The architecture of R&D joint projects: the social network analysis approach

This paper examines the effect of network properties on the performance R&D joint projects. In particular, we examine the impact of network cohesion, diversity and shape on the performance of these of exploration and exploitation R&D projects. We test these measures using data on projects from European R&D networks developed under the framework of Eureka projects. The empirical results indicated some network properties enhance the project’s performance and these differ depending on the kind of technological project developed. Our results suggest a lower heterogeneity, greater cohesion and network centralisation in exploitation than in exploration projects. Our findings show different types of structures depending on the aim of the joint project and that there exist different degrees of cohesion between the partners that comprise the core and the peripheral nodes.     

An empirical analysis of remittance flows into West African Economic and Monetary Union: a panel time-series approach

The article empirically analyses the motivations and long-run economic outcomes of remittance inflows into the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Using Westerlund’s (2007) ECM for panel time series and data spanning 1975–2011, the results show that there is no evidence of a long-run impact of remittances on income per capita in the region. The inflows seem to be motivated by investment, but the money may be used to promote consumption instead. This phenomenon could be characterized by information asymmetry between migrants and the recipients.     

南水北调对河南省产业结构影响分析

本文应用产业变动度和偏离度分析了河南省产业结构的演进历史和存在问题,使用灰色关联分析方法研究了水资源消耗水平与河南省产业结构之间的动态联系,提出了在南水北调背景下河南省产业结构调整的对策建议.     

工程项目的成本管理

工程项目的成本是施工企业为完成工程项目的建筑安装施工任务所消耗的各项生产费用的总和。施工项目成本管理是一项涉及到施工生产各个方面并贯穿于施工组织和管理全过程的综合性工作,它是对施工生产过程中所消耗的生产资料转移价值和活劳动消耗创造的价值,以及其他费用开支和其他管理工作等进行计划、实施、监督、调节和控制,按照预先制定的目标计划,通过对工程实施中已发生或将发生的费用支出进行检查、复核、纠偏,在保证工程质量和工期的前提下,最大限度地降低工程项目施工生产的各项费用消耗,保证工程项目的成本目标得以实现,提高工程项…     

Bank ownership of multilateral trading facilities and implications for historical exchanges: An industrial economics approach

The aim of this paper is to address bank ownership in Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs) and its implications for historical exchanges. We propose an oligopoly model with network effects to account for an exchange industry that consists of two MTFs and an historical exchange. Based on the observation that banks are both owners and clients of MTFs, we examine banks' incentive to influence the pricing policy of MTFs. We show that when brokerage and trading activities are particularly important for banks' revenue relative to their profit as MTF operators, certain market outcomes may emerge whereby both MTFs include banks' interest as clients in their objective function. We also demonstrate that accounting for banks' interest in MTFs' objective function acts as a competitive device that reduces the price and the profitability of the historical exchange.     

An analysis of the impact of unionization on efficiency: evidence from a meta-frontier analysis

This article examines the impact of unions on the efficiency of establishments in the manufacturing industry by comparing the results from two different empirical strategies: stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and meta-frontier analysis (MFA). While SFA concludes that union establishments show higher technological efficiency, the results are the opposite when estimating production functions with MFA. In SFA, unionized establishments appear to be more efficient because they remain closer to their own production frontier; however, in MFA – where groups with heterogeneous technology can be compared – we find that nonunionized establishments are more efficient because they are closer to the meta-frontier than their unionized counterparts.     

工程成本控制分析原理与实践

承包商从事工程承包经营的最终目的是，在最低限度满足业主在工程的功能、质量、进度、服务等方面要求的条件下，获取最大的经济效益。而在合同签定之后，对工程实施过程中的成本进行及时有效地分析与控制，使之在总体上降低到最低限度，就成为实现上述目的最有效的途径之一。同时，它还为实施中的资金筹措与管理、如实地反映工程的财务状况、竣工后公正科学地评价该工程经营实施结果，以及今后项目的编投标工作等提供了可靠的参考依据。我国许多国际国内承包企业，往往重质量和施工技术，轻管理和成本控制，工程财务多实行记账式管理，不能…     

工程合同价格调整分析

泰国有关于工程合同价格调整的法规（1987年修订），其中规定了各情况下所适用的价格调整公式，这些公式既与FIDIC条款中提出的价格调整通用公式有相似之处，又有其独到之处。它的价格调整系数用K表示，英文则称做“ESCA-LATIONFACTOR”。通俗地讲，就是对某工程材料或施工，依据其实际市场价格变化情况，用一套考虑若干因素的公式计算出一个K值，进而依K值是否超过4%限制范围来决定对工程付款是否进行调整。也就是说如果材料价格上涨较大，造成K值超出4%，使得工程项目的实际单价与原投标单价（BidUnitPrice）相差较大，那么工…     

代理人:国际工程承包中的重要角色

80%以上的国际贸易都是通过代理人或中间人来完成的,国际工程承包也不例外。在国际工程承包项目中,承包商代理人的工作,直接影响其项目的命运,因此,对于代理人问题的研究,越来越受到人们的重视。国际工程承包业务与国内工程相比要复杂得多。一个工程公司可能在国内干得十分出色,因为他对国内社会情况十分熟悉,解决问题的渠道是畅通的。但他不一定是一个成功的国际承包商。其重要原因之一就在于不熟悉其他国家的社会、法律、经济、商务和金融等情况,不了解当地的传统习惯和人事关系,不清楚解决各类问题的渠道。而这些对于国际承包…     

Relating the environmental impact of consumption to household expenditures: An input-output analysis

In this paper we evaluate the relationships between household expenditures and the environmental impact categories climate change, acidification, eutrophication and smog formation, by combining household expenditures with environmentally extended input-output analysis. Expenditure elasticities are examined with regression analysis, and are compared and interpreted on the basis of insight at the product level. With data from the Netherlands in the year 2000, we find that environmental impact increases with increasing household expenditures, although the degree to which the environmental impact increases differs per impact category. Climate change and eutrophication increase less than proportionally with increasing expenditures. Acidification increases nearly proportionally with increasing expenditures, whereas smog formation increases more than proportionally. It appears that the mix of necessities and luxuries to which an environmental impact is related is essential in explaining the relationship.     

变更与索赔：国际工程中的必修课

国际工程项目以招/投标为基础，并通过签订工程承包合同的方式确立业主、承包商、分包商和独立工程师之间的相互关系，尽管这可能是由多个合同完成，但由于独立工程师是为业主服务的，分包商是为承包商服务的，因此都受业主/承包商的合同框架约束，四方的基本关系可以放在一起进行研究。在具体的合同执行过程中，四方在合同框架下的责任不同，因此各方在工程管理中的着眼点也不同，再加上承包市场本身竞争激烈，使得各方对变更与索赔的管理高度重视，成为合同管理的重要内容之一。四方之间在各自利益的驱动下，围绕变更与索赔的争执会贯穿整…     

项目施工中的合同管理与技术管理--孟加拉帕克西大桥河道整治工程项目中的几点做法

孟加拉帕克西大桥河道治理工程位于孟加拉PUBNA地区的恒河上,是帕克西大桥与河道整治工程的组成部分。该工程自2000年9月开始设备调遣,到2004年4月全面竣工,共计完成产值3500万美元。该工程能够顺利竣工,施工期间的合同管理与技术管理工作起着至关重要的作用。现介绍几个典型事     

治理滇池的生态经济学途径--源头治理

滇池水质污染源是城市粪便污水，要治理就必须从源头开始，本文提出要改变对粪便和垃圾的旧观念，树立粪便和垃圾是“再生资源”的新观念，提倡使用新型抽水马桶，创造新的粪便、垃圾处理程序等意见。     

An analysis of East Asian currency area: Bayesian dynamic factor model approach

There has recently been an increasing interest in the establishment of a common currency area in East Asia in the aftermath of the East Asian financial crisis. In this article I examine the desirability and feasibility of forming a currency area in the region by checking the symmetry of shocks as an important criterion of the theory of Optimum Currency Area. I employ a dynamic factor model to decompose aggregate output into world, regional and country‐specific components and estimate the model using a Gibbs sampling simulation. Persistent properties of those components are examined and variance decomposition analysis is performed to investigate the role of each component in output variance. The European Monetary Union, with the successful launch of the euro, is the natural benchmark for comparison. Based on variance analysis, it is found that East Asian countries, on average, are less plausible candidates for a currency area than European counterparts. However, a subgroup of countries in East Asia is as qualified as those in Europe. Given the ongoing integration in East Asia, it is not premature to prepare for such a currency area in this region.     

Explaining Economic Restructuring: An input-output analysis of organisational change in the European Union

This article investigates the extent to which the European economy (as a whole) has entered a period of restructuring from 1970 to the present, and assesses whether different theories of restructuring can explain the processes involved.Three political economy perspectives on restructuring are presented: flexible specialisation, neo-Schumpeterian/long wave, and Regulation. The extent of organisational restructuring is identified using an input-output methodology that separates supply-side and demand-side change. Supplyside output change indicates the importance of vertical externalisation, which all restructuring theories identify as important. This empirical methodology is applied using EU wide input-output tables for 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1991. Considerable restructuring is indicated as having occurred, particularly in European manufacturing industry. But this restructuring seems not to be consistent with any single perspective; rather all three are relevant in different circumstances. Finally, an attempt is made to sketch a theory of the firm consistent with the evidence presented.     

中国对外直接投资的产业选择战略

在国际产业转移和我国产业结构调整的背景下,对外直接投资越来越引起广泛的关注,并实现了较快发展.据商务部统计,2006年,我国对外直接投资(非金融类)161.3亿美元,较2005年同期增长31.6%.截至2006年底,中国累计对外直接投资达到733.3亿美元.     

项目融资风险防范面面观

随着世界经济全球化趋势增强和我国经济连年快速发展,建筑业市场不断扩大开放,我国对国外市场和资源依存度增加,对外投资大幅增长,我国以资源开发为目的的直接投资和制造业的国际市场开拓直接带动对外承包工程不断发展.我国对外援助额逐年增加,很多承包工程公司借助经援项目进入国际承包工程市场.这些都直接促进着我国国际承包工程业务的发展,我国对外承包工程行业面临着前所未有的机遇.同时,我国要实现可持续的稳定发展,也需要通过多种渠道融资,加快基础设施建设,消除经济发展的"瓶颈"制约.目前,国际上大型项目都倾向于共同开发、共担风险、共享利润,带资承包成为国际工程承包发展的一个主要特点,资金实力成为承包商参与国际竞争的核心要素,承包商帮助业主解决项目资金问题成为中标的关键.EPC、信贷项目、BOT、BOO、BOOT等方式被普遍采用,融资方式多样化,项目融资方式已在国际工程市场上占据越来越重要的地位.