50m长钢轨运输车组侧向通过道岔动力学仿真

随着我国高速铁路技术在国外的推广应用,特别是印尼雅万高速铁路已确定采用国内的50m长钢轨,国内各钢厂均提出了50m长钢轨铁路运输需求,而50m长钢轨尚无铁路普通平车运输方案。为解决50m长钢轨铁路安全运输问题,基于50 m长钢轨普通平车运输装载加固方案,建立长钢轨运输车组动力学模型和道岔模型,采用仿真软件SIMPACK对50m长钢轨运输车组侧向通过9号、12号道岔的安全性进行仿真研究。结果表明:50m长钢轨运输车组侧向通过道岔时的动力学性能满足我国铁路相关技术标准,为铁路线路试验提供理论支撑。     

普通平车运输55m长60D40道岔轨的挠度分析

55 m长60D40道岔轨是制造62号高速道岔的基础轨,在运输中采用与50m长道岔轨混装、基于50 m长60D40、60AT、60TY钢轨的装载加固运输方案。由于55 m长60D40道岔轨采用了大悬臂、大跨度的装载结构,若其挠度过大将会影响运输方案的安全性。通过钢轨挠度的理论计算,验证了55 m长60D40道岔轨装载加固方案的钢轨挠度满足运输安全要求,运输方案的推广应用取得良好效果。     

普通平车运输50m长道岔轨的装载方案研究

针对T11型钢轨运输专用车、长大货物平车不能满足50 m长道岔轨的运输需求,根据<铁路货物装载加固规则>的技术条件,选择车辆,设计并布置座架,提出普通平车运输50 m长道岔轨的装载加固方案.根据结构力学的力法原理,建立垂向力学模型,推导出连挂车辆垂向力计算方程组,并编制程序计算车辆承重,分析钢轨挠度,确定普通平车编组连挂方案,并经过试验验证装载方案的可行性.     

我国铁路客运专线42号道岔运输方案研究

我国客运专线所采用的42号道岔,由于其超长特性和弹性钢轨与刚性辙叉的组合特性,给运输方案的制订提出更高的技术要求。借鉴普通平车装运长钢轨的运输技术,经过理论计算,研究制订了普通平车装运42号道岔的运输方案。该方案的研制和应用为客运专线大型道岔的铁路运输探索了一种新的运输方式,对货物运输装载加固技术的创新和发展具有积极的推动作用。     

42号道岔转辙器及长导轨运输方案研究

根据42号道岔的组成及结构特点,从装载方式和加固方式2个方面设计42号道岔转辙器及长导轨运输方案。在长钢轨运输技术的基础上,利用42号道岔转辙器及长导轨侧向刚度小的结构特点,制订4辆普通平车跨装运输方案,并且从垂向载荷、横向加固强度和纵向加固强度3个角度计算分析42号道岔转辙器及长导轨的装载加固强度,结果表明该运输方案满足运输安全要求。     

普通平车运输长钢轨的有限元分析

根据普通平车运输长钢轨的装载加固方式,基于有限元软件ANSYS建立钢轨有限元模型,分别计算普通平车运输长钢轨通过圆曲线和S曲线轨道时,长钢轨产生的应力应变和横向力。计算结果表明,钢轨最大应力值小于钢轨许用应力;钢轨有限元横向力值略大于小挠度理论计算结果,采用普通平车运输长钢轨可以保证安全运输。     

18m长出口钢轨采用普通平车装运优化方案研究

随着我国钢轨生产质量的提高,钢轨出口量也逐年上升,为解决原18m长出口钢轨普通平车装运方案存在的装载量低、运输成本高等问题,阐述出口钢轨装运现状,充分考虑18m长出口钢轨的长度和规格,依据《铁路货物装载加固规则》的技术要求,研究提出一种"低-高-低-…-低"交错承载方式的18m长出口钢轨采用普通平车装运优化方案,该优化方案充分考虑各型号出口钢轨特性、有效利用车辆载重能力,可以成倍提高装载量和运输效率,减少车辆使用,降低运输成本。试验结果表明该优化方案满足安全运输要求。     

普通平车运输100 m长定尺钢勒新型座架设计及有限元分析

随着铁路建设的不断发展,100 m长定尺钢轨的需求越来越大.100 m长定尺钢轨主要采用普通平车通过座架承载形式运输,针对既有座架存在的隔梁装卸不便、易损坏和丢失等问题,进行了新型座架设计,使钢轨装载量由原来的50根提高到56根,通过座架受力分析和结构有限元分析,说明新型座架结构满足铁路运输的强度和刚度要求.     

普通平车运输100m长定尺钢轨新型座架设计及有限元分析

随着铁路建设的不断发展,100 m长定尺钢轨的需求越来越大。100 m长定尺钢轨主要采用普通平车通过座架承载形式运输,针对既有座架存在的隔梁装卸不便、易损坏和丢失等问题,进行了新型座架设计,使钢轨装载量由原来的50根提高到56根,通过座架受力分析和结构有限元分析,说明新型座架结构满足铁路运输的强度和刚度要求。     

D38型钳夹车托钩方式运输大型设备通过复式交分道岔的测试分析

对D_(38)型钳夹车采用托钩方式运输大型设备通过复式交分道岔时,货车和托钩的受力情况进行了分析,经与相关试验对比分析后,确认D_(38)型钳夹车托钩方式运输大型设备,以5km/h的速度通过复式交分道岔是可以保证运输安全的。     

How rural is too rural for transit? Optimal transit subsidies and supply in rural areas

The optimal supply of rail and bus in low density areas is studied by calibrating a demand and supply model with three modes (car, bus and rail) to an existing low density corridor. Varying the length of the network, the frequencies and the size of the populations, allows to study the trade-off between the consumer surplus losses of the public transport users and the transit operation and maintenance costs savings. We find that for an existing rail network, the optimization of frequency is the prime source of welfare gains. The rail network is marginally beneficial in the sense that keeping the network is welfare improving as long as there is no major repair or replacement investment needed. When population in the smaller towns decreases strongly, it becomes welfare improving to close the existing rail network but a bus service remains beneficial for at least part of the network.     

Modeling hazardous materials risks for different train make-up plans

This paper is concerned with the problem of how to place hazardous material cars in the train assembly process so that the overall derailment risk can be minimized. The approach considers both the probability of railway cars derailing en route by position as well as the risk associated with additional operations in the rail yard using recent US FRA data. The merits of this car placement model are illustrated through a case study of a railway corridor that connects Los Angeles (CA) to Chicago (IL). The case study demonstrates that the proposed risk minimization strategy could be implemented with minimal rail yard operation cost.     

Environmental benefits of air–rail intermodality: The example of Madrid Barajas

The environmental impact of transport is a growing issue in transport infrastructure planning. The construction of a high-speed rail station at the Madrid Barajas Airport in Spain is an example of the integration of different transportation modes, with expected environmental benefits. We construct a model to assess modal choice and environmental benefits. The results show that with high-speed rail the number of people choosing air travel and the private car is reduced leading to important environmental benefits: a reduction of close to 5 kg of CO₂ per passenger, or 10% of all emissions on the corridor. Our results also show that increasing the cost of using the private car is picked up by air transport rather than high-speed rail, leading to an increase in total emissions.     

The Gothenburg congestion charge scheme: A pre–post analysis of commuting behavior and travel satisfaction

The article uses the Gothenburg congestion charge scheme, implemented in 2013, as a case study to analyze the effects and perceptions of a policy instrument directly aimed to change the travel behavior of individuals. For the study, a survey was conducted including measures of commuting habits, attitudes (toward the congestion charge, the environment, automobility, and public transport), and satisfaction with travel, along with socio-demographic and geographical variables. The survey was distributed to a panel of 3500 car owners in the Gothenburg region before the implementation of the scheme, with a follow-up one year later. The analysis use group comparisons and a binary logistic regression analysis and results show that the difference in accessibility of different societal functions using private versus public transport affected the propensity to reduce car travel, whereas socio-demographic variables had a low statistical significance, with the exception of women who were twice as likely to reduce their car travel than men. All studied groups reported a more positive view of the scheme at follow-up, although this effect was more pronounced among those adapting their commuting behavior. In none of the studied groups did the implementation of the congestion charge scheme correlate with any significant change in satisfaction with travel.     

Modelling the joint access mode and railway station choice

This study models the choices of Dutch railway users. We find a steeper negative distance effect on the utility of departure stations accessed by the non-motorized modes of walking and bicycle as compared to the motorized modes of car and public transport. Availability of parking places and bicycle standing areas have a positive effect on the choice of departure railway stations accessed by car and bicycle, respectively. Public transport frequency has a positive whereas travel time has a negative effect on the choice of departure stations accessed by public transport. The derived rail service quality index (RSQI), which provides a measure of rail accessibility to all other stations, has a significant and positive effect on the choice of departure stations accessed by all modes. The outcome of this paper can be used to develop a comprehensive railway accessibility indicator for neighbourhoods, for hedonic pricing studies.     

The imbalance between car and public transport use in urban Australia: why does it exist?

Public transport in urban Australia is dominated by the automobile. As we approach the end of the 20th century, there is much renewed interest in revitalising urban public transport as one way of combating the increasing levels of traffic congestion, deterioration in air quality and global warming. This paper takes stock of the situation in Australia, identifying the challenges that the urban public transport sector faces in redressing the imbalance between car and public transport market share. Particular emphasis is given to the role of buses and busways in contrast to rail, and strategies to reduce the attractiveness of the car.     

一体化发展策略下的轨道交通枢纽建设

轨道交通的枢纽建设在实现城市交通发展一体化中起着至关重要的作用。在总结上海轨道交通多个枢纽建设和运营经验的基础上，提出在一体化发展策略下建设轨道交通枢纽的创新理念，包括“由多线集中换乘到分散换乘”的网络规划理念、由“零距离换乘”到“以时间换空间”的运营安全理念、注重客流组织“单循环”流线的换乘效率理念、实现立体化交通组织的“人车分流”理念、注重细节的“以人为本”理念以及车站周边空间的一体化开发理念，最后从规划、设计、运营、服务、开发五个层面提出轨道交通枢纽建设的具体要求，为未来轨道交通枢纽的规划和建设提供参考。     

城市轨道交通合理站间距的研究

城市轨道交通作为城市综合交通体系的重要组成部分,其站间距的设置与客流吸引能力、旅客出行时间、列车运行效率等因素密切相关。通过分析城市轨道交通站间距设置的影响因素,提出合理站间距的设置方法及优化模型,结合实例计算并综合考虑各方面因素,推荐城市中心区车站的合理站间距以1050～1 150 m为最优,郊区车站的合理站间距以1 800 m左右为优。