主权信用评级的影响、现状及发展对策研究

主权信用评级对主权债务的违约可能性进行评估。它影响一个国家在国际市场上的融资成本,并通过传导机制影响一国的金融安全。目前的国际主权信用评级体系存在市场结构、技术结构、收费模式和监管等结构性的缺陷。我国亟须发展具有公信力的主权信用评级体系,积极参与国际评级监管,促进国内信用评级市场的规范发展,鼓励民族品牌做强,争取国际金融领域的话语权     

防范化解债务风险背景下地方政府信用评级研究

随着地方政府债券规模越来越大，中国防范化解债务风险的压力也随之增大。依据国际经验和中国实际情况，建立一套科学、合理和完善的地方政府信用评级体系，是中国债券市场健康发展及有效防范化解债务风险的关键。本文在总结美国、日本和印度等国家地方政府信用评级经验的基础上，通过对2022年度中国存量地方政府债券和各省份经济主体债券发行的违约率、违约损失率、发行票面利率和发行利差进行实证分析，发现目前中国地方政府债券信用评级区分度明显不够，在防范化解政府债务风险方面基本处于失效状态，其根本原因在于缺乏地方政府债券本身违约率检验、地方政府及其债券信息披露不充分和评级理念未与时俱进等。本文最后就中国地方政府信用评级提出若干改进建议。     

浅析债券违约对信用评级机构的影响

基于中国债券市场的违约事件,本文在国内外研究基础上,进一步探讨债券违约原因及应如何看待债券违约.接着基于声誉的考虑、理性人假设探讨债券违约对信用评级机构的影响,并就信用评级的局限做了分析,最后对评级机构的应对提出了建议.     

商业信用评级模型的构建与优化 ——P公司案例研究

赊销带来的商业信用违约现象长期影响着中国企业的资金链，导致企业承担居高不下的坏账成本。本文从客户信用评级入手，以P公司商业信用管理为案例，研究信用评级模型的构建与优化。研究结果表明，信用评级需要综合考虑客户的财务因素和非财务因素、定量因素与定性因素，同时，运用统计方法（多元排序选择模型）可以有效优化信用评级模型，能改善评级预测准确性，能为评级指标的选取与权重设计等提供重要参考依据。     

违约事件频发下的债券评级制度完善建议

信用评级制度通过向广大投资者提供真实可靠的信息改善资本市场尤其是债券市场的运作效率.相比发达国家,我国信用评级业面临的市场和制度环境都很不完善.尤其2014年出现了首例违约债券后,违约事件的频发给市场造成极度恐慌,加速了信用评级业弊端的暴露,因此更加要求我们完善信用评级制度,确保市场平稳运行.     

影响国家主权评级因素的实证分析

主权信用评级是信用评级机构进行的对一国政府作为债务人履行偿债责任的信用意愿与信用能力的评判。从评价机构公布的众多影响因素中选取几个决定性因素,然后运用一个主权信用评级决定因素分析模型,并运用该模型实证分析了2011年93个国家标准普尔的国家信用评级数据。通过研究发现,一国曾经发生过违约事件对该国的主权信用评级有着明显的负面影响;而相对于发展中国家而言,发达国家的经济基本面变化对主权信用评级的影响程度较小,这与实际情况基本一致。     

我国企业债券信用评级体系存在的问题及其对策

信用评级是社会信用体系建设中的重要一环,是建立守信收益、失信惩戒机制的重要手段。本文选择企业债券的信用评级建设这个角度,对当前我国企业债券信用评级建设存在的问题进行了分析,结合存在的问题,笔者提出了解决问题的应对之策。     

基于Markov过程的信用评级转移矩阵的建立

信用评级转移矩阵是信用风险管理中重要的输入指标,对信用评级转移矩阵的有效预测已成为该领域中的一个关键问题。基于Markov过程的信用评级转移矩阵模型是当前应用较为广泛的转移矩阵估计方法,在介绍了信用评级转移矩阵建立的基本思想后,通过实例分析说明了信用评级转移矩阵的运用,并指出了当前信用评级转移矩阵运用中存在的问题。     

国外信用评级理论进展综述

本文首先阐述了当前信用评级的发展现状和遇到的问题,然后分别从信用评级稳定性研究与信用预测模型研究两条主线对近些年国外主要信用评级理论进行了概述,通过分析得出对我国信用评级发展具有借鉴价值。     

商业银行客户信用评级研究--基于平衡计分卡视角

信贷业务是国内商业银行的主营业务,客户信用评级作为控制商业银行信贷风险的重要一环是商业银行进行授信、贷款审批和贷后管理的基础。客户信用评级体系的开发和完善也成为了当前银行工作的重点。文章基于平衡计分卡的视角,针对当前商业银行客户信用评级管理的现状与不足,从四个方面对评级指标进行选取。同时使用层次分析法对指标体系进行权重分配并设定相应的评分标准和客户信用等级,最后通过案例分析对模型的操作性和有效性进行了验证。文章的评级模型并不同于国外研究论述的数学模型,其在操作上更加简便,信息获取也较为方便,更加适合当前我国商业银行借鉴和使用,因此也在一定程度上对我国商业银行客户信用评级体系的不断完善提供了参考意见。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。