金融全球化进程中金融风险的防范与化解(英文)

在全球金融化的进程中,金融活动在全球范围内得到扩展和深化,同时每个金融主体也面临着不同程度的风险,很多因素都可能加强金融风险,其中包括人为因素和系统因素。而包括中国在内的发展中国家在抵御可能的风险方面能力较弱,所以我们更加需要采取正确并积极的方式来抵御金融风险。     

金融全球化进程中金融风险的防范与化解

在全球金融化的进程中,金融活动在全球范围内得到扩展和深化,同时每个金融主体也面临着不同程度的风险,很多因素都可能加强金融风险,其中包括人为因素和系统因素.而包括中国在内的发展中国家在抵御可能的风险方面能力较弱,所以我们更加需要采取正确并积极的方式来抵御金融风险.     

Microfinance institutions,financial intermediation and the role of deposits

Microfinance institutions (MFIs), widely regarded as bankers to the poor, have extended their financial functions beyond lending to managing deposits. We empirically examine the influence of MFI deposit-taking on MFI financial performance. Using data of 1,301 MFIs worldwide, we find that an MFI's deposit level is an important determinant of its financial viability. However, the relationship is influenced by MFIs’ institutional type (for-profit or nonprofit) and the legal environment (common law or civil law). The results suggest that the positive financial impact of deposits has not been fully realised, reflecting the need to further improve cost management and revenue generation.     

The role of Ghanaian churches in the financial rehabilitation of the poor: Implications for re-visiting the social mission of religious institutions

The article examines the role of Ghanaian churches in the financial rehabilitation of the poor. It offers a critical analysis of the biblical mandate of the Church to promote social justice, and highlights the efforts made by selected Ghanaian churches in alleviating poverty through their social programs. The article examines the potential of the Church, particularly its untapped resources that could be used to promote alternative development programs, such as micro-financing. The article recommends that the state form strategic alliance with the Church to promote micro-financing in Ghana. It concludes that despite some of the criticisms leveled against the Church, it is an institution with untapped potential to assist the poor, regardless of political, ethnic, gender, religious or class distinction.     

金融机构的资金管理

金融机构必须在整合服务提供商与需要向客户提供广泛服务两者之间取得平衡. 金融机构在选择服务提供商时,应当考虑其他资金管理工具不仅是基本的存放国外同业账户(nostro)的服务提供及其相关成本.     

The economics of conflicts of interest in financial institutions

A conflict of interest exists when a party to a transaction can gain by taking actions that are detrimental to its counterparty. This paper examines the growing empirical literature on the economics of conflicts of interest in financial institutions. Economic analysis shows that, although conflicts of interest are omnipresent when contracting is costly and parties are imperfectly informed, there are important factors that mitigate their impact and, strikingly, it is possible for customers of financial institutions to benefit from the existence of such conflicts. The empirical literature reaches conclusions that differ across types of conflicts of interest but are overall more ambivalent and certainly more benign than the conclusions drawn by journalists and politicians from mostly anecdotal evidence.     

Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature

Financial cooperatives play an important role in the financial systems of many countries. They act as a safe haven for deposits and are major sources of credit for households and small- and medium-sized firms. A not-for-profit orientation (in many cases) and a focus on maximising benefits to members have ensured the enduring popularity and sustainability of financial cooperatives. This is particularly evident since the global financial crisis when financial cooperatives continued to extend credit to members as many profit-orientated commercial banks restricted credit to households and firms. The overarching theme of the first part of this review is the structural and behavioural characteristics of financial cooperatives. In this part we consider, the origin and diffusion of financial cooperatives, network arrangements, the business model, relationship banking, balancing the interest of members, tax treatment and regulatory framework. The second part has performance and contribution to the real economy as the overarching theme. In this part we consider, efficiency and sustainability, mergers, acquisitions and failures, the benefits (and challenges) of FinTech and the contribution of financial cooperatives to the real economy including during times of crisis. The paper concludes with a summary of what we now know (and do not know) about financial cooperatives and provides suggestions as to where future research may usefully concentrate.     

The determinants of cost efficiency in cooperative financial institutions: Australian evidence

Previous studies of efficiency in cooperative financial institutions assume subsidies to be a normal part of business operations. Using a sample of Australian credit unions (CUs) this paper shows that ignoring subsidies biases estimates of cost efficiency and efficiency rankings. Time varying cost efficiency is estimated using stochastic frontier and generalised WITHIN approaches and compared with the distribution free (DF) approach assuming constant efficiency. Despite significant industry rationalisation, average efficiency shows little improvement over the period 1985–1993, however efficiency rankings change considerably. Second stage regressions suggest bond type, size, age, average deposit size and interest rate spreads are significant determinants of relative cost efficiency.     

Spillovers in risk of financial institutions

ABSTRACT

We analyse the total and directional spillovers across a set of financial institution systemic risk state variables: credit risk, real estate market risk, interest rate risk, interbank liquidity risk and overall market risk. We examine the response of the spillover levels, within the set of systemic risk state variables, to a number of events in the financial markets and to initiatives undertaken by the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. The relationship between the time-varying spillovers and policy-related events is analysed using a multiple structural break estimation procedure and looking at the temporary increases in the spillover indices. Our sample includes five European Union countries: core countries France and Germany, periphery countries Spain and Italy, and a reference country, the UK. We show that national stock markets and real estate markets have a leading role in shock transmission across selected state variables. However, the role of the other variables reverses over the course of the crisis. We document that the total and net spillover indices react strongly to the events relating to financial assistance packages in Europe.     

应对金融全球化挑战:改革、创新与合作

一、金融全球化下的深刻金融变革 20世纪90年代以来,经济全球化进程大大加快,不仅使全球经济资源的配置以更为有效的方式突破了国家和地区间的人为藩篱,而且把一体化的全新概念和现代化的生产经营方式传播到世界每一个角落,成为当今世界经济发展不可阻挡的潮流.     

中国金融机构的使命

2006年11月中非合作论坛北京峰会上,胡锦涛主席宣布了对非合作八项重大举措,赢得了全场经久不息的掌声,建立中非发展基金便是其中的一项.不过半年多时间,今年6月26日,由国家开发银行出资并承办的中非发展基金有限公司在京正式开业.     

金融机构的重要性:理论反差与实证解析

标准的资产定价理论认为 ,投资者直接投资于金融市场 ,金融机构无足轻重 ;确保经理层“利为股东谋”的委托———代理关系是公司金融的核心问题。问题在于 :为何将资金委托给金融机构时不存在代理问题 ,而将资金委托给企业时却存在。本人认为 ,无论中介金融还是公司金融 ,都必须恰当考虑金融机构和金融市场的作用 ,并用正确理念指导具体问题的分析。     

Capital management in mutual financial institutions

Capital management by mutual financial institutions (such as credit unions) provides a valuable testing ground for assessing the impact of capital regulation and theories of managerial behaviour in financial institutions. Limited access to external equity capital means that capital accumulation must be met primarily by reliance on retained earnings. To deal with shocks to the capital position and avoid breaching regulatory requirements, managers will aim to have a buffer of capital in excess of the regulatory minimum. Moreover, mutual governance arrangements and an absence of capital market discipline mean that managers have discretion to set target capital ratios which differ significantly from industry averages. This paper develops a formal model of capital management and risk management in mutual financial institutions such as credit unions which reflects these industry characteristics. The model is tested using data from larger credit unions in Australia, which have been subject to the Basel Accord Risk Weighted Capital Requirements since 1993. The data supports the hypothesis that credit unions manage their capital position by setting a short term target profit rate (return on assets) which is positively related to asset growth and which is aimed at gradually removing discrepancies between the actual and desired capital ratio. Desired capital ratios vary significantly across credit unions. There is little evidence of short run adjustments to the risk of the asset portfolio to achieve a desired capital position.     

金融企业审计委员会的职能与运作

审计委员会是公司治理结构的重要组成部分,能有效协调委托人与代理人之间的关系.金融企业因其内在脆弱性,对审计委员会的要求更加突出.本文根据普华永道的调研资料,对金融企业审计委员会的四个主要职能以及审计委员会的建立与运作进行了详细介绍.     

新农村金融机构设立路径

自2006年12月20日中国银监会颁布《关于调整放宽农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策,更好支持社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》,降低农村金融机构准入门槛以来,农村金融领域备受关注.2007年3月1日,国内第一批新型农村金融机构设立,至目前为止已经有村镇银行、贷款公司和农村资金互助合作组织等共15家新机构陆续成立.     

Restoring confidence in troubled financial institutions after a financial crisis

After an unprecedented number of banks suspended operations in the during Panic of 1893, the head regulator of banks chartered by the United States government allowed about 100 banks to reopen after certifying their solvency. We evaluate whether actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad assets, and/or inject capital affected bank survival and deposit retention. This historical episode is particularly informative because there was no expectation of government intervention. We find that contracting with depositors provided short-term benefits while dealing with bad assets was key for long-run viability.