BOOKS REVIEWED AND RECEIVED

Book reviews in this article: Consumer Protection. The Consumer Society. Ed, by I. R. C. Hirst and W. Duncan Reekie, Tavistock Publications Women at Work. By L. Mackie and P. Pattullo. Research Studies in Advertising. 10. The Consumer Movement and The Consumer. By Christina Fulop.     

BOOK REVIEWED ANDRECEIVED

Book reviews in this article: Microwave—the Cooking Revolution. By Jenny M. Webb. The Consumer's Guide to Local Government. Ed. by Martin Minogue for the National Consumer Council. Junior Home Economics. By A.Moloney. Sex Roles. By S. Weitz.     

Learning about corruption: Reviews,roots, and Russia

R. Rose‐Ackerman. 1999. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 266 pages. ISBN 0‐521‐63293‐5. R. Neild. 2002. Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution. London: Anthem Press. 250 pages. ISBN 1‐84331‐065‐1. D. E. Hoffman. 2002. The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia. New York: Public Affairs. 567 pages. ISBN 1‐58648‐001‐4.     

Business ethics and the international trade in hazardous wastes

The annual production of hazardous wastes which was less than 10 million metric tonnes in the 1940s is now in excess of 320 million metric tonnes. These wastes are, in the main, by-products of industrial processes that have contributed significantly to the economic development of many countries which, in turn, has led to lifestyles that also generate hazardous wastes. The phenomenal increase in the generation of hazardous wastes coupled with various barriers to local disposal has led to the thriving international trade in these environmentally hazardous substances. This paper examines the nature of the international trade in hazardous wastes and the ethical issues associated with such business activity. Jang B. Singh, B. A. (Toronto), M.A. (St. Thomas), M.A. (Toronto), M.B.A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto), is Associate Professor of Business Administration at the University of Windsor. His research focus is on ethical issues involved in the management process. He also maintains a keen interest in issues related to business activity in the Third World. V. Chris Lakhan, M.A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto), F.R.G.S. is an Associate Professor affiliated with the Department of Geography and the Institute for International and Developmental Studies at the University of Windsor. He specializes in computer modeling, and theoretical and applied research on remote sensing, environmental impacts, and natural resources utilization.     

Der neue Protektionismus der USA

The decisions of the U.S. administration to levy additional duties on the import of steel, aluminium and washing machines are the first policy changes by U.S. President Trump that will directly affect existing U.S. trade flows. These recent decisions point to a new trend towards more protectionism in the U.S. and raise the fear that similar trade policy changes, which will ultimately harm both the U.S. economy and the international rule-based trading system, will soon follow. The article analyses the economic and political consequences of the new U.S. import tariffs in the light of an increasingly restrictive U.S. trade policy.     

美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因

美国贸易逆差以及主要由贸易逆差造成的经常帐户赤字已成为世界经济关注的热点问题。对美国贸易逆差产生原因的解释众多,本文以主流经济学分析框架得出美国储蓄不足是美国贸易逆差的根本原因的结论。美国国内储蓄不足导致外国资本的流入。外国资本一方面为美国提供了购买力,补充了美国的储蓄,另一方面,美国可用外国提供的购买力进口产品,满足自己的需求。美国的贸易逆差是其储蓄不足的结果。从全球视角出发,其他国家的储蓄增加,为美国补充了储蓄,为美国贸易逆差的产生提供了外部条件。认识美国贸易逆差产生的原因,可以更有利地支撑美国贸易逆差与中国对其贸易顺差没有根本联系的观点,及人民币汇率问题不是美国贸易逆差根本原因的观点。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Retail Meat Cuts in Great Britain . Technical Editors: C. D. Figg, J. W. Strother and R. J. Tyler JP. The Law of Consumer Protection and Fair Trading.     

BOOKS RECEIVED

Estimating UK Energy Demand for the Year 2000: A sectoral Approach. By J. H. Cheshire and A. J. Surrey. The Child as Consumer. Bibliography by Jarmila Lentink. The Microwave Cookbook. By Jenny M. Webb. Textles.     

金融危机对美国对外贸易、贸易收支和经济增长的影响

金融危机通过对美国进口的抑制作用和对美国出口的刺激作用,改变美国的对外贸易规模和结构。金融危机对美国对外贸易的影响将首先传导到美国的贸易收支账户,收缩美国的贸易逆差。美国贸易逆差的收缩将传导到美国的国民收入账户,在一定程度上支撑美国的经济增长。所以,美国正在通过对外贸易输出金融危机。     

China—The new paradox

Ian Rae and Morgan Witzel. 2004. Singular and Different: Business in China, Past, Present and Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 173 pages. ISBN: 1‐4039‐1722‐1. Sheila Oakley. 2002. Labor Relations in China's Socialist Market Economy. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. 231 pages. ISBN: 1‐56720‐589‐5. Ilan Alon (Ed.). 2003. Chinese Culture, Organizational Behavior, and International Business Management. Westport, CT: Praeger. 270 pages. ISBN: 1‐56720‐456‐1.     

Outward Foreign Direct Investment,Interindustry Networks,and U.S. Trade Politics

This article investigates how outward foreign direct investment by U.S. multinational corporations influences industry lobbying for trade protection in the United States, focusing on interindustry structure of goods sales networks between upstream and downstream sectors and also on the multinationals’ input procurement patterns. If foreign affiliates of U.S. multinationals switch input sources from U.S. to host-country suppliers, U.S. suppliers should receive a negative demand shock, ceteris paribus. An empirical test finds that those U.S. upstream sectors that are highly dependent upon U.S. multinationals for goods sales tend to lobby more as the multinationals’ overseas production and sales increase.     

后危机时代中国对美出口贸易的发展趋势

国际金融危机下由于美国进口增长速度放缓和进口结构发生变化,中国对美出口贸易增长速度放缓,出口结构发生变化,中方贸易顺差下降。后危机时代影响中国对美出口的主要因素还包括美元不断贬值,美国经济增长放缓和消费需求减少,美国贸易政策的改变和中国出口成本的上升,建议加强对美市场的调研、完善对美出口的市场监督机制和及时调整人民币汇率政策。     

Online/offline (hybrid) consumers and the attention economy

Yoram (Jerry) Wind, Vijay Mahajan, & Robert Gunther. 2002. Convergence Marketing: Strategies for Reaching the New Hybrid Consumer. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 368 pages. ISBN 0‐13065‐075‐7. Thomas H. Davenport & John C. Beck. 2001. The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. 272 pages. ISBN 1‐57851‐871‐7.     

Movies and the Mystery of the Missing Trade: Is Hollywood Good for U.S. Exporters?

Research has shown that consumers have a preference for goods based on the origin of production. This is important because it suggests that, in some cases, even lowering trade barriers may not significantly increase trade flows. In particular, flows may be lower than are predicted by trade theories such as Heckscher-Ohlin. Despite evidence that home consumption bias exists in many countries, it is only recently that research has begun to examine the sources of this bias.

This article fills a gap in the literature by testing a model that addresses the source of this consumption bias. The paper's model incorporates consumers' exposure to foreign products and culture through media imports and tourist visits as factors affecting consumers' preferences for foreign products. Using panel data from 19 countries, the article's results support the hypothesis that lagged exports of U.S. movies have a positive impact on other U.S. exports. Some evidence is also found of a positive effect of tourist visits on U.S. exports.

Since U.S. media exports may generate demand for other U.S. goods and services, opening up foreign media markets should receive a higher priority in U.S. trade negotiations. Another interesting implication of the paper is that overall U.S. export losses resulting from media piracy may be lower than previously calculated, as the consumption of pirated media products may increase demand for other U.S. exports.     

Some Considerations about Low-Carbon Logistics

More and more People have paid attention to low-carbon logistics.This article,based on the characteristics of low-carbon logistics,proposes the effective ways to achieve low-carbon logistics,including logistics information,effective supply chain management,establishing environmental logistics and reverse logistics.     

美国对外贸易的理念和货物贸易的基本格局

自由贸易是美国对外贸易的基本理念。贸易自由化是战后美国对外贸易政策的基本特征,原因在于贸易自由化每年给美国带来1万亿美元左右的收益。对美国货物贸易的基本格局可以从五个方面认识:美国是世界上进出口规模最大的国家;美国进口规模比出口规模对世界经济的影响更大;美国是世界上最大的贸易逆差国,享受了世界最多的物质财富;美国贸易条件的变动表明对外贸易格局有利于美国;美国进口规模扩大与产业结构升级的结合演变为美国结构性增长优势。     

Book Reviews

Quantitative Methods, for Trade-Barrier Analysis by SAM LAIRD and ALEXANDER YEATS. London: Macmillan 1990. The NEW. Global Economy and the Developing Countries: Essays in International Economics and development by G. K. HELLEINER. Alder-shot: Edward Elgar. 1990. Pacific. Basin Developing Countries: Prospects for. the Future by MARCUS NOLAND. Washington: Institute for International Economics, 1990. Prospects, for. the Business Sector. in Developing Countries. THE WORLD BANK. Washington (available in Britain from Microinfo Ltd, PO Box 3, Omega Park, Alton, Hampshire, GU34 2PG): International Finance Corporation. 1989.     

Why Is It (Un-)ethical? Comparing Potential European Partners: A Western Christian and An Eastern Islamic Country – On Arguments Used in Explaining Ethical Judgments

Located at the crossroads of the Eastern and Western world, Turkey today is characterized by a demographically versatile and modernizing society as well as a rapidly developing economy. Currently, the country is negotiating its accession to the European Union. This article yields some factual grounding into the ongoing value-related debate concerning Turkey’s potential EU-membership. It describes a mixed-methodology study on moral reasoning in Austria and Turkey. In this study, the arguments given by individuals when evaluating ethically problematic situations in business were compared. Although there were major consistencies, a number of differences were found. These differences, however, were not in the substance (categories) of arguments used but in their relative frequency. Overall, our findings suggest that young, well-educated urban individuals from Western Christian and Eastern Islamic countries are highly consistent in their moral reasoning. Katharina J. Srnka is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Vienna, Austria, and has been teaching at different European universities and institutions. Dr. Srnka received her Ph.D. from University of Vienna for her work on cultural influences on ethical decision making in marketing. Her research interests concern qualitative and mixed research methods, consumer behavior, and cross-cultural marketing ethics. A. Ercan Gegez is Associate Professor of Marketing at Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr. Gegez holds a Ph.D. from Marmara University in the field of International Marketing. He is one of the founding members of The Turkish Marketing Association and he has served as a member of the supervisory board. His research interests include international marketing, marketing research and marketing ethics. S. Burak Arzova is Associate Professor of Accounting at Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey. Dr. Arzova holds a Ph.D. from Marmara University in the field of Accounting for his work on Activity Based Cost Management. His research interests comprise accounting ethics, cost management and international financial standards.     

Is American manufacturing in decline?

There is a widespread view that American manufacturing is in decline. This view reflects many factors. First, real GDP growth during the current business expansion has been the weakest in the post-World War II period. Second, over the decade from 2000 to 2010 manufacturing employment declined by about 6 million. Third, persistent manufacturing trade deficits have led many observers to conclude that U.S. competitiveness has eroded. This paper discusses these arguments and suggests that, instead, U.S. manufacturing is a leading growth sector and has remained strongly competitive internationally. We show that traditional domestic economic forces adequately explain recent trends in U.S. manufacturing output and employment growth. The recent reduction in the corporate income tax rate may further boost the fortunes of the U.S. manufacturing sector, although this favorable development could be offset by a more restrictive international trade regime.     

Folgen der Finanzkrise für die globalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung Prof. Dr. Rolf J. Langhammer, 61, ist Vizepr?sident des Instituts für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel. Prof. Dr. Gunther Schnabl, 42, ist Leiter des Instituts für Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universit?t Leipzig. Jürgen Matthes, 41, Dipl.-Volkswirt, leitet das Referat Internationale Wirtschaftspolitik im Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft K?ln. K. MIchael Finger, 62, Dipl.-Volkswirt, war bis vor Kurzem Senior Economist in der Economic Research and Statistics Division der WTO. Prof. Dr. Andreas Freytag, 46, hat den Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftspolitik der Friedrich-Schiller-Universit?t Jena inne und ist Senior Fellow beim European Centre for International Political Economy; Sebastian Voll, 25, Dipl.-Volkswirt, ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftspolitik der Friedrich-Schiller-Universit?t Jena.