Education of disadvantaged children

There are at least two basic strategies for finding answers to the questions posed: what compensatory programs are “successful”, for which groups of children, and at what cost? The first strategy involves the design and execution of a series of controlled experiments in education; the second involves statistical analyses of existing compensatory education programs. In line with the first strategy, next year, the Follow Through program will fund a series of educational demonstration programs based on a “menu” of different curricula for children in the early elementary grades. Participating school districts will opt for one or another of the approaches offered, and will, in the course of the year, receive the advice and counsel of consultants in implementing the approach selected. A second—and complementary—basic strategy for finding out what works in compensatory education capitalizes on the wealth of information waiting to be collected on the operation of existing programs.

Since the spring of 1967, staff members of the Office of the Secretary of DHEW, the Office of Education, and a contractor—TEMPO, a division of General Electric Company—have been engaged in a pilot cost-effectiveness analysis of compensatory education programs. For the 11 districts studied, two distinct developments appear to have occurred in pupil performance: first, there appears to have been a slight decline in average pupil achievement in the sample schools. At the same time, there appears to have been a slight improvement in the achievement of pupils who are at the lowest achievement levels in their respective grades. The achievement data from the districts in the study indicate considerable variation in achievement results. The conduct and content of compensatory programs vary greatly. Preliminary analysis suggests that the amount of achievement increase is positively related to the level of expenditures for compensatory education programs.

To make real progress in assessing the effectiveness of alternative education programs and to overcome the difficulties discussed throughout this paper, we see the need to pursue two major courses of action. The first concerns the funding of controlled experiments introducing major variations into school programs, using comparable measures of program costs, inputs and effectiveness over time. The second is a frontal assault on evaluation in the form of a cooperative effort with a small number of interested States and local school districts to carry out a longitudinal study of compensatory programs.     

Employee involvement in American corporations

At the direction of the U.S. Senate subcommittee on Governmental Affairs, the general Accounting Office (GAO) conducted a survey of employee involvement practices within American companies. The population consisted of top management within Fortune's 500 largest manufacturing and 500 largest service companies. An analysis of the data examined three broad areas relating to employee involvement: (1) the existing organizational programs and processes such as personnel practices, information sharing, and training; (2) the degree of corporate participation in specific employee involvement programs including the reasons for undertaking employee involvement programs, and the perceived barriers to the implementation of employee involvement programs; and (3) the perceived effect of employee involvement on organizational operation as measured by changes in indicators of performance and activities within the internal business environment.     

Investing in Research and Education versus Commodity Programs: Implications for Agricultural Productivity

The long-term impact of research, education, and various government support programs on U.S. agricultural productivity was analyzed using an error correction model. Results indicate that the proposed reduction in commodity program expenditures (e.g. 1996 Farm Bill) is unlikely to reduce agricultural productivity. Results suggest that shifting public funds from commodity programs to education and research would raise U.S. agricultural productivity. Our estimates of long-term rates of return to public research are lower than those from most previous, perhaps due to our improved model specification, but are high enough to justify continued public investments to raise productivity.     

Agglomeration economies and university program creation in the knowledge economy

Existing academic literature on the relationship between agglomeration economies and university activities is both under-theorized and relatively sparse in terms of empirical examination. This paper addresses each of these voids by contributing and analyzing a market model of pro-revenue education program creation such as graduate-level executive business education (e.g. EMBA) that reveals some intriguing characteristics. For instance, it shows that demand for these pro-revenue programs is inelastic and therefore uniquely determines their availability. More specifically, we show that through agglomeration economies these types of education programs are more likely to emanate from universities located in metropolitan areas and from less academically prestigious universities. Regression analysis of a cross-section of national public universities lends support to important facets of our formal model by suggesting that agglomeration economies continue to increase the probability of offering EMBA programs through a city size of approximately 2.12 million and that the probability that a given business school will offer an EMBA is negatively related to the academic prestige of the institution to which it is affiliated.     

党员科技教育“动车组”模式构建研究

广西壮族自治区党委组织部、自治区科技厅从2011年1月起联合实施了广西党员科技教育"动车组"项目,并取得了明显成效。文章对党员科技教育"动车组"的内涵、党员科技教育的4个基本要素及党员科技教育"动车组"模式构建原则等进行了分析,提出了完善党员科技教育的建议。     

The effects of higher education policy on the location decision of individuals: Evidence from Florida's Bright Futures Scholarship Program

Over the past two decades, numerous states have adopted merit-based aid programs to subsidize higher education for in-state students. One of the main objectives of these programs is to increase the stock of educated labor in the state by retaining those whose education is subsidized. This study provides evidence on the extent to which such a program in Florida has affected the location decision of college-educated Florida natives. The analysis utilizes a difference-in-difference approach and data from the Census and American Community Survey (ACS). The results indicate that those eligible for the program are significantly more likely to locate in Florida after completing their education than those who were not eligible. These results are robust to a number of alternative specifications, including a comparison with neighboring states.     

导播技术在教育节目中的应用

目前,现代远程教育、网络教育、开放教育、终身教育发展十分迅速、广泛。教育节目的制作中,导播的地位越来越重要。导播技术在教育节目中的应用也显得十分重要。导播技术不仅仅是一种纯技术的应用,更重要的是结合现代的教育理念,制作出信息量充足、符合教育规律的高水平教育节目。在直播节目中一个至关重要的环节解释导播环节。笔者结合教育节目的制作现状分析探讨了导播技术在教育节目中的应用。     

A private universal voucher program’s effects on traditional public schools

K-12 education reformers have often cited increases in spending with little noticeable gain in test scores, coupled with the fact that American students lag behind their foreign peers on standardized tests, as a major policy problem. School choice, specifically voucher programs, have emerged as a possible solution to the K-12 education woes. This article focuses on what is commonly referred to as the “systemic effects” of a private voucher program in the Edgewood Independent School District (EISD) in San Antonio, Texas. Using carefully chosen control districts and a robust econometric analysis, we conclude that the CEO Horizon Scholarship Program had small, positive effects on the traditional public schools of EISD. The rate of change growth, however, does slow as the voucher program nears the end of its term indicating that traditional public school participants need to believe that these programs are long term.     

The relationship between burn-out and psychological resiliency levels of special education teachers in a developing economy

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between burn-out and psychological resiliency levels of special education teachers based on some demographic variables. 70 special education teachers working at 7 special education schools affiliated to North Cyprus Ministry of Education Primary Education Management Office and 21 schools which has special education mainstreaming room participated in this research. The Maslach Burn-Out Scale was used in this study to determine burn-out levels of special education teachers while the Psychological Resiliency Scale for Adults was used to determine their psychological resiliency levels. The study revealed a negative relationship between family cohesion (a sub-dimension of psychological resiliency) and emotional burn-out and desensitization (the sub-dimensions of burn-out), and it found no significant difference for gender in terms of both variables. The emotional burn-out score (a sub-dimension of burn-out scale) differed significantly based on the daily working hours of teachers. There is however a significant difference between “structural style” scores (the sub-dimension of psychological resiliency) based on educational status, as well as between desensitization scores of special education teachers and age.

     

G856和GSM-19T质子磁力仪观测数据日变改正处理新方法

使用G856和GSM-19T质子磁力仪在同一个测区进行磁测数据采集,由于这两种型号的质子磁力仪观测数据文件格式不一样,用其配套软件相互日变改正特别困难和繁琐,并且用其配套软件日变改正没有五点或七点滑动平均。为了解决这些问题,在Microsoft Office Excel平台编写五点或七点滑动平均和日变改正VBA程序。该程序经实验验证和一个测区20971个磁测数据生产应用验证表明VBA程序的正确性。这个VBA程序适用不同型号的质子磁力仪观测数据之间日变改正,只要把观测数据转换到Microsoft Office Excel中并插入VBA程序代码即可进行日变改正,非常实用、快捷。     

Survival analysis software on MS/PC-DOS computers

There exist more than a dozen MS/PC-DOS programs with the capability of performing some form of survival analysis. Most of these are reviewed here, with respect to (1) the survival analysis methods they cover, (2) their ease of use and flexibility, (3) their user interface, (4) their graphics capabilities, and (5) their computational accuracy.     

综合性大学工业设计专业人才培养体系的探索

本文对当前国内外工业设计教育的特点和发展情况进行了分析,并结合当前国内工业设计教育出现的一些问题,探讨了新形势下综合性大学工业设计专业人才培养方向、课程设置、师资队伍等方面的问题,提出了具体的"K+S"型人才培养模式的构建体系。     

影响在校大学生对未来迷茫的学校因素分析

通过对十六所高校进行大学生对未来迷茫的学校因素分析的调查中,对大学生迷茫的学校因素进行了探讨"大学生迷茫"现象依旧是当代高等教育的热点。中国社会调查所、中华英才网的调查显示:迷茫并不是一个个别现象,大多数学生都曾或正在经历这种煎熬。本文将结合心理学的理论知识,从个体心理发展的角度探究"大学生迷茫"现象的原因,从而对症下药,为大学生走出"迷茫"怪圈作出指导。     

Survival of the fittest: Technical assistance,survival and growth of small businesses and implications for public policy

Concerns about the value of government programs that provide management and technical assistance have been the subject of debate among researchers and policymakers. Based on an analysis of a multiyear survey sponsored by the U.S. Small Business Administration's Office of Entrepreneurial Development, we examine the relationship between managerial and technical assistance and firm survival, as well as the relationship between the characteristics of technical assistance and financial and employment growth. Overall, findings suggest that managerial and technical assistance have a positive effect on both survival and growth, but these effects depend on the size of the firm, characteristics of the counseling experience, as well as age and other demographic differences. Implications for public policy are discussed.     

国际货运代理实务课程共享资源库建设理念探索

随着高职教育教学改革的不断深入,各级各类学校的课程共享资源库建设也进行得如火如荼。通过对课程资源库建设理念偏差分析,探索出国际货运代理课程共享资源库建设的基本理念。不仅改革了高职教育教学模式,对课程共享资源库建设也具有重要的社会价值。     

Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies

Abstract

Despite the worldwide increase in entrepreneurship education offered at universities, there is an ongoing debate whether and under which conditions this type of education contributes to students’ entrepreneurial learning. Building on human capital theory, we hypothesize that the exposure to various entrepreneurship education initiatives has an inverted U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurial learning outcomes. We also argue that this relationship is moderated by the entrepreneurial experience of the students, the teaching pedagogy applied in entrepreneurial initiatives offered at the university and the prevalence of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in the country. A multi-level analysis on a cross-country sample of 87,918 students resulting from GUESSS (‘Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey’) strongly confirms our hypotheses, and allows us to discuss implications for researchers, educators and policy makers with respect to the nature of entrepreneurial learning, the design of entrepreneurial education programs, as well as the contextual conditions that impact entrepreneurial learning outcomes.     

高等体育院校体育教育专业毕业生就业问题研究

本文运用文献资料和调查等研究方法,以西安体育学院为例,对其2010和2012届本科体育教育专业毕业生和用人单位进行了调查研究,发现目前体育教育专业毕业生就业现状不容乐观,就业呈多元化趋势,社会对体育教育专业人才规格要求趋向"通用型"、"复合型"。通过调研分析,旨在拓展体育教育专业毕业生的就业渠道和提高就业率,为体育教育专业的人才培养方案和课程体系改革提供参考。     

Professional education in urban planning: A framework for growth

Expanded interest in socio-economic problems have created new opportunities for the urban planning profession. Because of their emphasis on physical and land-use aspects of the city, traditional educational programs in urban planning have been unable to deal adequately with these new opportunities. Changes in program orientation and emphasis to meet these new challenges have started to take place in some urban planning departments. It remains to be seen how effective some of these changes will be over the long run.

This paper considers some current aspects of urban planning education. The role of professional education in our society is examined along with the role of science in planning. Based on this analysis, a framework is proposed for the future growth of professional education in urban planning. Because of its strong orientation towards a “science of planning”, this proposal appears to be somewhat different than other changes currently being considered in some urban planning programs.     

A model for total quality management in higher education

Total quality management (TQM) is widely recognised as a management philosophy for improving customer satisfaction and organisational performance. However, there is no consensus over the critical success factors of TQM, in particular, in higher education (HE) and developing countries. Literature shows mixed results on the success and applicability of TQM principles in education, thus, underlining the need to revisit the application of TQM principles in HE. This paper identifies the critical success factors of TQM in Pakistani universities. Data was collected from faculty members of universities through questionnaires. The findings reveal that ‘leadership’, ‘vision’, ‘measurement and analysis’, ‘process control and evaluation’, ‘programs design and resources allocation’ and ‘stakeholder focus’ emerge as the critical success factors of TQM in HE. The findings have implications at macro, meso, and micro levels of HE.