种粮家庭农场实现适度规模经营的土地困境分析

适度经营规模是理想与现实结合的产物,是多方妥协、多方权衡的结果。粮食作物适度经营规模的确定应考虑务农收入和土地生产效率两个方面,适度规模一般在100-400亩之间。我国每个农户持有的耕地过少且承包经营权不稳定,加之农户严重分化,致使通过土地流转实现规模经营的交易成本极高;同时,土地只能原址利用造成的垄断以及农户间的相互熟识与攀比,使出租方索要的地租向最高标准看齐,致使租地者的边际地租曲线随规模扩大而迅速提高,规模经营带来的好处大多被地租上涨所抵消。这两个成本困境使得直接从农户手里租地实现粮食适度规模经营非常困难。政府必须采取差别化政策,对种粮家庭农场给予支持,同时借助中介机构降低土地流转的成本。     

土地适度规模经营发展透视

积极稳妥地发展土地适度规模经营,是党在农村的一项重要政策,也是江苏省委、省政府近年来确定的一项重点工作.江苏省非农产业比较发达,经济发展水平较高,发展土地适度规模经营条件比较成熟:不失时机地推进土地适度规模经营,既是我省经济社会发展的客观要求,同时对于全国其他地区土地规模经营发展也具有借鉴意义.我们到苏州、扬州部分县(市、区)进行了专题调研,对我省土地适度规模经营发展进行了一些解剖、思考和分析.     

信阳市土地流转及适度规模经营研究

选取平原和浅山丘陵两种土地类型,调查若干粮食和果树种植大户,开展比较研究,探索适度规模经营的标准,为政策制定者及经营管理者提供参考。     

以农户为主发展土地适度规模经营

问题提出我国耕地资源稀缺,农村人口众多,拥有2.2亿个农户,户均经营规模7.6亩,是世界上农户经营规模最小的国家之一,发展土地适度规模经营的需求十分迫切。截至今年6月底,全国土地承包经营权流转     

积极引导财政扶持——张家港推进土地适度规模经营的做法

近年来,张家港市紧紧围绕"富民、强村、现代农业建设"这一主题,全面落实科学发展观,在坚持"依法、自愿、有偿"的前提下,合理规划、积极引导、统筹兼顾、财政扶持,努力营造推进土地规模经营,加快建设现代农业的工作氛围.     

土地规模经营适度的研究

土地承包责任制作为农村改革的开端和新经济体制的基础,对农村经济的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。但随着经济改革的深入,土地承包制所带来的农户土地的小规模经营的局限性和落后性也日益暴露出来。因而在完善土地承包责任制的过程中,出现了要求实行土地规模经营的呼声。...     

土地整治促进家庭农场适度规模经营研究——基于伊犁州和塔城地区调研

土地整治已成为坚守耕地红线、改善耕地质量、促进家庭农场适度规模经营、推进农业供给侧结构性改革的关键切入点。文章的研究目的在于系统地分析伊犁州和塔城地区国家重大土地开发整理项目对促进现代家庭农场适度规模经营发展的现状、风险以及存在的困境,并为今后土地整治项目区家庭农场的适度规模经营和科学管理提供有益的借鉴和参考。研究方法主要运用问卷调查法、统计分析法和对比法分析法。结果表明,土地整治后项目区耕作条件、耕作方式和耕作水平有较大程度地提高,大量劳动力节省的同时促进了农户大幅增收,家庭农场规模经营模式多样化;土地整治项目区耕地流转价格大幅上涨,流转方式呈现多元化,农户的流转意愿有很大程度的提高;农户对整治后农场规模经营的满意度较高,但也面临一定程度的风险和困难。得出以下结论,家庭农场经营面临着农产品市场价格的不稳定波动;当地政府的补贴力度较弱,补贴资金缺少相关的审计和监察;土地整治的立项审批复杂,工程设计、监管及后期管护存在一定的疏漏;土地流转方式不合理,经营农场的投资资金来源有限;农户的文化程度普遍较低等方面的困境。在此基础上,本文最后提出了建立和完善全国统一的农产品价格的动态实时监测体系,设立农产品价格的合理波动区间;加大当地政府补贴力度和采取差别化的激励措施;适当延长土地流转年限;长期加强农业技术培训;"因地制宜"发展农场适度规模,注重完善和配套基本的农业社会化服务体系等方面的改革措施。     

土地适度规模经营调查

最近，我们就黑龙江省土地适度规模经营问题，分别到部分地、市、县进行了调查研究。总的印象：家庭联产承包责任制极大调动了农民生产积极笥，全省农村经济形势是好的，我们所到之处，一个令人欣喜、值得我们高度重视的现象是，在家庭联产承包责任制的基础上，一些农民在自学不自学地争取着土地生产的规模效益，并探索着走重新组织起来、互助联合的道路。少数地多人少、机械化程度比较高地方，或者非农产业发达、集体经济实力雄厚、领导力量较强的地方，已经开始土地的适度规模经营；多数地方虽然非农产业不发达，均田承包的局面一时难以改变，但是作为土地适度规模经营的初始阶段，家庭经营不变，强化流的功能，达到不同程度的规模生产却是到处可见。     

基本农田保护--问题与对策

今年2月17日,国土资源部和农业部联合下发了《全国基本农田保护检查工作方案》,标志着全国基本农田保护检查工作正式启动。据悉,几个月来,全国各地分阶段层层开展了检查工作,经过广泛的宣传发动,目前全国基本农田保护检查工作进展顺利,大部分地区已进入自查自纠和整改阶段。基本农田保护检查是落实党中央、国务院要求,实施宏观调控、严格土地管理、保护和提高粮食生产能力的重要措施。检查的根本目的在于,找出当前基本农田保护中存在的突出问题,该整改的及时整改,该完善制度的要建章立制。本文正是通过大量的调查研究和分析,对当前我国基本农田保护中存在的突出问题作了较为详尽的分析和较为深入的思考,并从政策、经济、法律、行政、生态、以及技术等多个角度,多层次地提出了解决的方案和措施,对如何进一步完善基本农田保护制度、建立管理的长效机制,具有一定的参考价值。     

土地经营权入股的合伙模式研究

研究目的:明确土地经营权入股合伙模式的类型并提出规制建议。研究方法:采用文献分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)正确处理合伙模式与其他土地经营权流转制度的关系,注意区分合伙模式与土地经营权出租,以及合伙模式在一定程度上可以替代有限责任公司模式。(2)明确确保入股的土地经营权权利没有瑕疵是土地经营权人的法定义务,从而保障合伙能够正常从事农业经营。(3)确定土地经营权入股合伙模式的法律性质是物权流转,合伙财产属于合伙人共同共有,以便合伙人可以通过土地经营权抵押贷款,解决资金困难。研究结论:土地经营权入股的合伙模式是土地经营权入股的重要模式,不能为股份合作社模式、农民专业合作社模式、有限责任公司模式所替代。     

基于AHP的双河农场土地资源优化配置评价研究

本文从经济、社会、环境三个方面构建了双河农场土地资源优化配置评价指标体系,以2009年双河农场数据为主要评价依据,采用层次分析法,用Matlab软件进行数学计算,对双河农场土地资源优化配置进行评价研究,并提出优化双河农场土地资源配置的对策建议。     

Farm size,land ownership,and fertility in rural Egypt

The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a household level analysis of land availability and fertility variation among farm families in rural Egypt. Data were drawn from a survey conducted in 2 predominantly rural governorates in Lower Egypt in 1978, Beheira and Kafr El Sheikh. They were purposely selected in an attempt to obtain areas representing a range of socioeconomic and demographic conditions. The analytical model that underlies the study postulates that fertility variation in rural areas is influenced by family access to land for cultivation purposes and the conditions governing that access, as well as socioeconomic and demographic control variables. Among the 561 households sampled, the mean value for land ownership was .47. The mean value for household income measured in Egyptian pounds was 112.83 with a standard deviation of 84.76 pounds. The females had been employed 9.7% of the years since marriage. On the average, women had completed less than 3 months of formal education--.32 years. Access to land cultivation was significantly related to the other variables. Land ownership increased with farm size. Family income was closely linked to cultivated area. Landless laboring families had the lowest fertility. Wives of landless laborers were on the average younger, slightly better educated, and less likely to have worked for wages since marriage. The results support the hypothesis that the amount of land available to the family for cultivation is positively related to fertility. Land ownership was negatively related to children ever born. Per capita family income also exerted a negative influence on the number of children ever born. This indicates that income levels were such that the positive nutrition-induced income effect on fertility does not seem to prevail. Age at marriage was negatively associated with fertility and was statistically significant. The strongest variable was the woman's age.     

让地籍档案靓起来

地籍档案管理是国土资源管理工作的重要组成部分,它能及时、准确地为土地所有权人、土地使用权人提供土地产权资料,为制定国民经济计划、城市发展规划提供可靠的基础数据。我们认为凡是在地籍管理活动中直接形成的以文字、图表、声像等形式反映地籍活动,具有保存价值的历史记录,都是地籍档案。为了充分发挥地籍档案的作用,就必须把地籍档案管理工作做好。地籍档案管理工作的程序主要有收集、整理、鉴定、保管、统计、利用、编研等。下面谈谈这些程序中需要注意的一些问题。地籍档案管理要求地籍档案的管理除防止档案的损坏、延长档案的寿命…     

The land resource: Policy and management

Summary

This paper advocates the preparation by major urban planning authorities of land budgets to obtain a satisfactory balance between the development of derelict or vacant land and greenfield sites. Such budgets, requiring a city‐regional dimension, should be implemented by the public and private sectors, both of which need to find means of channelling profits from peripheral or out‐of‐town projects to counter losses on the development or ‘greening’ of inner‐city sites. Suggestions are made as to the form of land budgets, and the means by which they could be put into effect. The paper reviews briefly the various outlooks on the issue of balance between the development of urban and rural land, and the state of the art of priority setting for this purpose by central and local government. Although high standards are set by a few metropolitan areas in accounting for and monitoring the land resource, this is by no means widespread. Indeed in several major urban areas the matter does not even appear to be treated as a policy issue. Amongst the measures required to improve the situation is the need for wider use of skills attuned to development finance and management.     

The incremental construction land differentiated management framework: the perspective of land quota trading in China

Construction land plays a vanguard role in China’s rapid urbanization process. However, confront with massive loss of farmland resources, the highly centralized land-use planning and management system established by the central government in 1998 stipulates that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of farmland should be guarantee to ensure food security. A series of land management system innovations such as “the replacement of basic farmland in different places”, “the compensated supplement of farmland in different places”, and “the land conversion quotas transregional transaction” in Zhejiang province have received increasing attention, under the premise that neither dissipating the economic development efficiency nor breaking the constraints of various planning quotas. Inspired by the “three-phase” efficiency improvement based on the concept known as the “adaptive efficiency”, this article first proposes the inherent policy shortcomings as incalculability, inseparability, and uncontrollability. Then, adopting the mathematical model derivation and economic analysis tool, we demonstrate that the “general allocation + competition allocation + rewarded allocation” of new construction land quota allocation scheme has improved the three-stage Pareto efficiency. Relying on the network analysis of the cross-regional trading in Zhejiang province, the “time hotspot”, “regional hotspot”, Siphon effect, price fluctuation and inequality of opportunity are also observed in the process of trading. The authorities should play a quasi “wedge-like” blocking role in due course. It is therefore suggested that a differentiated management scheme should be adopted considering the variance in regional resource endowments and social ecosystem. This paper expected to shed light on improving construction land-use efficiency for China and other similarly placed developing countries.     

济南市城市适度用地规模的多目标决策

在对城市适度用地规模的相关因素进行系统分析的基础上,考虑经济发展水平、社会生活水平和资源环境条件3个方面,选用11个指标来确定济南市的城市适度用地规模;运用“可能-满意度”法进行多目标决策,探讨济南市城市适度用地规模的“可能—满意度”模型,并经过预测得到2020年该市的城市适度用地规模,为城市规划和土地利用规划提供了科学的依据。     

土地储备资金的管理与核算

当前土地储备资金管理与核算中的问题土地储备资金管理主体不规范目前我国土地储备机构体制不统一,使土地储备资金管理主体也不规范。据了解,北京市土地储备中心是政府全额拨款的事业单位,并实行企业化管理运作;南京市土地储备中心明确为事业单位,隶属于市国土局;福州市土地资产发展中心是与市国土资源局平级的事业单位;厦门市的土地储备机构则是“公司”。这些机构的职能基本相同,性质却有很大差异,以至于在土地储备资金管理中,行使的管理权限也大不相同。但就现阶段看,这些土地储备机构无论以何种形式出现,其实质都不是一种严格意义上的市…