纵向财政关系改革与基层政府财力保障:准自然实验分析

基层政府的财力保障关系到整个国家财政职能的履行。如何调整政府间纵向财政关系以提升基层政府的财力水平,是加快建立现代财政制度的重要问题。近年来,省直管县财政体制改革的推行成为理顺政府间纵向财政关系的一项重要尝试,为实证研究纵向财政关系改革对县级基层政府财力保障的影响提供了准自然实验分析的条件。本文基于全国县级数据,利用倾向得分匹配-双重差分法(PSM-DID),研究省直管县这一纵向财政关系改革对县级可支配财力的影响,并且对其影响路径加以识别。研究结果表明,改革对县级可支配财力的提高具有显著促进作用;相比于本级财政收入,改革对上级转移支付的提升作用更为明显,说明改革更多的是通过约束地级市对县级转移支付的截留行为,实现了县级基层政府财力水平的提高。     

HOME ECONOMICS: A SOCIO-PRACTICAL FIELD

It is suggested that Home Economics is a socio-practical field, and an account of this new concept together with a consideration of the relation of theory and practice in a socio-practical field are given. The implications of this for Home Economics are discussed and an outline of what a home economics theory would look like, given that Home Economics is a socio-practical field, is put forward.     

The market ethic: Moral dilemmas and microeconomics

Brief cases written as multiple choice questions can provide the basis for a classroom game based on business ethics. This teaching note describes the organization of such a game and provides five sample cases.Julianne Nelson is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the Stern School of Business of New York University. She has also taught at the Ecole Superieure de Commerce in Tours, France. Her publications have appeared in theInternational Economic Review, Economics Letters, theJournal of Regulatory Economics, theJournal of Business Ethics, andJapan and the World Economy.I would like to thank my students for their suggestions and support of this project. This research was supported by a grant from the Rundin Foundation.     

Globalisation: Recent traits and challenges

This special issue gathers together twelve papers that revisit a range of core topics in the field of international economics. These papers were presented at the XIX Conference on International Economics (CIE) held in Vila-Real (Spain) on 28th–29th June 2018. The Conference was co-organized by researchers from the Spanish Association of International Economics and Finance (AEEFI) and the Institute of International Economics (IEI). The selected papers are stimulating pieces that shed new light on recent trends in globalization as well as some of the main challenges that need to be faced in the presence of the multiple yield curves that emerged after the credit crunch. The CIE also included two keynote lectures by Laura Alfaro (Harvard Business School) and Gabriel Quirós (IMF) as well as 64 selected contributions.     

Ethics vs. economics: The issue of free trade with Mexico

The authors, one an ethicist and the other an economist, look at the issue of free trade with Mexico and other low wage rate countries from the viewpoints of their disciplines. The conclusion of the paper is that these disciplines differ on their priorities and analytical methods, not on their objectives.LaRue Tone Hosmer is professor of Corporate Strategy and Managerial Ethics at the Graduate School of Business Administration of the University of Michigan. He is the author ofMoral Leadership in Business (Irwin, 1993),The Ethics of Management, 2nd Edition (Irwin, 1991), andStrategic Management (Prentice-Hall, 1984).Scott E. Masten is associate professor of Business Economics and Public Policy at the Graduate School of Business Administration of the University of Michigan. His work has appeared in theAmerican Economic Review, theJournal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, and theJournal of Law, Economics, and Organization.     

The economic and fiscal consequences of immigration: highlights from the National Academies report

Business Economics - The National Academies report The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration (Blau and Mackie 2017) summarizes recent trends in immigration numbers and...     

城市房价与全要素生产率:“挤出效应”与“筛选效应”

本文主要关注城市房价对整体全要素生产率和企业个体全要素生产率影响的差异性,重点分析城市房价上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应"与"倒逼效应"。利用230个地级市数据和微观工业企业数据,采用工具变量法分别检验了房价对城市整体以及工业企业全要素生产率的差异性影响。实证结果表明,城市高房价显著抑制了城市全要素生产率水平的提升,这种抑制效应主要来自房地产投资对实体经济资金的"挤占效应"和"资源错配效应"。城市房价快速上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应",使房价快速增长城市工业企业的全要素生产率一般会较高。如果对留存企业的"倒逼效应"难以抵消房价上涨带来的效率损失时,房价快速上涨累积形成的高房价与工业企业生产率之间会存在一种"倒U型"曲线关系。城市房价快速上涨对服务业企业的"锁定效应"与生产率的"侵蚀效应",使房价快速上涨及高房价城市中工业企业全要素生产率较高,但城市整体生产率水平较低。稳健性分析也支持了以上研究结论。     

流通理论在经济学中的回归:一个学说史的考察

国内一些学者一直致力于流通理论或流通经济学的构建,并取得了积极的进展,积累了宝贵的经验,但仍未能摆脱流通理论的贫困状态。对于如何构建流通理论,学界有不同的观点,尤其对于流通理论的一些基本问题依然存在争论。文章主要沿着古典经济学、新古典经济学、制度经济学和新兴古典经济学的发展脉络,探寻流通理论在经济学中的踪迹,以期对诸如流通理论的存在性、流通理论的研究对象或核心范畴、流通理论与新兴经济学派之间的关系等问题做进一步的探讨。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Masayoshi Tsurumi, Financial Big Bang in Asia R.K. Turner, I.J. Bateman, W.N. Adger, The Economics of Coastal and Water Resources: Valuing Environmental Functions Magnus Blomström and Linda S. Goldberg, Topics in International Economics: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert E. Lipsey Günther G. Schulze and Heinrich W. Ursprung, International Environmental Economics, A Survey of the Issues     

延迟退休政策宣告与城镇家庭储蓄率变动

具体内容不明的待实施政策也有可能造成实际的经济影响,事前预期在其中扮演重要角色。本文利用延迟退休政策宣告这一外生冲击,使用中国家庭追踪调查的微观数据实证检验了延迟退休政策对城镇家庭储蓄率的影响。我们的研究首次发现,延迟退休政策宣告显著地降低了城镇家庭的储蓄率,主要影响途径为家庭的可预期收入增加。平均而言,家庭中每多一个尚未退休的劳动力,其储蓄率大约降低5%;可供工作的时间每多一年,储蓄率大约降低0.2%。该宣告效应在不同家庭之间存在较大差异。关注社会经济新闻和临近退休的家庭对此更加敏感,而储蓄率较高、流动性约束宽松的家庭相对不易于降低其储蓄率。延迟退休能够有效释放城镇居民储蓄,但必须对潜在受影响人群加以区别对待,不搞"一刀切",且应较有弹性地实施。在确认宣告效应存在的前提下,延迟退休政策的出台应该尽快披露后续安排,稳定居民预期。     

When Shopbots Meet Emails: Implications for Price Competition on the Internet

Quantitative Marketing and Economics - The Internet has dramatically reduced search costs for customers by using such technologies as shopbots. Email based targeting is relatively inexpensive; the...     

贸易便利化能否通过贸易创造促进省际贸易——来自中国贸易便利化调研的证据

本文使用能够由企业判断反馈的、具有省域区分度的变量,通过问卷调查测度了中国的贸易便利化水平,并在此基础上使用开埠通商历史作为工具变量,从贸易创造和贸易转移的视角,用引力模型实证研究了贸易便利化对中国各省份国际贸易和省际贸易的影响及其作用机理。结果显示,在控制关税等因素的情况下,贸易便利化水平的提升能够大幅提升我国各省份的对外贸易;不同地区贸易便利化作用的差异也揭示了我国对外开放的节奏和效果;虽然贸易便利化会带来贸易转移效应,短期抑制省际贸易,但是它能够通过国际贸易促进省际贸易,从而提高国内经济相互融合的水平。     

Does East Meet West in Business Ethics: An Introduction to the Special Issue

This article introduces and summarizes selected papers from the first World Business Ethics Forum held in Hong Kong and Macau in November 2006, co-hosted by the Hong Kong Baptist University and by the University of Macau. Business Ethics in the East remain distinct from those in the West, but the distinctions are becoming less pronounced and the ethical traffic flows both ways. Gabriel D, Donleavy is Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Macau teaching Business Ethics, Business Negotiation and Advanced Management. His work has been published in Critical Perspectives in Accounting, Corporate Governance, the Journal of Business Ethics, Advances in Applied Business Strategy, the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Long Range Planning and the Asian Review of Accounting which he co-founded. Kit-Chun Joanna LAM is Professor in Department of Economics of the Hong Kong Baptist University. She is also Guest Professor in the Centre for Business Ethics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China. She received her Ph.D. degree in economics from Harvard University. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Labor Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economica, Journal of Comparative Economics, and Labour Economics. Simon S.M. Ho is Dean and Professor at the School of Business and Director for Corporate Governance and Financial Policy, Hong Kong Baptist University. He founded the Asia-Pacific Corporate Governance Conference and the world’s first master programme in corporate governance & directorship in 2004. He published over 40 academic refereed articles in leading journals such as Journal of Accounting, Accounting & Finance, Journal of Accounting & Public Policy, and Journal of Corporate Finance.     

中国城市的经济韧性及由来:产业结构多样化视角

面对诸多来自内外部环境的不利因素,中国经济的"韧性"变得尤为重要。本文开创性地将经济韧性引入对中国现实情况的实证研究中,在反事实实验的框架下运用GMM-SL-SAR-RE模型分期测度230个城市的经济韧性,同时构建涵盖工业与服务业44个大类的产业结构多样化指标和产业结构调整指标对城市经济韧性的差异性进行解释。研究结论显示,面对2008年全球金融危机的外部冲击,中国各城市间的经济韧性表现出较大的差异性,拥有多样化产业结构的大城市更能抵御风险。更为重要的是,当经济进入恢复调整期后,越多样化的城市就越具有调整能力,这些城市通过发展"新经济",激励新一轮更高效的生产活动,从而获得长久和坚实的经济韧性。由此可见,多样化的产业结构不仅有助于城市抵御外部冲击,而且能够为冲击后的适应性结构调整提供更大的空间,是中国城市经济韧性的关键所在。     

Around Europe: A Spanish Colloquium on Ethical Business

Markets, Efficiency, Competition and Corruption were the topics discussed at the Second Colloquium on Economics and Business Ethics held last October in IESE (International Graduate School of Management), Barcelona. This report is from the Professor of Economics, who is also a member of the Executive Committee of the European Business Ethics Network.     

国家治理现代化框架下中国财政改革实践和理论建设的再认识

40年的改革进程中,财政作为国家治理的基础和重要支柱,不仅有效发挥了以"政"领"财",为实现国家改革战略提供根本保障的基础作用,而且积极履行因"财"施"政",根据改革需求优化财政结构,提升财政效率,对建立现代财政制度、实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了重要的制度支撑。在总结40年财政改革实践的经验、逻辑和特征的基础上,对具有中国特色的财政本质、功能和规律进行深化认识和理论归纳,对于形成中国特色社会主义财政规律的基本认识,明确新时代我国财政发展面临的形势与任务,思考新时代中国特色社会主义财政理论建设的基本方向,都是非常重要的。本文通过对40年中国财政改革实践和理论建设的思考,对上述问题进行探索。     

Matthew Yglesias: One Billion Americans: The Case for Thinking Bigger

Business Economics -     

Nicholas Wapshott: Samuelson Friedman: The Battle Over the Free Market

Business Economics -     

Jesse Norman: Adam Smith: what he thought,and why it matters

Business Economics -     

税收征管、企业避税与企业全要素生产率——基于2002年企业所得税分享改革的自然实验

提高全要素生产率(TFP)是加快转变经济发展方式的关键。税收征管力度的高低会直接影响企业的生产经营决策,从而影响企业的发展转型。本文基于2002年实施的企业所得税分享改革自然实验,采用双倍差分法(DID)探讨了税收征管对企业TFP的影响。研究发现:(1)税收征管力度的下降会降低企业的TFP水平;(2)机制探讨过程发现,降低税收征管力度会增加企业避税行为,而避税增加会减少企业的研发投入,从而对企业TFP产生负面影响;(3)异质性分析发现,税收征管对非高新技术企业、非民族自治区域企业以及高避税程度企业的TFP的负面影响更大。本文的研究结论对于未来的税收体制改革具有重要启示。