开放式创新社区网络创新绩效的影响因素——基于互联网平台的实证研究

利用问卷调查数据,从企业内部能力维度、外部创新源维度、企业与外部创新源关系维度和保障维度四个方面,研究它们对开放式创新社区网络创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明:企业内部能力维度、企业与外部创新源关系维度和保障维度都与开放式创新社区网络的创新绩效正相关;外部创新源维度与开放式创新社区网络创新绩效的技术能力和机会窗口维度正相关,与财务绩效维度负相关。最后就如何在我国实施开放式创新提出建议。     

开放式创新对制造业企业研发投入的影响——政府补助与市场竞争的调节作用

开放式创新已成为发展趋势,但是关于开放式创新如何影响制造业企业研发投入尚未达成一致结论。以2009-2019年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,对开放式创新与企业研发投入关系进行理论和实证检验,并探讨政府补助和市场竞争的调节作用。研究表明：①开放式创新有助于提高企业研发投入;②企业获得政府研发补助越多,外部组织越愿意与其进行开放式创新,企业可用于研发投入的内外部资源也越多;③企业所在行业市场竞争越激烈,企业越倾向采取开放式创新,以通过与外部资源拥有者合作增加研发投入、保持竞争优势。该研究发现可为推动制造业企业实施开放式创新以及加快转型升级提供决策依据与理论支持。     

开放式创新对节能环保企业创新绩效的影响

节能环保企业是节能环保技术创新的重要主体,通过构建理论模型,以上海89家企业数据为基础,就开放式创新对节能环保企业创新绩效的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,节能环保企业对开放式创新具有较强的依赖性,但开放式创新对节能环保企业创新同时具有促进效应和替代效应,外部知识互动提升了节能环保企业创新绩效,也可能导致外部技术依赖;开放式创新在技术开发和创新成果转化上的影响存在差异,节能环保企业应结合不同创新阶段和企业自身特征有效开展外部创新合作;开放式创新需建立在企业内部创新投入的基础之上,节能环保企业应重视内部创新投入与外部技术消化吸收,实现内外部创新要素叠加。     

开放式创新对企业双元创新能力的影响

开放式创新作为新的创新模式,是当今国际创新管理领域的研究重点和热点。在理论分析基础上,通过相关分析、逐步回归分析等实证研究方法,揭示了开放式创新对企业双元创新能力的影响及企业外部社会资本的调节作用。结果表明：①内向型和外向型开放式创新对渐进性创新能力与突破性创新能力均有显著正向影响;②外部关系资本在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力及突破性创新能力之间均有正向调节作用;③外部结构资本在开放式创新与突破性创新能力之间有正向调节作用,但在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力之间的调节作用不显著;④外部认知资本在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力及突破性创新能力之间的调节作用均不显著。     

开放式创新对企业双元创新能力的影响——外部社会资本的调节作用

开放式创新作为新的创新模式,是当今国际创新管理领域的研究重点和热点。在理论分析基础上,通过相关分析、逐步回归分析等实证研究方法,揭示了开放式创新对企业双元创新能力的影响及企业外部社会资本的调节作用。结果表明:(1)内向型和外向型开放式创新对渐进性创新能力与突破性创新能力均有显著正向影响;(2)外部关系资本在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力及突破性创新能力之间均有正向调节作用;(3)外部结构资本在开放式创新与突破性创新能力之间有正向调节作用,但在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力之间的调节作用不显著;(4)外部认知资本在开放式创新与渐进性创新能力及突破性创新能力之间的调节作用均不显著。     

制度与合作环境对企业开放式创新路径的影响——来自中美两国26家企业的模糊集定性比较分析

在以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,我国企业开放式创新面临全新的机遇和挑战,其开放式创新路径选择尤为关键。制度与合作环境是影响企业开放式创新的外部环境。选取中美两国26家典型企业,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,分析制度与合作环境对企业开放式创新路径的影响,并对比分析中美企业开放式创新的多重路径。结果发现：中国企业存在4条高开放式创新绩效获取路径,美国企业存在两条高开放式创新绩效获取路径,核心条件均为知识产权保护或合作广度;当中美企业开放式创新路径中缺少知识产权保护或合作广度时,开放式创新绩效欠佳;中国企业开放式创新过程中,获取外部技术的主要途径是对外直接投资或外商直接投资,长期来看,这并不利于我国开放式创新的持续发展。     

企业开放式创新中知识链模型及管理策略

在开放式创新过程中,知识的创造、获取、转移、共享及利用跨越了组织边界,提高了知识管理的复杂性和动态性,企业需要考虑如何在与利益相关者的知识互动中提高创新绩效。基于开放式创新和知识管理理论,剖析了企业知识链的4个环节——知识获取、知识转移与共享、知识吸收与整合、知识保护与创新,并根据外部知识源的不同,分析了各类外部知识源与核心企业之间的知识管理过程。     

由封闭式创新向开放式创新的转变

开放式创新是指企业利用和整合外部知识资源进行创新和商业化过程,以及将内部有价值的创意、知识、技术输出到组织外部,由其它组织来进行商业化过程。本文比较了开放式创新与封闭式创新模式的内涵、基本原则及绩效,分析了中国产业发展所面临的创新模式封闭、自主创新能力不足的问题,在此基础上提出在开放式创新范式下的产业和企业发展新举措。     

浅析开放式创新全过程中互补资产的作用

随着经济全球化趋势的发展,进行开放式创新从而获取技术创新所需的关键资源成为企业获得竞争力的重要途径.外部互补资产的获取变成一个影响开放式创新全过程的重要因素.本文在对企业如何利用互补资产进行分析的基础上,结合开放式创新模式,提出开放式创新企业利用互补资产战略决策流程与互补资产影响开放式创新全过程概念模型,旨在回答企业如何在开放式创新中利用互补资产获取有利地位这一重要问题.对于开放式的创新实践,有一定的参考意义和借鉴价值.     

“内外兼修”的质量管理能力如何影响企业创新绩效——来自开放式创新视角

基于组织学习理论与资源基础理论,以互补性知识资源作为中介变量,基于开放式创新视角构建“内外兼修”的质量管理能力与企业创新绩效关系模型。结果表明,外部质量管理能力与内部质量管理能力均有利于企业创新绩效提升;互补性知识资源在质量管理能力与创新绩效间发挥部分中介效应;内向开放式创新负向调节外部质量管理能力与互补性知识资源的关系,且存在有调节的中介作用,而外向开放式创新的调节作用不显著。结论可为不同类型质量管理能力对创新绩效的影响提供理论依据,并为开放式创新情境下本土企业战略选择与质量管理实践提供支持。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.