论高职教育中的多元文化渗透

传统文化在形式上的崩解和技术文化的飞速更新,促进了其在以国家大力发展职业教育背景下的高职教育中的渗透,高职教育管理主体的多元更加剧了其渗透的趋势,并导致了高职教育价值取向的多元。     

论景德镇陶瓷非物质文化遗产的保护与传承

景德镇的制瓷业在中国陶瓷史上和世界陶瓷史上占据着极为重要的位置,千年的陶瓷发展历史形成了极具特色的景德镇陶瓷文化,随着时代的变迁,如何保护和传承景德镇非物质文化遗产,是一个重要的历史使命.本文简要分析了景德镇非物质文化遗产的保护与传承的现状、问题,并从文化创意的视角,提出了对策意见.     

旅游经济开发与无形文化保护刍议——兼评纳尔逊.格雷本的《无形遗产:如何保护?为谁保护?》一文

经济和文化历来有着内在和不可分割的联系,这已成为不争的事实.在我国,随着旅游产业及文化产业的飞速发展,无形文化的开发以及如何积极地保护无形文化资产现在也被提到了议事日程,"经济文化化"和"文化经济化"也成了学术界研究和争论的重要话题.本文通过评介美国人类学家纳尔逊·格雷本的《无形遗产:如何保护?为谁保护》一文,着重探讨了旅游产业开发及无形文化遗产保护之间的关系,并提出了无形文化的传承应由当地人自己,而不是外来者.     

非物质文化遗产的保护与开发--以满绣为例

在旅游纪念品消费市场中,地方性的旅游纪念品购买量在整个旅游产品消费市场中占重要地位。将带有民族性的满绣与旅游纪念品相融合不仅能传承满绣文化,与此同时还能增加旅游纪念品的多样性。在市场竞争日渐激烈的今天,打造核心竞争力才是企业是否获得利润的关键,大力开发带有地域性民族性的文化特色产品才是保证地方旅游经济可持续发展的有效途径。     

我国海洋生态文化遗产的保护与传承北大核心

海洋生态文化本质上是关注人与海洋协同发展的海洋文化,是海洋生态文明的核心内容。海洋生态文化遗产以物质和非物质的形式展现着长久以来人类的海洋生态文化智慧,对其进行有效地保护和传承是对传统海洋生态生活方式的延续,更是对当前我国海洋生态文明建设的重要推动。应当唤起社会和文化原生地对海洋生态文化遗产保护的共知、共识和互动,不断完善系统保护管理制度,健全政策法规和配套机制,建立科学的评价机制,并逐渐实现创新发展。     

论北京雍和宫旅游开发与文化遗产保护的关系

雍和宫是北京保存完好的藏传佛教寺庙。它以其特殊的历史和宗教地位保存下了多民族文化融为一体的宗教建筑、法物法器、佛像艺术等等,其文化内涵博大精深。目前,旅游热潮的持续升温和大批海内外游客的蜂拥而至,使雍和宫面临着巨大的压力与挑战。尤其在春节、农历的每月初一和十五,敬香的善男信女倍增,使其遭受到前所未有的冲击。因此,提出一些建设性的意见及措施,以期缓解旅游开发与文化遗产保护二者的矛盾,最终达到双赢的目的。     

中国的非物质文化遗产保护与文化革命的终结

非物质文化遗产保护在中国形成广泛参与的运动,以浓墨重彩重绘了中国的文化地图,创造了新的历史。它带着新的话语进来,用文化共享代替文化领域的思想斗争和社会排斥,重新高度肯定原来被历次革命所否定的众多文化事项的价值;它开启了新的社会进程,以文化共生的生态观念和相互承认的文化机制终结中国社会盛行近百年的文化革命,为近代以来在文化认同上长期自我扭曲的文化古国提供了文化自觉的方式,为民族国家的建设和公民社会的发展提供了公共文化的框架。     

文化领域中政府与市场的关系探析——基于无形文化与有形文化划分的视角

市场机制有效地推动了文化生产,但市场机制作用下文化生产的社会效益又往往被忽视。同时文化建设并不仅仅局限于文化产品与服务的生产,还体现为文化主体的价值观念、精神风貌以及行为方式上的无形文化的建设。无形文化领域直接作用于人们的思想意识,同时其经济效益难以直接衡量,因此更多需要政府直接干预或主导。有形文化领域中政府与市场关系的处理,应当根据产品的竞争性程度和排他性程度的不同予以区别对待。文化的发展繁荣不能放任市场机制作用,尤其是对于无形文化的建设,更不能放任市场机制作用。处理好文化领域政府与市场的关系,实现文化领域内市场机制和政府干预的有效互动,对于促进文化产业与文化事业的共同发展,实现经济效益与社会效益的统一,推动社会主义文化大发展、大繁荣,具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

非物质文化遗产的保护与经营问题研究

非物质文化遗产作为文化遗产的一个分支,是人类无比珍贵的历史文化教科书,我国具有丰厚的非物质文化遗产,保护与经营非物质文化遗产具有极其重要的意义。文章对非物质文化遗产的保护与经营中存在的问题进行分析,并提出保护和经营的指导思想与基本原则及若干政策建议。     

传统村落保护与美丽乡村建设刍议——基于非物质文化遗产保护视角

正建设美丽中国,重点和难点在乡村。从非物质文化遗产保护角度看,"美丽乡村"建设与近年来被纳入国家文化保护工作重点的"传统村落"保护有着异曲同工的契合点。传统村落,作为我国传统民族文化生发的文化空间及非物质文化遗产的重要载体,日益受到社会的关注,但是由于个别地方政府官员、村落居民等方面对传统村落的属性缺乏足够的认识,加之城镇化过程中的一些不当行为,使得传统村落的保护面临着严峻挑战。不过令人欣慰     

Coexistence of long-term and short-term contracts

We study the length of agreements in a market in which infinitely-lived firms contract with agents that live for two periods. Firms differ in the expected values of their projects, as do workers in their abilities to manage projects. Worker effort is not contractible and worker ability is revealed during the relationship. The market dictates the trade-off between sorting and incentives. Short- and long-term contracts often coexist: The best firms always use short-term contracts to hire high-ability senior workers, firms with less profitable projects use short-term contracts to save on the cost of hiring junior workers, whereas intermediate firms use long-term agreements to provide better incentives to their workers. We relate our results to the optimal assignment literature that follows Becker (1973).     

On the Coexistence of Banks and Markets*

We examine the coexistence of banks and financial markets by studying a credit market where the qualities of investment projects are not observable and the investment decisions of entrepreneurs are not contractible. Standard banks can alleviate moral‐hazard problems, while financial markets operated by investment banks can alleviate adverse‐selection problems. In competition, standard banks are forced to increase repayments, since financial markets can attract the highest‐quality borrowers. This, in turn, increases the share of shirkers and may make lending unprofitable for standard banks. The coexistence of financial markets and standard banks is socially inefficient. The same inefficiency may occur with the entrance of sophisticated banks, operating with a combination of rating and ongoing monitoring technologies.     

Coexistence of nonprofit, for-profit and public sector institutions

If nonprofit organizations are superior institutions in resolving informational asymmetry and resulting contract failure, why do nonprofit (NPs), for-profit (FPs) and government/public institutions (GPs) survive in the same industry? This article explicitly models the nonconvex budget set for the consumer that arises through the juxtaposition of the inefficiencies and contract failures that occur in the three sectors. Because the consumer is willing to trade quality for efficiency and price, varying market shares for NPs, FPs and GPs can exist in the same industry. The theory offered complements the functionalist explanation of the existence of nonprofits advanced by Weisbrod and Hansmann using a micro-analysis.     

论公有制与市场经济并行不悖

文章从历史考察入手 ,得出了“公有制与市场经济本来就并行不悖”的结论 ,澄清了长期以来人们思想认识上的一个误区 ;在此基础上 ,进一步分析了公有制与市场经济有机结合的理论和实践根据 ;最后 ,明确指出 :私有化不适合中国国情。     

高等教育与文化的和谐共在

基于高等教育对文化的选择和创造作用,文章分析了文化差异对高等教育所形成的影响;同时,从历史空间、社会系统、受众主体、批判功能和创新动力等维度来解读高等教育与文化和谐共在具象,以期寻找高等教育与文化互动关系的原点。     

Coexistence of GM and non-GM crops with endogenously determined separation

The possibility that genetically modified (GM) crops may contaminate non-GM crops through pollen-mediated gene flow presents a challenge to coexistence of GM agriculture with conventional and organic farming systems. In this paper an analytical model of coexistence is developed that allows for endogenous derivation of efficient widths and allocation of pollen barriers to limit contamination of non-GM crops. To reflect the uncertainty that surrounds pollen dispersal mechanisms the model contains a stochastic contamination function and safety rule decision mechanism, constraining the level of contamination to remain below a tolerated adventitious presence with a given probability. Two policies are considered and their performance is tested: the tolerance level of adventitious presence, and the allocation of responsibility for implementing coexistence measures to either GM or non-GM farmers. The relative size of GM rents (the value of productivity gains and the non-pecuniary benefits from GM crops), rents for identity preserved non-GM crops (price premiums realised over the GM crop price), characteristics of farms, and possible variation in agricultural landscapes are also taken into account. The findings indicate that conventional adventitious presence tolerances can be met without ex ante mandating large widths of pollen barriers. At the policy level, the findings of this paper are relevant for setting region-specific pollen barriers widths, and/or for establishing institutions that facilitate cooperative coexistence.     

“危”“机”并存的美国报业产业

美国报业产业近年来遇到前所未有的挑战,网络等新媒体的冲击导致报业公司收入大幅下降,呈现出成熟行业经历"创造性毁灭"的经典特征。"开源、节流"成为报业公司应对产业危机的两条重要思路;同时,报业企业也努力通过一系列的创新来应对挑战,谋求生存和发展。     

对当前经济增长与通货紧缩并存的考察

1998年至2002年,我国经济增长率分别为7.8%、7.1%、8.01%、7.3%、8.0%,而居民消费价格指数分别为0.8%、1.4%、0.4%、0.7%、-0.8%。可以看出,近5年来,我国经济在稳定增长中略有起伏,物价指数重新转负。一般认为,物价指数连续两季度为负可视为通货紧缩,因此当前我们的经济是可以称之为通货紧缩的。可见,目前我国经济宏观上面临着经济增长与通货紧缩并存的局面,也就是“缩长”现象。本文中,笔者在分析了“缩长”的成因后,提出从结构上调整财政政策与货币政策的着力点,再联系各微观经济行为主体来寻求应对当前经济问题的对策。一、“缩长”现象…     

Coexistence of Strategies and Culturally-Specific Common Knowledge: An Evolutionary Analysis

We analyze social dynamics in a continuous population where randomly matched individuals have to choose between two pure strategies only ('cooperate' (C) and 'not cooperate' (NC)). Individual payoffs associated with the possible outcomes of each interaction may differ across groups, depending on the specific social and cultural context to which each agent belongs. In particular, it is assumed that three sub-populations are initially present, 'framing' the game according to the prisoner's dilemma (PD), assurance game (AG) and other regarding (OR) payoff configurations, respectively. In other words, we assume that common knowledge about the payoffs of the game is 'culturally-specific'. In this context, we examine both the adoption process of strategies C and NC within each sub-population and the diffusion process of 'types' (PD, AG and OR) within the overall community. On the basis of an evolutionary game-theoretic approach, the paper focuses on the problem of coexistence of PD, AG and OR groups as well as of 'nice' (C) and 'mean' (NC) strategies. We show that coexistence between C and NC is possible in the heterogeneous community under examination, even if it is ruled out in homogeneous communities where only one of the three types is present. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

集聚生存与集成创新--论中小企业与金融业的融合发展

我国目前正在着力提高自主创新能力、集成创新能力和引进消化吸收再创新能力,他们是科学技术发展的战略基点和调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节.对集成创新能力进行研究必须深入考察中小企业集群为什么具有强大的生命力?中小企业集群令人瞩目的竞争优势在于其低成本和创新能力,纵观国内外中小企业集群的发展路径,无不是从低成本型向创新型转化.在这个过程中,金融业和以会计、法律服务、R＆D等为主要内容的生产性服务业功不可没.生产性服务业虽不直接参与对初级产品或半成品的加工生产,不能直接对消费者产生效应,但贯穿于生产过程的各个环节,与其融合、并为之服务.