Cost/benefit analysis and capital investment decisions in nuclear cardiology.

This paper demonstrates an application of Cost-Benefit Analysis as an aid in capital investment medical decision making. Specifically, a cost-benefit analysis is used to compare three nuclear cardiology instruments (i.e. Nuclear Stethoscope, Mobile Camera/Computer and Fixed Cardiac Computer). The study examined both non-quantitative and quantitative comparative factors. Results of the study show: (1) Conversion of the non-quantitative factors into a numerical system (via medical opinion) greatly delineates the relative merits of each instrument. (2) Simulating the stochastic economic and equipment utilization factors reveals instrument selection to be a function of patient flow and amortization procedures. (3) Adjusting the quantitative assessment of each instrument by the non-quantitative assessment (via the numerical system) aids in the capital investment decision.     

Cost benefit analysis of open school boundaries

This paper describes and analyzes the results of a survey of parent attitudes toward an “open boundary” system, whereby parents could request permission to send their children to a non-neighborhood school. An attempt was made to measure the resulting effect on public welfare as suggested by the “compensation principle,” by having gainers and losers use a monetary value to express the intensity of their preferences. While only a small percentage of parents indicated the desire to cross boundaries, a substantial majority favored the proposed system, and the sample group revealed net community benefits.     

Manufacturing strategy implementation and cost management systems effectiveness

The fit between manufacturing strategy and the use of cost management systems that could effectively support a firm's information needs in strategic and operational decision-making is prerequisite for a firm's ability to attain desired objectives in its value chain. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the use of just-in-time and electronic data interchange systems, as an important dimension of a firm's manufacturing strategy, and the perceptions of top financial officers about the effectiveness of cost management systems in supporting strategic and operational decision needs. The results for the research hypothesis, which was examined using a sample of 604 manufacturing organizations in the USA, provided some support for the argument that perceptions of effectiveness of a firm's CMS can be a valid indicator of how well is the CMS designed to support strategic and operational decision needs that are necessary for the implementation of a firm's manufacturing strategy.     

The effectiveness of European active labor market programs

Active Labor Market Programs are widely used in European countries, but despite many econometric evaluation studies analyzing particular programs no conclusive cross-country evidence exists regarding “what program works for what target group under what (economic and institutional) circumstances?”. This paper aims at answering this question using a meta-analysis based on a data set that comprises 137 program evaluations from 19 countries. The empirical results of the meta-analysis are surprisingly clear-cut: Rather than contextual factors such as labor market institutions or the business cycle, it is almost exclusively the program type that seems to matter for program effectiveness. While direct employment programs in the public sector frequently appear detrimental, wage subsidies and “Services and Sanctions” can be effective in increasing participants' employment probability. Training programs – the most commonly used type of active policy – show modestly positive effects.     

上市公司会计信息成本效益的对策研究

会计信息是企业利益相关者进行利益分配的基础,是影响资本市场有效性的关键因素。企业作为“理性的经济人”,其提供的会计信息受到成本效益的制约,效益大于成本是其对外提供信息的先决条件之一。会计信息的成本不仅包括实际成本,也包括信息披露所引起的或有成本,其效益不仅体现为微观效益,更重要的是其所带来的社会效益。本文借助于经济学的基本理论,利用“成本—效益”对比分析原则,解析上市公司会计信息供给中的策略选择及其改进措施。     

《Cost Express项目费用管理系统》开发思路及特点

文章介绍了作者自主研发的计量软件《Cost Express项目费用管理系统》的开发思路和主要特点,简单介绍了系统模块的主要功能,并提出了一些深入研发的思路。     

装配式建筑的成本控制与造价管理

装配式建筑目前没有成本分析的相关规范和准则,所以在造价上难以控制成本,为规避这一缺点,需加强完善装配式工程造价的结构管理,同时在此基础上构建一项运用于成本核算的体系.值得注意的是,我国的建筑业的改造和升级,对未来的建筑业发展有很大的影响,装配式建筑工程的成本较高,管理人员在管理上的缺陷,将建筑工程造价中的缺点暴露在市场中,基于此,本文将对装配式建筑工程造价的成本控制与造价管理进行相应的分析.     

建筑工程的造价管理和成本控制研究

近年来随着我国经济的快速发展,建筑业也进入了快速发展的时期,因此建筑工程项目的投资规模在逐年增大,有必要加强建筑工程的造价管理和成本控制研究。通过分析和讨论当前我国建筑工程的造价管理和成本控制中存在的主要问题,探讨研究了优化建筑工程造价管理的有效措施,对于科学合理的控制工程造价,保证建设单位的经济利益具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

建筑工程造价预算与成本控制分析

工程造价预算是在工程项目实施过程中,由有关人员对各项费用预算进行评价,编制工程建设计划,以降低工程项目成本,增加企业收益.本文对建设项目成本预算工作的重要性及不足进行了详细的论述,最后提出了在建设项目成本预算阶段进行成本控制的有效措施,以期对相关部门有所帮助.     

Causal inferences on the cost overruns and schedule delays of large‐scale U.S. federal defense and intelligence acquisition programs

A study was undertaken to understand why cost overruns and schedule delays have occurred and continue to occur on large‐scale U.S. Department of Defense and intelligence community programs. Analysis of data from this study infers the causes of cost overruns and schedule slips on large‐scale U.S. federal defense and intelligence acquisition programs to ineffective human resources policies and practices, consolidation of the aerospace industry, and too many stakeholders. In this article, each inferred cause and the resulting systematic effects are discussed in detail. Moreover, block diagrams have been developed for each cause and illustrate the sequential flow from inferred cause to systematic effects and reveal key interrelationships among each cause.     

Hoarding international reserves versus a Pigovian tax-cum-subsidy scheme: Reflections on the deleveraging crisis of 2008-2009, and a cost benefit analysis

We outline the case for supporting self-insurance by imposing a tax on external borrowing in a model of an emerging market. Entrepreneurs finance tangible investments via bank intermediation of foreign borrowing, exposing the economy to negative fire-sale externalities at times of deleveraging; a risk that increases with the ratio of aggregate external borrowing to international reserves. Price taking economic agents ignore their marginal impact on the expected cost of a deleveraging crisis. The optimal borrowing tax reduces the distorted activity, external borrowing, and induces borrowers to co-finance the precautionary hoarding of international reserves.     

工程建设项目造价管理及造价控制

取得良好社会效益和投资效益的前提是科学合理的控制工程造价。建设项目的工程造价管理直接影响着项目的质量和项目的利润。本文从设计、招标、签订合同、施工和竣工这六大阶段论述了建设项目中应重点关注的问题,加强建设项目各阶段的管理与控制。     

市政工程造价成本控制与成本管理研究

随着我国城市化建设水平速度的不断加快,市政工程规模也在不断扩大,为人们提供了便利的生活条件.市政工程建设周期较长,所需要投入的资金较多,如果没有对市政工程进行合理的造价管控,容易导致市政工程成本投入超出预算,不利于工程效益的提升.本文分析了市政工程造价管控中存在的问题以及具体的解决措施,以期可以为市政工程造价管理提供有效参考.     

市政工程造价成本控制与成本管理研究

随着我国城市化建设水平速度的不断加快,市政工程规模也在不断扩大,为人们提供了便利的生活条件.市政工程建设周期较长,所需要投入的资金较多,如果没有对市政工程进行合理的造价管控,容易导致市政工程成本投入超出预算,不利于工程效益的提升.本文分析了市政工程造价管控中存在的问题以及具体的解决措施,以期可以为市政工程造价管理提供有效参考.     

ABC成本法在企业物流成本核算和管理中的应用

介绍了先进ABC作业成本分析法，阐述了它的成本计算思想和计算方法，并结合我国目前物流成本计算的实际，给出可行的实施方案。     

论检验直接成本和间接成本的平衡及平衡点的经济意义

分析了工业企业外购物品检验成本的两个组成部分:检验过程直接投入的要素成本和检验结果失准诱发的问接成本,并分析论证了二者的习性、平衡条件以及平衡点的计算方法及应用。     

建设工程项目成本控制和成本管理探讨分析

成本管理是指企业生产经营过程中各项成本核算、成本分析、成本决策和成本控制等一系列科学管理行为的总称.对建设工程项目而言,成本管理是项目管理的一个重要组成部分,要求系统、全面、科学和合理,对于促进项目提质增效、加强项目财务核算,提高项目整体管理水准具有重大意义.建设工程项目生产过程中的人材机都要发生各种耗费,这些耗费都直...     

公路工程全过程造价管理与成本控制方案

在公路工程项目建设中多是由国家财政出资,能有效改善人们出行的交通状况,但在实际建设中发现还存在一些偷工减料、粗制滥造的情况,公路工程的建设质量难以得到保障,因此就需要加强工程造价管理,控制工程质量.为了对全过程造价控制方式应用情况有全面了解,本文结合笔者近年来的工作经验,在阐述公路工程全过程造价控制目的基础上,对全过程...     

作业成本法与传统的制造费用分配法的比较

<正> 现代企业制度的特点是产权明晰、责权分明以及科学管理、政企分开。成本管理是企业管理的一个重要方面。正确的成本计算方法,能够提供正确的会计信息资料,有利于企业各项改革措施协调一致、齐头并进地推动各项专业管理朝着科学方向发展。