通过扩展强度、分形雏数、扩展方向等指标分析了徐州市城市扩展的时空特征,并从自然、经济、社会等方面探讨城市扩展的驱动力.结果表明:建国以来的近60年间,徐州市城市空间显著...     

港口与城市经济发展关系探讨——以青岛为例

港口是一个地区通往世界各地的桥梁,它为城市的发展和繁荣创造了得天独厚的条件;近年来,青岛市的经济突飞猛进,青岛港发挥了巨大的促进作用;通过对青岛港口现状、社会经济效益的分析,认为港口与城市经济发展的相互影响,针对港口发展面临的环境,提出青岛港进一步推动青岛经济发展的措施。     

海滨丘陵城市盘活存量建设用地的途径研究——以大连市为例

本文以大连市为例,以部门调研法和实地调研法研究海滨丘陵城市盘活存量建设用地的途径,为海滨城市提高建设用地集约利用水平,缓解土地供需矛盾提供参考.     

基于GIS的济南市城区扩展遥感动态监测

利用TM/ETM 影像,采用分类后对比法对济南市城区变化进行动态监测,在数量和空间上分析了1977~2001年济南市城区的变化;在3个时间段内,1996~2001年间城区年均增长面积最大,主要扩展方向为正东、东北、正西、西南和南部方向,但城区的整体扩展速率有所降低;通过缓冲区分析发现,济南市城区扩展趋势是以城区中心为原点,呈现同心圆式的外延扩展模式。     

桂林市"两江四湖"工程对城市水环境影响初步研究

通过对2004年广西桂林市“两江四湖”的Cl-、SO42-、NH4 、NO2-、NO3-、总硬度、重碳酸盐、pH值、K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、Fe、Mn的定量测定,与工程建成前及建成后2003年的部分监测数据进行比较分析,结果表明,地表水、地下水水质指标值在变化特征总体上有相近的变化规律,四湖水质在“两江四湖”工程一期竣工后得到很大改善,水质总体上良好,达到工程设计的要求,但2004年的水质受自然和人为的综合影响,在工程建成后的部分监测指标值较2003年仍有所降低;针对存在的问题提出相关的建议。     

Synergy between urban planning, conservation of the cultural built heritage and functional changes in the old urban center—the case of Tel Aviv

The old urban center of Tel Aviv, like other urban centers in the western world, is undergoing accelerated development processes. Together with the trend towards gentrification are processes of urban renewal and infrastructure development and increasing demand for land and buildings, all of which increase the value of the land. The difference between Tel Aviv and other cities in the western world, as well as in Israel, is its young age and its quick pace of change. The old urban center of Tel Aviv is unique in that it is less than one hundred years old and is changing rapidly. Tel Aviv, which in 1909 was a small suburb of Jaffa, has evolved into an independent city, which is today the center of economic and cultural activities in Israel. Tel Aviv's short but significant history, together with its rapid changes, creates its image as an active and vivid metropolis with embedded heritage values. However, rapid development brings with it dilemmas. On the one hand, urban planners, tourists and entrepreneurs identify the center of town with its historical nucleus and heritage values. On the other hand, the rapid development and need for urban renovation are clearly in conflict with the need to preserve Tel Aviv's historical values and unique qualities. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that conservation of built heritage and urban development in ‘Young Tel Aviv’ can coexist and synergistically support each other, and that the historical values have economic potential, which may contribute to urban development. Heritage values can be formulated and even artificially produced to promote urban development. Although Israel has many very old cities with universal historical values, the young city of Tel Aviv is at the forefront of conservation.     

广州市城区空间扩展遥感监测及驱动力分析

利用TM/ETM＋数据,采用遥感专题信息提取法与监督分类对广州市建成区不同时期城市扩展特征进行动态研究,分析了广州市1979～2002年间城市扩展的面积、方向和变化率以及城市扩展模式。23年间,广州市建成区面积净增加325.54km2,2002年达到397.4km2,比1979年扩大了近4.5倍,平均每年扩展14.15km2,年变化率达19.7%;广州市城市扩展模式基本上以旧城区为中心向四周延伸扩展的方式,形成圈层外扩和沿交通线路扩展的模式;在不同时期内,扩展速度差异明显,以向东部的城市扩展在各期最为突出。广州市建成区面积与城市GDP、城市总人口、城镇居民收入以及城市交通等存在着较强的相关性,是建成区扩展的主要驱动因子。     

An innovative means of urban land development: A case study of Trichur in India

Summary

For more than seven decades, several Indian states have used the plot reconstitution technique in managing urban land development. Recently, Kerala, a small southern state, has experimented with this technique for the first time in a scheme in Trichur. The Trichur experience is unique in that it incorporates significant innovations over a somewhat similar method of land readjustment which is widely practiced in the Asian‐Pacific region. Formulated for complete cost‐recovery, the Trichur project incorporates the active cooperation of the landowners and officials, and is a time‐bound programme to complete all land development and building construction works within six years of the finalization of the scheme proposals.

This paper attempts to explore the use of this innovative means of land development in Trichur with a view to assessing the potentiality and constraints in its use, and identifying critical areas where further refinements would be desirable. Based on fieldwork in the state and intensive interviews, the paper finds the Trichur experience to be of great importance as a viable strategy of urban land development and management. The paper concludes with some recommendations on legal and institutional aspects, and stresses the need for refinements in the scheme preparation and information dissemination for transferability and wider application of the technique.     

山东省城市中心性及城市发展研究

以山东省17个地级市为研究对象,在建立综合评价体系基础上,运用区位熵和主成分分析法对城市中心性进行了测度和分析;通过数据分析发现山东省呈现双中心城市发展格局,东、中、西城市中心性差异大,并提出相关政策建议。     

Assessing the fragmentation of construction land in urban areas: An index method and case study in Shunde, China

The fragmentation of construction land due to decentralised urban development, disorderly mixed land use, and large-scale transportation infrastructure poses a threat to urban integrity. There is a need to quantify the fragmentation level in a consistent way for inclusion in planning-related decisions. In the context of China's urban sprawl, this study develops a quantitative and intuitive index approach that planners can use to analyse multiple fragmentation features of construction land within urban areas. The approach can be used in planning policy reviews for timely land-use assessment and can be integrated into urban planning processes for developing strategic land-use scenarios. The method was applied in Shunde, a typical urban area in southern China, and construction-land fragmentation and its impacts on environmental quality were analysed. The results show that the entire built-up area in Shunde displays a high level of fragmentation. Patches of industrial and rural residence have been identified specifically higher fragmentation level. The shortage of available construction land makes land consolidation within built-up areas very important in planning Shunde's future development. Moreover, the land shortage requires the progressive reduction of construction land fragmentation. The results of the study also indicate that although land fragmentation has been affected by transportation infrastructure and the existence of rivers and hills in this region, decentralised decisions from hierarchical local governance regimes have greatly exacerbated this situation. Shunde provides examples of typical land-use problems associated with quasi-urbanised regions in China; construction-land fragmentation is a greater determinant for the sustainable development of urban and rural areas than construction-land growth.     

青海省城镇等级规模结构分形研究

运用分形理论,通过测算2006年青海省城镇体系等级规模分布的分维值并且结合城市首位律的分析,得出青海省城镇体系等级规模结构具有分形特征,并在此基础上分析了青海省城镇体系等级规模结构分布的原因,为青海省城镇体系等级规模结构的优化提出相关的对策。     

济南南部地区城市扩展遥感信息动态分析

从城市建设用地影像光谱信息入手,分析不同时期的Landsat TM、ETM 各波段上地物的谱间结构特征,利用图像处理软件,建立图像分类模型,自动分类与人机交互结合方式进行变化解译,得到济南市南部地区城市扩展动态变化信息;对该区城市扩展规律进行了简要分析。     

徐州都市圈主要城市功能重组研究

从全国、淮海经济区和徐州都市圈3个不同的区域尺度,运用区位熵法对徐州都市圈8个城市的功能结构特征进行了分析,结果发现徐州都市圈的主要城市在功能结构上存在产业结构趋同且层次较低、城市中心性不强和外向型经济薄弱的一系列问题;提出了增强城市间水平联系和互补性、提升城市产业层次和技术含量、强化城市集聚效应和扩散功能、促进首位城市升级等相应的地位重组对策。