关于我国海洋资源资产产权界定问题的探讨

本文对明晰我国海洋资源资产产权的必要性进行了分析,指出由于国家所有权长期缺乏人格化的代表,致使海洋资源资产产权权能缺乏有效界定,使得我国海洋资源资产的现实产权不明晰,造成各利益主体之间的经济关系缺乏协调,权益纠纷迭起。基于此,阐述了海洋资源和海洋资源资产的区别,界定了我国海洋资源资产的产权,明确了国家、经营者之间的海洋资源资产的产权关系,为我国海洋资源资产的产权管理提供了理论依据。     

海洋矿产资源性资产产权制度的生态效益测度方法

论文通过探讨海洋矿产资源性资产产权制度生态效益的测度原理和依据,综合市场价值评估法、替代市场价值评估法、假设市场价值评估法、影子价格法与绿色GDP方法等测度方法建立测度模型,得到海洋矿产资源性资产产权的总生态效益表达式,评估海洋矿产资源性资产产权制度的运行成本,并从环境经济学角度进行分析,从而为我国海洋矿产资源产权制度的改革与完善提供科学决策依据.     

The dilemma of property rights and indigenous institutional arrangements for common resources governance in China

Traditionally, property rights have been seen as an efficient means of optimizing the allocation of common resources. The arrangement of property rights, however, has historically led to a number of social, economic and ecological issues. Herders living in China are currently exploring collective grazing partnerships as they seek to maintain balance between ecological protection and livelihood development in the process of grassland governance. For the purposes of this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the property rights dilemma, offering possible solutions for indigenous institutional arrangements as exemplified in six typical cases. We assert that (1) stakeholders should respect local culture by ensuring the participation of herders in policymaking, (2) the use of fences for the demarcation of property rights is ineffective and often serves as a catalyst for the destruction and degradation of grassland ecosystems, and (3) herders’ use of collective action techniques should be reinvented with the support of state policy.     

水权转换与我国水权制度建设的路径

对宁夏水权流转和初始水权分配的案例进行分析,表明水权制度建设在取得显著成效的同时,由于缺乏用水者的参与和对用水者的水权分配,而产生制度实施效果不佳、制度难以深化的问题.这是行政因素主导下强制性制度变迁的局限性导致的.建议水权制度建设应当着重强化地方的水权配置权,逐步完成向用水户包括农民的初始水权分配,推动水市场发展.     

渔业权历史演变初探

本文通过对不同时期渔业权形态的比较,理清了渔业权历史演变的基本脉络,旨在阐明合理的渔业权对渔业经济发展的重要性,并为其进一步完善提出了些许建议,以期为相关研究者提供一种历史视角.     

自然资源资产产权视角下的水资源现代治理制度改革取向

生态文明与国家治理能力现代化建设要求我国必须加大水资源治理制度的改革力度。深入分析了我国水资源治理制度,认为现行的以水量分配和取水许可为主的水资源治理制度体系存在水量分配固化、权属意识薄弱、治理手段行政化和部门职能重叠等突出问题,这些问题也是水资源治理制度体系改革的内在动因。提出水权制度是现代自然资源资产产权制度在水资源治理领域的表现形式,并论证现代自然资源资产产权制度是新时代水资源治理制度体系建设的制度基础。依据产权理论的确权、交易、监督管理3个相互衔接的制度模块,提出水资源现代治理制度改革取向。建议新时代水资源现代治理制度体系以确权登记为基础、水权为表现形式、市场机制为核心,处理好水权制度与水资源系列规划、生态文明建设、河(湖)长制、流域横向生态补偿、水利工程融资、取水许可制度之间的关系,不断推进水资源治理体系的深化改革,加速建立现代化的水资源治理制度。     

我国海洋渔业资源性资产流失问题探讨

海洋渔业资源性资产是我国海洋资源性资产的重要组成部分.然而,我国海洋渔业资源性资产开发利用过程中流失情况严重且隐蔽性较强,直接影响了海洋经济的可持续发展.因此,对海洋渔业资源性资产流失的研究十分必要.本文通过对海洋渔业资源性资产及其流失界定,指出产权模糊、定价不合理和海洋资源的连带性流失是海洋渔业资源性资产流失原因所在,并从产权管理方面提出相应对策.     

"五个结合"解难题--无锡市对土地权属争议调处机制的创新

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的日益完善,土地权利的经济价值不断显化,人们对土地的权益意识越来越强。土地使用者在维护土地权利的过程中,不可避免的会产生土地权属争议。当前,土地权属争议发生频繁、主体多样,处理难度大。切实调处土地权属争议,有利于维护土地权利人的合法权益,有利于维护正常的土地市场秩序,保证正常的城市建设和政府依法行政。土地权属争议调处中的常见难题各级国土资源部门为了调解和处理土地权属争议耗费了大量的人力、物力和财力,但调处效果并不象社会各界所期望的那样理想。当前,国土部门在处理这个问题上遇到的困…     

试论人力资源计入无形资产的必要性及其可行性

人力资源在知识经济时代正发挥着比传统的有形资产更为重要的作用,但却一直未能进入会计核算的范围。从传统财务会计在无形资产定义与处理的局限性入手,探讨人力资源应计入无形资产的必要性,提出从传统财务会计到人力资源财务会计过渡,把人力资源计入无形资产不仅是必要的而且是可行的。     

我国渔业知识产权存在的问题与对策研究

本文首先提出了渔业知识产权的概念、分类,并分析了渔业知识产权的意义,然后指出我国渔业知识产权的现状不容乐观,数量偏少,质量不高,一些渔业知识产权还被外国主体拥有。为改变这种局面,促进渔业的转型升级与良性发展,我国渔业应当贯彻实施国家知识产权战略,大力发展渔业知识产权。应采取的措施包括促进渔业知识产权的创造和运用,加强渔业知识产权的保护,加强渔业知识产权管理。     

Cutting the web of interests: Pitfalls of formalizing property rights

Property rights to land can be thought of as a web of interests, with many different parties having a right to use, regulate, or manage the resource, which may be based on a range of customary institutions or local norms as well as state law. These interests often play a critical role in livelihoods, social relations, and ecological functions. The formalization of property rights has historically led to a cutting of this web, creating more exclusive forms of rights over the resource. Drawing from case studies in Kenya the paper emphasizes the risk of excluding legitimate claimants in formalization processes that focus on individual titling. By collapsing all rights within individuals, such programs have negated the distinct multiple claims by women, youths, and seasonal users, among others. We examine ways in which formalization processes can secure diverse claims, and highlight the need for a better understanding of the social and ecological implications of existing land tenure before they are undermined by formalization.