均值-VaR分析下的资产定价模型的拓展

在均值-VaR分析框架内,首先从微观角度的单一投资期资产配置决策入手,确定无风险资产与最优风险资产组合的配置比率;并且最优风险资产组合同投资者的初始财富和风险偏好无关。将这一资产定价的微观模型应用到存在多个投资者的资本市场宏观模型当中去。发现任何投资者的预期收益率都同其承担的风险水平存在着线性相关关系。     

资本资产定价模型限制问题分析研究综述

资本资产定价模型,简称CAPM,是在投资组合理论和资本市场理论基础上形成发展起来的,是现代金融市场价格理论的支柱。广泛应用于投资决策的公司理财领域。在资本资产定价模型的基础下,发展出如套利定价模型、跨时资本资产定价模型以及消费资本资产定价模型等相应理论,形成了一个较为系统的资本市场均衡理论体系。但资本资产定价模型,即CAPM也同样有不可忽视的缺陷,即资本资产定价模型采用了众多的假设前提,给资本资产定价模型设定了一个无摩擦,完美的生存环境,也是这个完美的大环境与现有的金融市场并不一致,造成了资本资产定价模型的"万能钥匙"而在现实金融市场中屡次碰壁。因此,本文对近年来我国学者与现实存在冲突的几个角度对资本资产定价模型研究的概论和评述,包括存在交易成本、存在税收,投资者预期异质性以及对人力资本定价等问题,使得资本资产定价模型更加"接地气",同时也对资本资产定价模型的发展有新的认识。     

论CAPM在我国股市的应用

证券市场是市场体系中的重要组成部分,我国证券市场自1991年建立以来,发展十分迅速.而资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset Pricing Model,CAPM)作为金融市场现代价格理论的脊梁,已被广泛应用于股票基金、债券等资产定价的分析和确定,以及投资决策等领域.但基于CAPM的基础假设--有效市场,即不存在资本与信息流动的阻碍,如此严格的假设条件不禁令人怀疑它对现实市场的适用性,本文将对CAPM在我国的应用问题进行讨论.     

股票挂钩型结构性银行理财产品收益分析

银行理财产品是近年来金融市场上新兴的投资品种之一,其中的股票挂钩型结构性银行理财产品具有收益不确定,不可赎回等特点,其收益计算方法尚不被投资者所熟悉。本文运用资本资产定价模型(CAPM),提出了股票挂钩型结构性银行理财产品的预期收益率计算方法。     

资本资产定价模型的实证研究

资本资产定价模型(CAPM)是现代金融理论的三大基石之一,对西方金融理论产生了深远的影响.利用资本资产定价模型对从上海股市选取的45支股票进行实证分析,得出的结论是:资本资产定价模型仍然不完全适合当前上海的股票市场,系统风险所占的比重很小,非系统因素起比较大的作用,从而表明运用投资组合会有相当好的前景.     

基于CAPM的制造业行业资本成本的研究——以江苏省制造业为例

制造业行业资本成本不仅能够给投资者提供投资参考,为制造业企业投融资提供参考,也为相关部门制订行业政策与金融政策提供参考。本文对资本资产定价模型(CAPM)进行了阐述,运用CAPM对江苏省制造业行业资本成本进行分析,确定了无风险收益率、市场收益率、β系数和资本成本。结果显示,江苏省制造业行业资本成本为7.06%。     

资本资产定价扩展模型理论及其发展趋势

组合投资理论自从马柯维茨1952年建立以来,一直在迅速发展,特别是夏普(1962)、林特尔(1965)和摩森(1966)提出并发展了资本资产定价模型(CAPM)后,使纯粹的理论研究有机会应用于实际证券分析当中。但是,CAPM忽略了许多因素的影响,使CAPM理论与实际存在难以弥合的距离。为此,对CAPM进行修正和补充就成为后来学者研究的重点。     

组合投资的系统风险与非系统风险——兼评王辉等人的《投资组合风险的分散化研究》

本文在指出王辉等人的《投资组合风险的分散化研究》一文中出现的错误的基础上,根据资本资产定价模型(CAPM)将组合投资的风险分离为系统风险与非系统风险,最后讨论了组合投资的均值-方差模型。     

比较CAPM与LDAM在投资组合管理的应用

当今全球经济中一个最引人注目的问题就是投资组合管理问题。资本资产定价模型(CAPM)是在金融行业中使用广泛的模型,我们采用线性对角近似模型(LDAM)与其形成对比,分别应用于相同样本的投资组合管理中,得到线性对角近似模型更适合投资组合管理的应用,从而进一步优化投资组合管理应用。     

运用资本资产定价模型搭建投资组合的可行性分析

自从1964年CAPM资本资产定价模型被提出以来,一直作为现代金融学的核心理论。尤其是在资本定价方面的地位更是难以动摇。但随着它应用的逐渐广泛,外加假设条件过多且在现实中难以实现,许多学者对其在实际应用中的作用提出了质疑,并在此基础上提出了BAPM行为资产定价模型、三因素模型等理论。鉴于当今资本市场的影响因素广泛,文章将尝试运用资本资产定价模型对深圳证券交易所创业板市场2017年2月到2017年6月的样本数据进行实证分析,分析运用资本资产定价模型搭建投资组合在创业板市场的可行性。     

Optimal portfolio composition and the CAPM

It is commonly assumed that the CAPM implies that all investors hold a balanced portfolio, “the market portfolio,” and investors just determine the proportion of their wealth held in the market portfolio and the risk-free asset. That this is patently at odds with observed investor behavior is sometimes used to justify rejecting the CAPM. However, by assuming that substitute securities exist, in this paper we still obtain the CAPM, although investors neither hold all of the assets in the market nor a balanced shareholding in the assets they do hold.     

A BENCHMARK APPROACH TO FINANCE

This paper derives a unified framework for portfolio optimization, derivative pricing, financial modeling, and risk measurement. It is based on the natural assumption that investors prefer more rather than less, in the sense that given two portfolios with the same diffusion coefficient value, the one with the higher drift is preferred. Each such investor is shown to hold an efficient portfolio in the sense of Markowitz with units in the market portfolio and the savings account. The market portfolio of investable wealth is shown to equal a combination of the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) and the savings account. In this setup the capital asset pricing model follows without the use of expected utility functions, Markovianity, or equilibrium assumptions. The expected increase of the discounted value of the GOP is shown to coincide with the expected increase of its discounted underlying value. The discounted GOP has the dynamics of a time transformed squared Bessel process of dimension four. The time transformation is given by the discounted underlying value of the GOP. The squared volatility of the GOP equals the discounted GOP drift, when expressed in units of the discounted GOP. Risk-neutral derivative pricing and actuarial pricing are generalized by the fair pricing concept, which uses the GOP as numeraire and the real-world probability measure as pricing measure. An equivalent risk-neutral martingale measure does not exist under the derived minimal market model.     

The nature and determinants of comovement between developed,emerging and frontier equity markets: Europe versus Asia‐Pacific

International investors are increasingly attracted towards emerging and frontier markets because of their potential to enhance diversification benefits of a global portfolio. This calls for a rigorous analysis of the nature and determinants of stock market comovement between developed, emerging, and frontier markets in Europe and Asia‐Pacific regions. The findings suggest that unlike their Asia‐Pacific counterparts, European developed, emerging, and frontier stock markets display a higher degree of comovement. Although Asia‐Pacific frontier markets provide good diversification opportunities, investors must be cautioned against their weak financial system. The volatility of returns, gross domestic product growth rate, and the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) are the key determinants of stock market comovement in Europe. The mechanisms by which comovement in the Asia‐Pacific region is strengthened differ across markets. Comparative analysis of comovement and its determinants across different classes of equity markets and geographies is expected to provide valuable perspectives to global investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers.     

General equilibrium pricing of nonredundant forward contracts

We derive the general equilibrium of a dynamic financial market in which the investors' opportunity set includes nonredundant forward contracts. We show that Breeden's (1979) consumption‐based CAPM equation for forward contracts contains an extra term relative to that for cash assets. We name this term a strategy risk premium. It compensates investors for the (systematic) risk that stems from their very portfolio strategies when the latter involve nonredundant forward contracts. We also show that Merton's (1973) multibeta intertemporal CAPM must be amended for forward contracts to exhibit adjusted risk premia for the market portfolio and all relevant state variables, as opposed to the usual risk premia for cash assets. Our results are shown not to depend on the usual cash‐and‐carry relationship, which, in general, does not hold. We, nevertheless, provide a well‐known special case where it does hold, albeit not grounded on the usual no‐arbitrage argument. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:817–840, 2003     

Liability driven investment with alternative assets: Evidence from Brazil

We study the portfolio choice problem for an asset-liability investor who invests in stocks, equity mutual funds, government bonds, short term interest, hedge funds, listed real estate, and commodities futures available in Brazil. Inflation and real interest play as important risk sources. We estimate the asset classes and liabilities time-varying conditional covariance structure using an asymmetric multivariate dynamic conditional correlation GARCH model and compare the asset-liability portfolio's global minimum variance allocation with Brazilian pension funds' market portfolio. The conditional covariance structure provides insights about the complex dynamic relationships between the asset classes and liabilities. We find that some (though not all) Brazilian alternative assets render strong diversification and liabilities hedging benefits for asset-liability investors. There are significant strategic asset allocation differences between the market portfolio and the liability driven portfolio as given by our model. We, therefore, question the Brazilian pension funds' allocation.     

The role of Islamic asset classes in the diversified portfolios: Mean variance spanning test

This study investigates both conventional and Islamic investors' problems as to whether the inclusion of Islamic and conventional asset classes may expand the frontier of their respective portfolios. Our sample covers the global U.S. portfolios and Malaysian portfolios with multiple asset classes, as well as the portfolios with a specific asset class in several regions. This study uses the recent mean variance spanning test in multiple regimes, which not only accounts for tail risk but also identifies the source of value added (tangency portfolio or global minimum variance).For intra-asset allocation, our findings tend to show that both Islamic and conventional fund managers of a specific asset class can benefit from conventional and Islamic asset classes, respectively, in several regimes. For inter-asset allocation, conventional institutional investors cannot obtain any value added from Islamic asset classes. On the contrary, the U.S. Islamic institutional investors can expand their tangency portfolio by investing in U.S. TIPSs and REITs, and reduce their global minimum variance by allocating in U.S. high-yield bonds. Moreover, the Malaysian Islamic institutional investors can obtain risk reduction by investing in conventional bonds only in the high term premium regime. For the remaining asset classes, the opportunity sets are sufficient for Islamic investors to invest complying with Shariah rules. We provide some policy implications for the global Islamic financial industry.     

Risk management with weighted VaR

This article studies the optimal portfolio selection of expected utility‐maximizing investors who must also manage their market‐risk exposures. The risk is measured by a so‐called weighted value‐at‐risk (WVaR) risk measure, which is a generalization of both value‐at‐risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). The feasibility, well‐posedness, and existence of the optimal solution are examined. We obtain the optimal solution (when it exists) and show how risk measures change asset allocation patterns. In particular, we characterize three classes of risk measures: the first class will lead to models that do not admit an optimal solution, the second class can give rise to endogenous portfolio insurance, and the third class, which includes VaR and ES, two popular regulatory risk measures, will allow economic agents to engage in “regulatory capital arbitrage,” incurring larger losses when losses occur.     

基于VaR和两基金分离的投资组合模型

本文使用VaR来度量投资组合的市场风险,构造了一个在可接受期末财富约束条件下,使VaR达到最小的投资组合模型,同时,发现该模型发生了两基金分离现象,因此存在多风险资产情形下的投资组合模型可以退化成为单风险资产情形下的投资组合模型。最后,本文使用简化的单风险模型对我国上海股票市场进行了实证分析,探讨投资者如何在股票和银行借贷中进行最优资产分配。     

EXISTENCE OF A NONNEGATIVE EQUILIBRIUM PRICE VECTOR IN THE MEAN-VARIANCE CAPITAL MARKET

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector under which the total demand and supply of each asset balances in the standard mean-variance capital market. Also, we give an explicit formula for such a price vector. This formula shows that the price of assets is an increasing function of , the weighted average of the requested rate of return of individual investors, which tends to infinity as approaches the expected rate of return on the market portfolio. Further, we construct a macroeconomic index which gives information about the soundness of the capital market.