经济全球化背景下我国经济发展方式转变的思考——以商业秘密保护立法为视角

经济全球化背景下我国经济发展方式的转变,根本出路在自主创新,而对自主创新中商业秘密的立法保护则是其重要前提和持久保障.商业秘密保护的实质在于促进开发、创新,进而推动我国产业发展和提升,而不仅仅是关乎私权.商业秘密的保护不仅关系到我国企业通过开发创新,提高国际竞争力,而且还关乎我国经济发展方式从量的扩张向质的提升转变.构建完善的商业秘密保护法律制度须重塑立法理念,立足于社会经济,以保护私权,促进开发、创新以及维护市场经济秩序、维护商业道德为其价值取向.     

理性地做几件实事

“5．12”大地震,摧毁了千万家园,涂炭了超过八万生灵!大地在颤抖,全国人民心在淌血。     

Private certification schemes as consumer protection: a viable supplement to regulation in Europe?

In the European single market, most product certification schemes are privately organized. This paper considers the goals and pitfalls of private certification as a form of market‐based and multi‐stakeholder consumer protection that relies on the transparency of information and the possibility of consumers choosing accordingly with their preferences.     

流通先导:转变经济增长方式的有效途径

自从著名经济学家刘国光教授提出：“流通已经从末端产业转变为先导产业”的论断后．“流通先导”问题引起广泛关注．流通问题也得到空前的重视。我国国民经济和社会发展“十一五”规划已确定“全面贯彻落实科学发展观、加快转变经济增长方式”的总体方针．流通先导正是转变经济增长方式的有效途径。     

Creating a research culture on the way to AACSB accreditation

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation process for small, teaching-based universities is the formation of faculty motivated to publish peer-reviewed journal articles. At these types of schools, where research is generally undervalued and not rewarded, the challenge of changing the research culture to become a more productive one is enormous. Drawing from Weisbord’s six-box model on organizational change, the authors discuss five main recommendations a small teaching university identified from its systematic approach toward implementing a research culture for Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation.     

When idealists evade taxes: the influence of personal moral philosophy on attitudes to tax evasion – a Lebanese study

This paper explores attitudes regarding tax evasion and the relationship between personal moral philosophy and such attitudes in a weak tax environment. The results confirm the multidimensionality of tax evasion attitudes. Idealism was negatively related to self‐interest tax evasion attitudes while relativism was positively related to such attitudes. Idealism was also positively related to tax evasion attitudes stemming from concerns about the justice of the tax system. Idealists in a weak tax environment seemingly go through a cognitive reframing process where they recognize that the tax system is unfair, and accordingly tax evasion is a way to serve a different moral absolute, that is of equity, rather than another different moral absolute, which is fulfilling obligations to governments. The results are also explained in light of the suggested low moral intensity of tax evasion among respondents. Policy implications are presented.     

网络营销：信任是条漫长的路

自从1993年网络营销以电子邮件的形式吹响号角以来,一路凯歌高奏,多样繁衍,虽经新世纪网络泡沫破灭的重创,仍然呈现出势不可挡的增长势头。     

Towards a new way to measure power: Applying conjoint analysis to group decisions

This paper presents some preliminary development towards a methodology for measuring power in a group purchase decision. We define power as the capacity of an individual to change the probability of an alternative being chosen by expressing an opinion about that alternative. We present a linear model that relates the group members' preferences to the probability that a given alternative will be chosen. The model parameters reflect specific measures of power and can be estimated by conjoint analysis. We present the results of a pilot field study, conducted on a sample of purchasing managers, which favorably assesses certain psychometric properties of the resulting measures for dyads.     

Soft law as a method for consumer protection and consumer influence. A review with special reference to Nordic experiences

Also within consumer policy soft law methods are now being discussed. Soft law rules are characterized above all (a) by being designed to function in the same way as legal norms, (b) by being developed either on the basis of a statutory mandate or by the participation of a supervisory authority in one way or another, and (c) by the fact that the parties on the market who are affected by the rules — business and consumers — participate in the formulation and/or the surveillance of the rules.Three principal types of soft law are scrutinized in this paper: (1) an agreement and negotiation system in accordance with the collective agreement model; (2) the development of guidelines and rules of conduct in cooperation between the State and the market parties; (3) special forms of participation for the market parties in the supervision of the application of consumer protection or in the settlement of individual disputes.In the final part of the paper, an assessment is made of the extent to which these methods can serve efficiently as means of consumer protection and consumer influence. The assessment must yet by necessity be somewhat speculative but no particularly impressive results seem to have been reached in consumer protection through soft law. Two observations stand out rather clearly: There are fundamental difficulties of organizing and supervising consumer interests, and it is doubtful whether some of the most essential consumer problems can at all be handled by those soft law methods that have been tried out so far.

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Nicht-rechtliche Maßnahmen des Verbraucherschutzes und der Einfluß der Verbraucher. Ein Überblick mit besonderer Berücksichtigung skandinavischer Erfahrungen

Zusammenfassung Nicht-rechtliche Maßnahmen werden verstärkt auch im Bereich des Verbraucherschutzes diskutiert. Solche Maßnahmen sind vor allem dadurch charakterisiert, daß sie (a) ähnlich wie rechtliche Normen wirken sollen, (b) auf einer gesetzlichen Grundlage oder durch Beteiligung einer Aufsichtsbehörde entstehen und (c) daß bei ihrer Formulierung die beteiligten Marktparteien mitwirken.Der Beitrag unterscheidet drei Formen solcher nicht-rechtlicher Maßnahmen: (1) Ein Verhandlungssystem nach dem Modell kollektiver Vereinbarungen, (2) die Entwicklung von Richtlinien und Verhaltensvereinbarungen in Kooperation zwischen Staat und den betroffenen Marktparteien und (3) bestimmte Formen der Beteiligung der Marktparteien bei der Überwachung der Durchführung von Verbraucherschutzmaßnahmen und bei der Beilegung von individuellen Streitigkeiten.Im Schlußteil des Beitrages wird bewertet, inwieweit diese Methoden als Mittel zum Verbraucherschutz und zur Förderung des Verbrauchereinflusses geeignet sind. Vorerst muß diese Bewertung notgedrungen noch spekulativ sein, aber es deutet sich, an, daß nicht-rechtliche Maßnahmen im Verbraucherschutz bisher nicht zu besonders eindrucksvollen Ergebnissen führen. Zwei Beobachtungen sind besonders deutlich: Es ist besonders schwer, die Interessen der Verbraucher zu organisieren, zu beobachten und zu erfassen; und es ist zweifelhaft, ob die wichtigsten Verbraucherprobleme überhaupt mit solchen nicht-rechtlichen Maßnahmen angegangen werden können.

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Jyrki Tala is a Research Fellow at Research Institute for Legal Policy, Åboslottsvägen 8, Box 35, SF-00931 Helsinki, Finland. This article is based on a presentation delivered at a Nordic seminar on consumer influence during the 1980s, held in Espoo, Finland, in August 1985.     

Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty

Individuals living in poverty remain a critical issue. This special issue focuses on how entrepreneurship can help to solve such poverty. Rather than viewing those in poverty as a market for goods, the solution lies in understanding how to help those living in poverty create their own businesses. Ultimately, entrepreneurship among those in poverty will create a long lasting solution to their poverty. Herein, we initially examine the extant knowledge about entrepreneurship. We then examine where future research on this important topic should move. Finally, we introduce the five articles that make up this special issue. These five articles came from the initial 71 submissions and enhance our knowledge about entrepreneurship as a pathway to reducing poverty.     

Injury control research has come a long way,but more needs to be done

Since 2002, the Institute for Peace Promotion and Injury/Violence Prevention (CISALVA) at the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Colombia Program at Georgetown University have developed and implemented 21 epidemiologically based municipal crime observatories in intermediate-sized municipalities in Colombia. These crime observatories serve as monitoring centres that provide low cost, geo-referenced methods of data collection and analysis, which allow cities to develop more responsive policies and prevention programmes and enhance governance. This article focuses on the methodology employed and lessons learned that may be applicable to similar settings. Worth noting within the results was a significant decrease in homicides after the first year of the programme. Whether or not such results could be attributed to the method or to the nature of the interventions and policy initiatives stemming from it remains open to conjecture.     

The Hassle Factor as a Psychological Barrier to a Green Home

Journal of Consumer Policy - In order to reach climate goals, policymakers stimulate homeowners to invest in sustainable measures in and around their house. Unfortunately, however, the number of...     

家电出口:品牌路漫漫--访中国机电产品进出口商会家用电器分会秘书长于治璞

世界机电经贸信息家电行业一直冲杀在我国改革开放的最前沿,经历了市场化的洗礼和入世后的震荡调整,其市场表现具有一定的代表性。同时,家用电器作为与百姓生活息息棚关的居家用品,也倍受公众注目。请问,您对我国家电行业的整体发展态势作何评价?     

SME takeovers as a contributor to regional productivity gaps

New economic geography models typically predict centripetal economic development. One process by which this might be brought about is if large companies based in the core of the economy buy up and remove small dynamic enterprises from peripheral regions, thereby suppressing development outside the core. This hypothesis is investigated by analysing the very large UK administrative firm-level Business Structure Database. Contrary to the experience of big firms, more productive small businesses are more subject to takeover—although this effect is weaker if they are located in peripheral regions. Takeovers also increase the chances of a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) closing, but the exit consequence is greater for the core region. Takeovers raise productivity after acquisition in all regions but by less for the most productive SMEs. Ignoring any productivity gains to acquiring firms, the positive impact in the core region during the years considered is slightly larger than in the periphery, principally because takeovers are more common in the core. As this impact is a contributor to regional divergence, policy should aim to improve the operation of the market for SMEs in the periphery.     

Supervisory support as a major condition to enhance transfer

Supervisory support is perceived as a major condition for enhancing the transfer of training. This article presents two studies that investigated the impact of supervisory behaviour on trainees’ transfer. Both studies were carried out in banking organisations. One study consisted of the investigation of a training programme that provided bank tellers with the knowledge and skills for handling customers’ complaints. The other study focused on the transfer of the training programme ‘legal aspects of bank tellers’ jobs’. In neither study was there any convincing evidence for the impact of supervisory behaviour on the transfer of training. The implications for future research and current practice are discussed here.