Technological diffusion: European experience to 1850

This paper considers the diffusion of British technology to the Continent, especially France and Prussia, during the industrial revolution. Particular attention is paid to the various transmission mechanisms and to differences in the speed of diffusion. It is shown that the economic growth of a country and its absorption of foreign technology tends to follow a logistic curve. This suggests that linear and purely economic explanations of technological transmission may be inadequate.     

The role of cultural and creative industries in optimizing industrial structure under low-carbon emission constraint

In the post-financial crisis era,China is facing dual pressure from reducing carbon emissions and external demand stagnation.The industrial structure changing is in urgent needs.The cultural and creative industries can expand China＇s markets through creating and stimulating demands,and can reduce carbon emissions at the same time.By producing both demands and supplies,cultural and creative industries may lead the development of other industries.Since innovation plays a quite important role in the value chain,cultural and creative industries can promote the industrial upgrading and the industrial structure optimization by industrial convergence.     

Quantitative analysis on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development： a case study of Fujian Province

Development and sustainability are the core connotation of sustainable development. Sustainability of economic development and the provision capability of resources and environment are two aspects of sustainable development. The former ones are the foundation of the latter ones＇. Industrial structure has a close relationship with sustainable development. The optimization of industrial structure is the important base for the sustainable development of modern economy and also the important ways of the sustainable utilization of resources and environment; The intensive growth effect of industrial structure change has the meaning of sustainable development. This paper reviews and explains the theory on the contribution of indus＇trial structure change to sustainable development, builds the calculation model through introducing the coefficient of industrial structure change, makes an empirical study on the contribution of industrial structure change to sustainable development in Fujian, and puts forward ways and policies of optimizing industrial structure both among industries and inside the industry in the process of industrial structure change.     

Technological innovation and diffusion of wind power in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the diffusion of wind power in Japan by focusing on the value chain and the interaction between technology and markets and to contribute towards recommendations on technology policy and management. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the early stage diffusion of wind power systems by combining the use of several approaches considering wind power system as a complex technological system. Firstly, the business system approach is used as an analytical framework by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and development criteria. As a second approach, the technological trajectory was analyzed based on the concept of technological disequilibrium and the evolutionary patterns of innovation of wind power generation systems were analyzed and the relationship between innovations at the sub-system, modular, and system level was identified. We apply the framework to investigate why wind power diffusion has not picked up momentum in Japan.The results include the following: (1) Technological imbalances within the product system were solved by technological innovation (2) The wind power business in Japan is insufficiently effective due to organizational disequilibrium (3) The technology system has begun to evolve in the direction of micro grid systems. (4) It is important to consider the demand-pull measures for wind power generation so that Japanese institution can have a “time slot” for ”learning by doing” to catch up and accelerate diffusion of wind power generation, including institutional reform of RPS law. Also further technological development related to stabilizing unstable wind energy is required.     

Technological evolution and economic instability: Theoretical simulations

This paper aims to study those firms which have similar characteristics at the beginning of time. The objective is to observe the relation that exists between technological evolution, firms' performances and economic instability. This is done using an adaptation of the Nelson and Winter model, in order to show the possibility of various growth trajectories, and also to underline the heterogeneity of the firms. This heterogeneity corresponds to a period of economic instability, and itself only exists as a result of the specific nature of the technological trend. The theoretical interest lies in using the structures/performances relation, by according a central place to innovation.     

金融深化、技术进步与产业结构——基于海洋经济的PVAR分析

基于我国沿海地区11个省份的面板数据,构建金融深化、技术进步与产业结构三者关系面板向量自回归模型进行实证分析。首先,回归数据表明海洋经济中,金融发展水平对技术进步与产业结构优化存在一定的抑制作用,而技术进步则显著促进了产业结构的优化;其次,通过脉冲响应函数的分析,可见三者相互影响的关系存在长效机制;最后,通过方差分解发现,三者都存在较强的自我强化机制,但其对另外两者的贡献率都偏低。因此在海洋经济的发展过程中,要调整金融资源的配置效率,建立金融支持的长效机制,企业要加强科研创新,以技术进步拉动产业结构的优化升级,从而在海洋经济中建立起三者结合的良性循环机制。     

Technological change and institutional inertia: a game-theoretic approach

In this paper, we study a co-evolutionary model of economic change at two hierarchical levels. At the lower level, institutions are given and the focus is on how resources are allocated and innovation produced in response to the pay-off structure induced by prevailing institutions. At the higher level, it is the institutions themselves that change as the outcome of a process of social bargaining. The main objective of the paper is to study the interaction between these two levels of change, attempting to provide some insight on issues like technological/institutional divergence, technological dead-end, institutional inertia, etc.It appears that evolutionary economics must be the theory of a process of cultural growth as determined by the economic interest, a theory of a cumulative sequence of economic institutions stated in the terms of the process itself. Thorstein Veblen (1898, p. 393).This work was undertaken while the author was a Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.     

Technological interdependence and knowledge diffusion in the building of national innovative capacity: The role of Taiwan's chemical industry

While the significance and effectiveness of patents in the chemical industry has been demonstrated in many industrialized countries, this study examines the role of the chemical industry and knowledge diffusion in building the innovative capacity of a nation in latecomer country Taiwan. The development of process innovation plays an integral role in the strategic industries of Taiwan, but few attempts have been made to address how the efficiency of process development can be enhanced. As a latecomer, Taiwan has built its national innovative capability on strategic industries such as semiconductors, consumer electronics and flat panel displays. Through patent data analysis, this study demonstrates the significant and indispensable role played by the chemical industry in technological interdependence and knowledge diffusion with other Taiwanese strategic industries. This study suggests that while the public resources of Taiwan are focused on accelerating the development of emerging sectors and technologies, the chemical industry serves as an effective linkage and catalyst in problem-solving.     

Technological diversification and firm's techno-economic structure: An assessment of Canon's sustainable growth trajectory

Contrary to the decrease in operating income to sales (OIS) in Japan's electrical machinery firms, Canon has demonstrated its increasing trend with increase of its technological diversification. These contrasts and Canon's conspicuous functionality development suggest that a virtuous cycle between its technological diversification strategy and increase in OIS can be the source of its sustainable growth.Prompted by this hypothetical view, this paper attempts to assess Canon's sustainable growth trajectory by elucidating a mechanism of its technological diversification system through an effective utilization of potential resources in innovation. By means of an epidemic function, the new approach for assessing marginal productivity of technology as well as functionality development is developed. Utilizing this approach, comparative empirical analyses are conducted focusing on the consequence of technological diversification and development trajectory in Japan's leading electrical machinery firms over the last two decades.     

Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims

Understanding the emergence of innovation systems is recently put central in research analysing the process of technological change. Especially the key activities that are important for the build up of an innovation system receive much attention. These are labelled ‘functions of innovation systems’. This paper builds on five empirical studies, related to renewable energy technologies, to test whether the functions of innovation systems framework is a valid framework to analyse processes of technological change. We test the claim that a specific set of functions is suitable. We also test the claim made in previous publications that the interactions between system functions accelerate innovation system emergence and growth. Both claims are confirmed.     

信息扩散、产业集聚与区域技术创新绩效——基于2005-2018年区域面板数据的动态分析

为了探索信息扩散、产业集聚与技术创新绩效间的动态影响关系,寻找影响地区经济发展及技术创新驱动的主要因素,使用2005—2018年我国区域面板数据,采用VAR模型、面板数据模型及状态空间模型,对信息扩散、产业集聚与技术创新绩效关系进行分析。研究发现：①产业集聚对技术创新绩效的边际影响力呈倒U形曲线,而信息扩散对技术创新绩效的边际影响力呈递增趋势,信息扩散对产业集聚的边际影响力呈线性增长态势,而技术创新绩效对产业集聚的边际影响力呈倒U形曲线;②不同地区信息扩散与产业集聚对技术创新绩效的影响效应依次为东部地区＞中部地区＞西部地区,且东部和中部地区的信息扩散对技术创新绩效的影响大于产业集聚的影响,西部地区的产业集聚对技术创新绩效的影响大于信息扩散的影响;③不同地区信息扩散与技术创新绩效对产业集聚的影响效应依次为东部地区＞中部地区＞西部地区,且东部地区的技术创新绩效对产业集聚的影响大于信息扩散的影响,中部和西部地区信息扩散对产业集聚的影响大于技术创新绩效的影响。     

Contagion effects of electronic commerce diffusion: Perspective from network analysis of industrial structure

This study presents a quantitative method for investigating the diffusion of e-commerce adoption using social network analysis methodologies. The contagion effects on innovation diffusion are examined by two different social network models: the cohesion model, which is based on diffusion by direct communication, and the structural equivalence model, which is based on diffusion by similarity of network position. This study then empirically examines a sample of e-commerce diffusion taken from the Taiwan's industrial structure in 2001. The analytical results show that e-commerce diffusion among firms in Taiwan exhibits both contagion effects, but that the mimetic behavior is predicted better by network position than by interactions with others.     

The diffusion of mobile telephony in Italy and the UK: an empirical investigation

Since its appearance mobile telephony has shown a remarkably fast diffusion pattern in most advanced countries. This paper investigates technological and economic factors that have influenced the diffusion process of cellular phones, in particular the diffusion speed and the upper limit. The epidemic model widely used in diffusion studies is summarised and discussed highlighting the evolutionary disequilibrium nature of diffusion processes. Moreover, the econometric specification of some of the models distinguishes between long-run relationships and short-run adjustments to a continuously evolving pattern. We find that the new digital technology, which coincides with increased competition in both Italy and the UK, has made the process faster and increased the saturation level in Italy, but not in the UK; in Italy only the decreasing price of the handset has affected the diffusion process, whereas we find that, in addition to that, decreasing tariffs and increasing consumption expenditures have been significant in shaping the diffusion process of mobile telephony in the UK.     

Technological change and path dependence: a co-evolutionary model on a directed graph

In this paper, I model technological change as an evolutionary process of generation and selection of economic activities in a highly path-dependent fashion. There are two key features of our approach. The first is that economic activities are conceived as points of a directed graph and endowed with a corresponding notion of technological distance which determines both the probability of invention of any new activity and the cost of learning it. The second feature is that agents are assumed rational and taken to choose optimally from among the available activities, given the status quo and the associated learning costs. In such a context, we focus on two economies that start off technologically close and evolve side by side with some extent of technological diffusion across them. It is shown that alternative assumptions on the speed of diffusion may have drastically different implications for the evolution of the process. I then argue that this theoretical analysis helps provide some insight on existing empirical evidence; in particular, on the conditions under which relative stagnation or technological catch-up may arise and become consolidated among different economies.     

产业协同集聚、技术创新与经济增长——一个中介效应模型

提出生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚通过技术创新促进经济增长的理论机制,并基于2009—2018年中国省级面板数据,利用中介效应模型探究产业协同集聚通过技术创新对经济增长的影响。结果表明,产业协同集聚对经济增长具有直接促进作用,并通过促进技术创新发挥积极部分中介效应,即产业协同集聚可以促进经济增长由传统模式向创新驱动模式转型。基于行业异质性,高端生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚通过区域创新对经济增长的部分中介效应强度高于传统生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚。     

新疆工业结构变动对环境的影响分析

将新疆的工业按行业分类汇总为六大行业,描述了新疆工业结构的变动状况和独特的环境状况,在定性分析与定量分析结合的基础上,选用1995—2007年相应的六大工业行业产值与工业＂三废＂典型指标的统计数据,利用灰色关联度的分析方法研究了新疆工业结构变动对环境的影响,并在此分析上给出了一些调整新疆工业结构的建议。     

货币政策与财政政策的区域产业结构调整效应比较

本文运用1978—2007年东、中、西部的面板数据分析。货币政策和财政政策是否具有区域产业结构调整效应结果显示:第一,财政政策具有产业结构调整效应,而货币政策的产业结构调整效应并不明显。第二,货币政策在对第一和第三产业的效应方面强于财政政策,而财政政策则在对第二产业的效应方面具有优势。第三,货币政策和财政政策对三次产业的效应都存在比较明显的区域效应。第四,在东部地区货币政策和财政政策对第一产业和第二产业的效应相差非常悬殊,而对第三产业的效应则集中在高位;在中部地区货币政策和财政政策对第二产业的效应集中在高位;在西部地区货币政策对第一产业的效应集中在高位,而财政政策对第一产业的效应则集中在低位。     

Technological change in niches: Auxiliary Power Units and the hydrogen economy

In studies of large scale systems innovations or technological transitions, niches have been given a prominent role as incubators for the seeds of future technological systems. It is often argued that immature technologies rely on niches for their development, before they are able to compete in mainstream markets. This paper combines insights from economic theory and from technology studies to formulate a framework for understanding the dynamics of technological change in niches, and applies this framework to the case of fuel cell Auxiliary Power Units (APUs). We conclude that the choice of technology for APUs will be of critical importance in determining the role this market could have in shaping future developments in hydrogen and fuel cells. However, a number of factors are not strictly dependent on the technology used in fuel cell APUs. These comprise factors influencing external economies of scale, network effects, the behaviour of users and expectations.     

内生技术变迁视角下金融发展与产业结构升级

基于内生技术变迁视角,采用1985—2016年中国产业结构升级、金融发展、劳动力、技术创新相关数据,建立VAR模型进行脉冲响应函数分析和方差分解,并进一步构建VEC模型。结果表明：金融发展与产业结构升级具有长期均衡且显著为正的关系,同时产业结构升级和技术创新对金融发展扰动的响应具有滞后性。从长期看,金融发展对产业结构升级的贡献度超过劳动力。从短期看,金融发展与产业结构升级短期偏离修正系数较小,恢复均衡的速度较慢,且金融发展对产业结构升级的短期波动具有显著影响。     

A research on the evolvement of industrial structure and economic growth of He'nan Province, China

This paper,based on the investigation of the statisties in the years of 1980-2005,using Shift-Share Method model,studies systematically the relation between the evolution of industrial structure and regional economic growth in five economic regions in He'nan to offer the foundation of policy for optimizing the industrial structure and promoting regional economic development in phase,and thereby comes to the conclusions:(1) the industrial structure level of He'nan,in comparison with the evolution of the industrial structure across the country,remains low,but yet the evolutional tendency of industrial structure in He'nan complies with the Clark law of the industrial structure evolution,(2)thespatial difference of He'nan industrial structure evolution is comparatively large,(3)the evolution of industrialstructure in He'nan that influences economic growth can be categorized into three types:in eastern and southern regions.the shift-share of the industrial structure is negative,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is negative:in western and central regions,the shift-share of the industrial structure is positive,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is positive;in northern regions,the shift-share of the industrial structure is positive,and the shift-share model of competitiveness is negative;(4) the evolution of industrial structure influences greatly the development of the regional economy of He'nan.As the results of the researches shown,it can claim that the technological innovation of He'nan traditional industry with high-tech,the vast development of the tertiary industry,the expansion of He'nan overall level of industrial structure,the growth of deep-processing manufacturing of agricultural products,and the increase of He'nan agricultural products subsidiary value will be the strategic choices of the rearrangement of He'nan industrial structure.