基于DEA方法的铁路物流基地运营评价研究

针对传统铁路货场运营评价体系,侧重场站占地规模、货物发送量和生产安全等要素,缺乏效率效益方面指标,难以全面反映铁路物流基地运营质量和运行效率,运用DEA投入产出评价方法,创新构建"评价目标→评价维度→评价指标→影响因子"评价体系,提出基于影响力度的指标分析技术,设计由9个评价维度、30个评价指标和若干个影响因子组成的铁路物流基地运营评价指标体系,以127个物流基地为评价对象,评价结果显示:我国铁路物流基地正处运能释放阶段,与传统货场相比,铁路物流基地产出规模较大,但投入产出效率较低。构建科学的铁路物流基地运营评价方法,能够有效规范基地生产运营实践,提升基地全方位评估能力。     

基于协方差模糊评价的内河集装箱码头铁水联运效率方法研究

为评价内河集装箱码头铁水联运运营效率,针对评价过程中定量指标与定性指标共存的问题,提出基于协方差模糊评价的效率评价方法,通过协方差判断矩阵和模糊评价法分别确定定量指标与定性指标权重系数,构建协方差模糊评价模型。选取寸滩、武汉和肇庆?3?个典型铁水联运枢纽内河集装箱码头作为研究对象,构建铁水联运效率评价指标体系,通过实例分析发现评价结果与各码头实际铁水联运效率值相符合,证明协方差模糊评价法具有一定的合理性与有效性,同时评价结果可以为铁水联运管理者提供决策参考。     

组合预测模型在铁路集装箱运量预测中的应用

根据我国铁路集装箱运输发展,研究构建集装箱运量预测模型和方法.基于1999-2008年铁路集装箱运量历史数据和GDP数据,分别选用回归分析模型、灰色系统预测模型、BP神经网络预测模型,预测2009-2014年铁路集装箱运量,根据各方法的误差确定权重,进行了运量组合预测.组合预测模型能在一定程度上提高预测精度,对铁路集装箱运量预测是可行的.     

基于组合权重TOPSIS的超限货物运输方案评价

超限货物运输方案是铁路安全运输超限货物的重要前提和保障。为实现超限货物运输方案的优选,提出一种基于组合权重和TOPSIS法的铁路超限货物运输方案评价模型。从装载加固方案、线路条件、运输组织复杂程度和运输费用4个方面分析超限货物运输方案的影响因素,确定方案评价指标,构建综合评价指标体系。运用博弈论原理计算方案评价指标的组合权重,其中主观权重由G1法确定,客观权重由熵权法确定。运用TOPSIS法对运输方案进行评价,构建基于组合权重和TOPSIS法的超限货物运输方案的综合评价模型。最后给出超限货物运输实例,运用所构建的评价模型对各运输方案进行评价。结果表明,建立的方案评价模型能够科学、合理地对超限货物运输方案进行比选。     

基于数据包络分析的铁路物流中心运营效率评价

在分析铁路物流中心运营效率评价特点的基础上,运用数据包络分析方法对铁路物流中心运营效率进行评价。从铁路物流中心自身运营状况和数据包络分析的要求出发,选取用地面积、设备费用、信息技术投入和工资作为输入指标,年货物处理量作为输出指标,构建铁路物流中心运营效率评价模型。通过算例分析,表明该模型能够判别铁路物流中心的运营相对有效性,并为非有效物流中心的经营管理提供改进目标。     

我国铁路货运效率与绿色物流发展耦合协调研究

铁路货运效率对绿色物流发展有重要影响,通过构建我国铁路货运效率投入产出评价指标体系和绿色物流发展评价指标体系,运用超效率DEA模型和熵权TOPSIS法分别测度2010—2020年我国30个省（市、自治区）的铁路货运效率和绿色物流发展水平,运用耦合协调度模型分析我国铁路货运效率与绿色物流发展耦合协调度,并用障碍度模型进行障碍因子诊断。结果表明：2010—2020年我国铁路货运效率呈先下降后上升态势,绿色物流发展水平呈持续向好态势;铁路货运效率与绿色物流发展耦合协调水平整体呈不断上升趋势,耦合协调等级由勉强协调演变成初级协调,耦合协调度仍有较大优化空间;通过障碍因子分析,发现铁路货运量、人均货物周转量、铁路货物周转量、物流设施用地面积和铁路里程对协调性影响较大。     

基于多层次灰色关联分析的铁路客车运用效率评价

铁路客车运用效率水平直接影响客运收入的实现。基于客车投入、生产和产出3个层面构建客车运用效率评价指标体系,运用多层次灰色关联分析法对2008—2014年国铁客车运用效率情况进行综合评价。案例分析结果表明,各年度客车运用效率的优劣次序呈现两端高中间波动变化的趋势结构,多层次灰色关联模型降低了评价指标权重赋值人为主观性、偏好性的不利影响,相对传统单层灰色关联模型更符合运输生产环节,具备较强的适用性和可操作性。     

铁路集装箱办理站布局综合评价模型中权重的确定方法

铁路集装箱办理站布局综合评价模型中，权重的确定是非常重要的。通过将层次分析法和局部变权法相结合的综合评价模型、产生权重方法的论述，以具体实例说明该方法的优越性。     

集装箱多式联运效率评价指标体系构建研究

目前我国铁路集装箱多式联运处于快速发展阶段,为探究我国集装箱多式联运对物流运输效率的影响程度及影响因素,从制度效率、技术效率、运作效率3个方面入手,构建集装箱多式联运效率评价指标体系,并运用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法对武汉多式联运示范工程项目的效率水平进行测算。结果显示,该示范工程效率的评价值为0.556,与武汉市多式联运发展现状基本一致,从而验证了指标体系的可行性,为我国集装箱多式联运管理提供参考。     

基于组合评价法的铁路专业技术岗位评价要素权重研究

铁路专业技术岗位评价要素权重的确定是铁路运输企业专业技术岗位评价的基础和核心。首先,利用文献分析法及Delphi专家访谈法,对铁路专业技术岗位评价要素进行初步筛选,利用"界值法"进行要素选择。其次,采用因子分析方式对评估要素进行分类,利用层次分析法和主成分分析法相结合的组合评价法,确定各要素权重比值。研究构建了由工作责任、工作强度和环境、知识技能、能力和特质4个中间层指标,以及23个底层指标构成的铁路专业技术岗位评价指标体系。结果显示,在铁路专业技术岗位评价要素中,工作责任的权重最大,知识技能、能力和特质的权重相当,工作强度和环境的权重最低。     

Global intermodal tank container management for the chemical industry

The scale of the global chemical industry is enormous: in 2003, the total value of global production exceeded US$1.7 trillion. International logistics is especially crucial to the high-value chemicals industry, since raw materials sources, production facilities, and consumer markets are distributed globally. Fluctuating demand, imbalanced trade flows, and expensive transportation equipment necessitate dynamic asset management. This paper focuses on asset management problems faced by tank container operators, and formulates an operational tank container management problem as a large-scale multi-commodity flow problem on a time-discretized network. By integrating container routing and repositioning decisions in a single model, total operating costs and fleet sizes can be reduced. A computational study verifies this hypothesis.     

Liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design

This paper proposes a liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design problem by introducing the concept of a main port, as well as some container shipping constraints such as multi-type container shipment and transit time constraints, which are seldom considered in the previous studies. It develops a mixed-integer programming model with nonconvex multi-linear terms for the proposed problem. An efficient genetic algorithm embedded with a multi-stage decomposition approach is developed to solve the model. Numerical experiments are carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed model and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

铁路集装箱空箱调运最优化方案研究

在分析铁路集装箱空箱调运存在问题的基础上，运用线性双层规划理论，以运输成本最小和托运人满意度最大为目标，建立铁路集装箱空箱调运最优化模型，并通过实例检验模型的优化效果，以降低运营成本、提高集装箱使用效率。     

专用铁路集装箱江海联运驳接方式研究

专用铁路集装箱江海联运具有较好的经济效益,是铁路运输的重要发展方向。为提升集装箱江海联运的效率,化解既有集装箱江海联运驳接方式的缺点,在阐述既有集装箱江海联运驳接方式及存在问题的基础上,提出专用铁路集装箱江海联运驳接方式,从设施布局、作业流程和实现效果等方面进行分析。专用铁路集装箱江海联运驳接方式可以打破海船与江船的倒装限制,提升集装箱江海联运驳接效率,降低集装箱江海联运成本。     

Competition,market concentration,and relative efficiency of major container ports in Southeast Asia

This study aims at investigating the degree of market concentration of container ports in Southeast Asia and to associate the concentration tendency with efficient container operations. While Singapore is the busiest container port in the region, its premier position is threatened by the emergence of other container ports in neighbouring countries. Major top ten container ports in Southeast Asia are included in the analysis, and market concentration is evaluated using established measures and analytical techniques such as the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI), Gini coefficient, and shift-share analysis from 2007 to 2017. A super-efficiency model is then applied to the ports to investigate the association between shift effects and port efficiency. The HHI index indicates that the container port system in Southeast Asia has become ‘moderately concentrated’ with a score of 0.21 in 2017, contrasting with an index of 0.27 in 2007 suggesting it was ‘highly concentrated’ indicating a tendency towards de-concentration. ‘Super efficiency DEA’ results suggest that Laem Chabang and Singapore ports are ‘efficient’ exhibiting efficiency scores higher than one, while the other eight ports are ‘less efficient’. It is also found from the association of the net-shift effects and efficiency scores that Laem Chabang is the only port that is efficient and gaining market share, and, more importantly, and perhaps surprisingly, the ports gaining market share are ‘inefficient’. This study contributes to the literature not only by investigating the concentration tendency of the fast growing container port system of Southeast Asia, but also by associating efficiency evaluations with the market concentration.     

基于快铁融合的上海铁路集装箱快运站选址研究

快铁融合可以充分发挥快递企业和铁路运输的优势,有效提升物流作业效率,达到运输资源分配平衡的效果,是多元化运输的发展方向。在既有和计划建设的铁路货运站中选择铁路集装箱快运站与快递企业集散网络衔接,以快递企业时间满意度和集散运输成本为目标,构建基于时间满意度的铁路集装箱快运站选址模型,以上海铁路集装箱快运站为例进行实证分析,提出保证铁路集装箱快运站与快递企业合理衔接的对策,为铁路集装箱运输融入快递市场提供决策支持,加速快铁融合的实施。     

A strategic network choice model for global container flows: specification, estimation and application

Container flows have been booming for decades. Expectations for the 21st century are less certain due to changes in climate and energy policy, increasing congestion and increased mobility of production factors. This paper presents a strategic model for the movement of containers on a global scale in order to analyse possible shifts in future container transport demand and the impacts of transport policies thereon. The model predicts yearly container flows over the world’s shipping routes and passing through 437 container ports around the world, based on trade information to and from all countries, taking into account more than 800 maritime container liner services. The model includes import, export and transhipment flows of containers at ports, as well as hinterland flows. The model was calibrated against observed data and is able to reproduce port throughput statistics rather accurately. The paper also introduces a scenario analysis to understand the impact of future, uncertain developments in container flows on port throughput. The scenarios include the effects of slow steaming, an increase in land based shipping costs and an increased use of large scale infrastructures such as the Trans-Siberian rail line and the opening of Arctic shipping routes. These scenarios provide an indication of the uncertainty on the expected port throughputs, with a particular focus on the port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands.     

Congestion,port expansion and spatial competition for US container imports

The purpose of this paper is to analyze spatial competition, congestion and flows of container imports into the United States. An intermodal network flow model is developed and used to analyze congestion in the logistics system for container imports. The results indicate that congestion exists at most ports and its consequences are to raise costs at these nodes, and in some cases to divert traffic to other routes. Finally, if each of the ports expanded, the value of marginal capacity would converge to nil, and expansion would reduce congestion costs and waiting times.     

基于全国铁路网的集装箱运输流研究

针对目前铁路集装箱结点站的建设,从以全国铁路网为基础进行集装箱运输组织的角度,通过分析路网上动态箱流的变化特征,结合集装箱班列开行方案的制定,提出确定路网上集装箱运输流的方法,并对相关问题进行研究。使铁路集装箱运输网络建成后,能进一步优化集装箱运输组织,实现高效运输组织方案。     

Congestion,port expansion and spatial competition for US container imports

The purpose of this paper is to analyze spatial competition, congestion and flows of container imports into the United States. An intermodal network flow model is developed and used to analyze congestion in the logistics system for container imports. The results indicate that congestion exists at most ports and its consequences are to raise costs at these nodes, and in some cases to divert traffic to other routes. Finally, if each of the ports expanded, the value of marginal capacity would converge to nil, and expansion would reduce congestion costs and waiting times.