石油价格变化对中国经济影响的模型研究

本文通过一个真实商业周期范式的两部门混合经济模型，探讨石油价格波动对中国各经济变量的影响和这种影响的传导机制。模型得出了商品供应、部门产出、GDP、就业、要素报酬、要素收入等对石油价格波动的比较静态效应。同时，模型还证明，消费结构、相对真实石油价格和生产技术结构共同决定了GDP变化的方向，而投资率只影响变化的幅度。本文的政策含义是，需求结构政策、技术44新和替代能源、货币政策、投资政策和货币政策都是可选择的用于最小化石油价格冲击影响的政策工具。     

对蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的修正--中国经济增长对人民币汇率作用机制

蒙代尔-弗菜明模型认为，经济增长会使一国经常账户恶化从而导致本国货币贬值，中国自1994年以来经济快速增长，而经常账户却是持续顺差，在利率不断下降条件下，资金大量流入，人民币汇率稳中有升，外汇储备大幅度增加，这些显然有悖于蒙代尔-弗菜明模型。本文认为，购买力平价理论更符合中国现实，并给出了购买力平价理论动态表述，然后对传统的汇率货币模型进行修正，进一步分析经济增长与汇率之间关系。最后本文对蒙代尔-弗莱明模型国际收支平衡线进行修正，并运用修正后的M-F模型分析在开放经济条件下的财政政策与货币政策效果。     

金融周期、通货膨胀与货币政策

本文在传统新凯恩斯三方程模型的基础上引入金融周期方程,尝试在一个统一的模型框架下探讨金融周期、通货膨胀与货币政策的内生时变动态关系。研究发现,金融危机时期和非危机时期金融周期与通货膨胀间的相互时变联动存在显著差异,金融周期波动对通货膨胀变动具有较好的预测能力,且基本不受危机影响;货币增速剪刀差可能通过市场流动性对货币政策调控金融周期与通货膨胀的力度起到抵消或放大作用,且具有顺周期特征,因此,货币政策当局可考虑引入逆周期调节的宏观审慎政策对金融周期、通货膨胀以及货币增速剪刀差的顺周期局限进行调控。     

全要素生产率对货币政策有效性的影响研究——理论机制与数值模拟

近年来中国经济持续面临下行压力，需要货币政策加强逆周期调节，但是货币政策的有效性却有所下降，只有设法提高货币政策有效性，才能较好地促进中国经济平稳发展。已有文献从数量型与价格型货币政策“双失效”、对外开放程度提高、金融摩擦、政策不确定性加剧等视角分析了中国货币政策有效性下降的原因，不过鲜有文献深入考察全要素生产率对货币政策有效性的影响。本文通过构建包含实体部门和虚拟部门的动态随机一般均衡模型，深入剖析全要素生产率增速下滑对货币政策有效性的影响。研究结果表明，2012年以来全要素生产率增速持续下滑导致中国经济从无泡沫均衡跌入了泡沫均衡状态，从而使得货币政策有效性下降了20%左右，可见全要素生产率增速下滑是货币政策有效性下降的重要原因之一。进一步研究显示，至少要将全要素生产率增速提高1.47个百分点以上，才能让中国经济从泡沫均衡状态回归到无泡沫均衡状态，从而显著提高货币政策的有效性。     

中国货币政策效应的再测度

本文在依据卢卡斯总供给函数构造的货币政策效应分析理论框架的支持下，通过考察1981年－2000年间中国货币供应动态与国民收入动态及其协同运动性质，重新测度以名义货币供应管理为代表的中国贷币政策的经济稳定效应，为“十五”期间中国稳健货币政策的反周期操作提供经验借鉴。     

人民币均衡汇率单方程模型实证分析

本文通过建立一般均衡下单方程模型，根据1980～2003年的年度数据，利用单位根检验、协整分析、误差修正模型对人民币的均衡汇率进行实证分析。本文研究认为：①20世纪80年代以来，人民币实际有效汇率始终围绕均衡汇率波动，并经历了不同程度的高估和低估；②贸易条件、开放度等基本经济因素对人民币实际有效汇率影响显著，财政政策、货币政策、外汇储备的规模对人民币实际有效汇率的影响不显著；③人民币汇率错位自我修正能力较强，钉住“一篮子”货币能较好地反映人民币实际有效汇率的波动。     

Markov机制转换模型研究——在中国宏观经济周期分析中的应用

本文首次引入反映我国经济增长周期模式改变和状态转移机制变迁的虚拟变量,对传统Markov机制转换模型进行了修正,由此解决了将Markov模型应用于中国年度宏观经济数据研究中国经济周期问题的难题。运用修正后的Mark-ov模型,本文对我国1953～2005年的年度实际产出增长率的数据进行了拟合,研究表明,该模型较好地刻画了我国实际产出增长的周期性变化。根据分析我们发现,改革前后我国经济周期的非对称性特征比较明显,并且经济增长周期模式和经济周期性变化机制存在显著差异。     

中国货币供应量政策实证评析

货币供应量是否合适，可以从实际货币供应量与中性货币供应量差异的角度来进行分析。中性货币供应量是指与一国经济自然增长率和正常货币深化系数相适应的货币供应量。本文通过中国改革开放以来的经验数据计算出中国经济的自然增长率和货币深化系数，从而得出相应的中性货币供应量。在此基础上，本文给出了一个评价中国货币政策的分析框架，并据此对中国改革开放以来的货币政策进行评价和提出相应的政策建议。     

随机Solow-Swan模型的基本公式及相对稳定性

本文是在确定的Solow—Swan模型基础上给出了随机的Solow—Swan模型。确定的Solow—Swan模型设劳动力水平和知识水平以常数增长率变化，即是稳定增长的。这无疑是假定整个社会是均匀进步，且不受任何偶然因素的随机影响。因此它只能用于一般的理论分析，缺乏实用性。但这并不符合客观实际。这里将其动态演变过程随机化了。相对于确定的形式这种模型更有现实性。文中给出了随机意义下的一些基本方程，并且论证了在随机的意义下经济可以相对稳定。最后利用相位图可以看出经济能够向相对平衡增长路径收敛。     

我国货币政策工具变量效应的实证分析

本文利用国内生产总值，消费品价格指数及相关的货币政策工具变量，通过向量自回归模型的脉冲响应函数建立了货币政策冲击反应模型，在实证分析的基础上分析货币政策工具变量的冲击导致的实际国内生产总值及消费品价格指数的变动特点。从而为及时准确地调整我国的货币政策，实现我国货币政策目标提出参考性的政策建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。