安徽雾霾成因与治理初探

雾霾对于人的健康和国家的经济发展都带来了巨大的损害,正成为城市发展的恶疾。形成雾霾天气的原因有多种,高碳的经济发展模式和人们高碳的生活方式是重要的原因之一。文章从安徽雾霾天气的现状分析雾霾形成的深层原因,探讨安徽雾霾的治理方法。     

发展碳汇林业推动低碳实践

冬末春初，浙江省内频发的“雾霾锁城”让普通民众忧心。有统计数据显示，浙江灰霾天气50年增20倍，最严重年份接近200天。“轻雾霾天气”似乎已成为常态，给人们的日常生活带来极大影响。如何避免和减轻雾霾天气对人的伤害？“他山之石”可作借鉴，碳汇林业大有可为，“空气旅游”正当其时，防霾妙招层出不穷，本刊带您探寻“轻雾霾天气”下的生存之法。     

山东沂南:“蔬菜补光灯”应对雾霾

正入冬以来,山东省临沂市沂南县蔬菜部门积极推广"蔬菜补光灯",以应对频发的雾霾天气。这些"蔬菜补光灯"根据蔬菜所需光谱定制,能够增加光照、抗病高产,确保瓜果蔬菜在光照不足的天气下正常生长。     

河北省雾霾的影响分析及对策建议

近几年,河北地区被雾霾笼罩,人民生活和经济发展都受到了很严重的困扰。本文为了准确研究河北省雾霾的变化趋势及影响因素,以城镇化因素、工业化因素、能源因素和治理因素四个准则层为基准,选取了河北省2006-2015年的15个雾霾影响指标,运用熵值法对河北省雾霾天气做出综合评价,分析影响河北雾霾高发的主要因素,提出相应的改善建议。     

秦皇岛雾霾治理工作中的公众参与探析

改革开放以后,随着我国的经济增长速度变快,我国的环境污染情况也在加剧,尤其是在一些拥有重工业的城市,雾霾天气出现的频率越来越高,严重影响人们的日常生活,成为人们日益关注的话题之一。我国政府在治理雾霾过程中起到了重要作用,但是"环境治理、人人有责",尤其是在解决与公众日常生活紧密相关的问题时,公众参与是一项非常好的举措。本文通过简要介绍目前秦皇岛雾霾治理中公众的参与现状,进而提出公众参与过程中出现的一系列问题,并提出一些改善公众参与的具体措施。     

减煤降碳在迁安市经济发展中的情况分析

近年来,雾霾天气便开始蔓延我国中东部地区,其间虽有缓解,但在仅有的几天晴朗之后,雾霾又再次来临。雾霾天气直接影响居民健康,多方数据显示:雾霾天祸源以煤炭为首,且污染趋势与燃煤总量呈正相关。国家下达了煤炭消减方案,煤炭消费情况成为地区关注数据。本文对迁安市规上工业企业的整体耗煤情况进行分析,通过前几年的措施列举,查找问题,提出一些建议。     

青岛地区大气污染物环境损害成本评估——以雾霾为例

评估雾霾污染的损害成本,对生态损害补偿政策的制定及居民损害认知的提高具有重要意义。运用意愿调查法,将假设检验中应用广泛的卡方检验法与Spike修正模型相结合,研究分析了受访者对雾霾治理的支付意愿及其影响因素,评估出雾霾污染造成的环境损害成本。再从人群健康防护角度出发,以雾霾污染造成的健康防护支出为统计变量,评价青岛地区雾霾主要污染物PM2.5对居民健康造成的损害及经济损失,并对两种方法评估结果的差异进行解释说明。     

民众期待出重拳治理环境

<正>2013年,"雾霾"成为中国民众的一个重要话题。2014年,民众对雾霾的关切度只增不减。雾霾还在继续蔓延,就在今年两会召开前的一周,全国又有近百万平方公里的国土遭遇雾霾天气,京津冀首当其冲又成为持续数日的雾霾重灾区。在全国两会召开之前的地方两会中,"治霾"成为关注焦点,并上升为政府工作重点。环境污染与粗放式经济增长模式形影不离,持续的雾霾不仅严重威胁着人们的健康,也     

秸秆焚烧对北方雾霾天气产生的影响及相应解决对策

我国作为农业大国,年产各类作物秸秆约6亿吨,其中80%约5亿吨秸秆都被付之一炬,而秸秆焚烧会带来诸多危害,特别是近些年我国北方出现的大规模雾霾天气与秸秆焚烧有着密切关联,所以治理秸秆焚烧是实现我国农业可持续发展过程中需要解决的重要课题之一。本文将对秸秆焚烧的原因、危害及如何进行治理进行探讨并提出一些建议。     

基于单尺度RetineX算法的雾霾图像清晰化系统开发研究

目前我国雾霾现象越来越普遍,已经严重影响遥感作业人员采集的图片质量。为了解决这一问题,这篇文章主要是研究开发一个雾霾图像清晰化系统,该系统运用单尺度Retine X算法,结合ESRI公司的Arc Engine组件包可以将在雾霾天气下获取的图像进行清晰化处理,从而增强显示图像上的地物信息特征。这项技术可以降低雾霾天气下,传感器探测地物波谱信息时候遇到的误差,也减少了计算机解译或人工解译时带来的图像识别困难与干扰。     

Managing cities and resolving conflicts: Local people’s attitudes towards urban planning in Kumasi,Ghana

This study explores local people’s attitudes towards urban planning, and the effects of development benefits on local support for planning in Kumasi, Ghana. Kumasi is a rapidly urbanising city in Ghana where urban growth between 2000 and 2010 exceeded 5%, and where local support for urban planning has not been studied adequately. Based on Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Town and Country Planning Department and Ghana Statistical Service’s residential area classifications, household survey with 360 respondents were conducted in nine high, middle and low class neighbourhoods in Kumasi, in addition to interviews with six representatives from two planning agencies. Results indicated that two-thirds of the household respondents were positive towards urban planning and support urban planning. The household respondents were aware that more development benefits are possible from an inclusive and pro-poor urban planning. There appears to be correlation between development benefits obtained by local people from urban planning, and support for urban planning, indicating that development benefits impact people’s attitudes towards urban planning. Some of the main problems are social and spatial inequity among people living in different classes of residential neighbourhoods, and lack of locals’ inclusion in urban planning and management. There is a need to clearly address these issues, so that urban planning may get the support of local people which may lead to sustainable urban development.     

Integrating urban climate into urban master plans using spatially distributed information—The Seoul example

The main aim of this paper is to examine ways to integrate urban climate information into urban planning using spatially distributed information. To achieve this, the structures of urban planning in the study area and their contents concerning climate issues were examined. Spatially distributed information on ventilation, air quality and thermal situation in the study area was generated using the CAMPUS framework, which is a set of climate analysis and evaluation tools suitable for planning purposes. Finally, urban planning strategies concerning ventilation, air quality and thermal situation were suggested, and planning measures for implementing the planning strategies were recommended. This study will contribute to a discussion on how urban climate information can be more efficiently considered in urban spatial planning. Furthermore, the information generated in this study can support the development of an evaluative framework for the integration of the climate information into the environmental assessment process, e.g. the implementation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in urban planning.     

兼顾城市规划因素的城镇土地定级技术路线探讨——以武汉市商业用地定级为例

研究目的:基于国家行业规程对城镇土地定级因素因子及土地定级技术路线进行再认识,并提出一种兼顾城市规划影响的城镇土地定级技术途径。研究方法:采用多因素综合评价法建立地价潜力模型,揭示城市规划对土地质量的综合影响,基于模型测算结果提炼成城市规划因素因子,纳入城镇土地定级因素因子体系后参与多因素综合评价确定土地级别。研究结果:城市规划通过协调城市空间布局和综合部署各项城市建设对土地价值的空间分布及变化趋势产生了重要影响;兼顾城市规划因素的土地定级技术路线不仅能克服传统土地定级的局限,而且对现有国家规程的技术框架进行了扩展。研究结论:武汉市商业用地定级的实证研究结果验证了技术路线的有效性。     

Measuring urban sprawl and exploring the role planning plays: A shanghai case study

Measuring the degree of urban sprawl largely depends on the local context and available data. This research establishes a multidimensional index which combines city expansion, urban compactness and urban form to measure sprawl. Urban planning, as part of the state-led growth approach, has exerted dramatic impact on city growth in China. Recent studies have discussed the role of planning in city growth. However, measuring the impact of planning on sprawl, has not been conducted. Taking Shanghai as a case study, this paper builds a multidimensional index to measure the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban sprawl in Shanghai from 1990 to 2010. It finds that urban sprawl was more serious in 2000s than in the 1990s, and the sprawl also presents spatial heterogeneity within different areas of the city. While quantifying the role of planning in urban sprawl, this study adopts the Geo-Detector based on spatial variation analysis of the geographical strata in order to assess the impact of planning on urban sprawl. It finds that planning is strongly correlated with urban sprawl, in other words, urban sprawl is kind of a "planned sprawl" in Shanghai. The research concludes with future planning policies necessary for a more sustainable and compact development pattern.     

土地利用规划体系研究

中国土地利用规划体系的主要问题是区域规划、土地利用规划和城市规划各成体系,以各级行政区为单位编制的土地利用总体规划没有很好的整合区域社会经济发展对土地的需求,僵化的控制指标与区域社会经济的发展不相适应;同时由于土地利用总体规划与城市规划相脱节,难以有效地控制城市用地规模.因此,土地利用规划管理的发展方向应是整合土地利用规划体系,将区域规划、土地利用规划和城市规划融为一体;重视城市土地利用规划和乡村土地利用规划等控制性土地利用详细规划的编制和实施.     

英国城乡规划体系及农村规划管理的经验与启示

[目的]对英国城乡规划体系及农村规划管理的发展历程、基本经验和主要特点进行归纳总结,分析其对我国当前加强农业与农村规划管理、推进城乡统筹发展、促进新型城镇化建设的启示和借鉴意义。[方法]基于赴英国进行城乡规划体系及农村规划管理与保护方面的实地考察、培训以及相关文献的综述分析。[结果]英国城乡规划体系建立缘于其解决城镇化发展过程所产生的"大城市病"问题,其发展经历了多次修改和调整,目前形成了"区域空间战略"和"地方发展框架"两级规划结构;英国的城乡规划体系十分注重对农村地区和小城镇的规划管理和保护,形成了一系列重要规则和制度。[结论]英国在城镇化发展过程中,完整地保存了传统乡村的历史建筑、风土文化和景观环境,值得充分学习和借鉴。当前,在统筹城乡发展和推进新型城镇化建设过程中,应充分发挥规划的引导作用和社会公众的参与作用,高度重视对农业与农村的保护和规划管理,同时要注重基于中国国情的再创新。     

Planning the horticultural sector: Managing greenhouse sprawl in the Netherlands

Greenhouses are a typical example of peri-urban land-use, a phenomenon that many planning systems find difficult to address as it mixes agricultural identity with urban appearance. Despite its urban appearance, greenhouse development often manages to evade urban containment policies. But a ban on greenhouse development might well result in under-utilisation of the economic value of the sector and its potential for sustainability. Specific knowledge of the urban and rural character of greenhouses is essential for the implementation of planning strategies. This paper analyses Dutch planning policies for greenhouses. It concludes with a discussion of how insights from greenhouse planning can be applied in other contexts involving peri-urban areas.     

长株潭两型社会建设中统筹城乡发展问题探讨

文章对长株潭两型社会建设中统筹城乡发展问题进行了积极、深入的探讨。分析了统筹城乡发展与试验区两型社会建设的关系,通过相关协调发展指标量化评价了长株潭统筹城乡发展的现状,指出了城乡统筹发展的难点和瓶颈,由此提出长株潭两型社会建设中统筹城乡发展的对策建议,为推进长株潭试验区改革建设提供有力的决策参考。     

关于城市发展战略规划未来趋势的思考

以探索城市发展战略规划的发展趋势为目的，通过对城市发展起重要作用的总体规划、战略规划及近期建设规划在工作内容、编制特点、发挥的效用等方面进行比较，认为战略规划在区域层面上的优势不可替代，应上升为区域规划层次才能起到解决城市自身发展问题的作用；对战略规划提出完善措施。     

运用规划手段不断提高城市土地使用效率

研究目的是针对我国城市化进程中土地供需矛盾日趋尖锐的状况 ,探讨提高城市土地使用效率的城市规划方法 ;研究方法是综合分析城市规划对城市土地使用效率的影响因素 ;研究结论是提出综合运用规划手段提高城市土地使用效率的一些措施。