日本制造业的内部融资与投资关系的研究

本文以日本东京证券交易所上市的制造业为例对内部融资与投资的关系进行了实证分析。在分析过程中运用panel分析方法,分别检验了不同企业规模、不同行业之间的内部融资和主营业务收入对投资产生的影响。结果发现,内部融资与投资之间存在着密切的相关关系,而且,大企业的内部融资给投资带来的影响最大;从行业情况来看,所有行业的大企业的内部融资对投资产生了影响,而在中型、中小企业,大部分行业的企业的内部融资与投资间存在着相关关系;另外,主营业务收入的变化也在一定程度上影响了投资。     

后危机时代负债融资与投资规模的实证研究——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

负债融资与投资规模的关系研究是财务理论研究的重要课题之一.现代财务理论基于委托—代理理论和信息不对称理论的考虑,认为负债融资影响到企业的投资规模.负债融资、负债期限通过不同的传导机制影响着企业的投资规模.本文采用2008-2010年我国制造业上市公司数据,在控制对投资有影响的销售收入、托宾Q和现金流量等变量的基础上,实证检验了负债融资、负债期限与企业投资规模的关系及其影响机制.检验结果表明,负债融资总体上与投资规模负相关;然后,又按企业利润总额的标准差作为衡量企业风险的大小进行了分组检验,结果显示,短期负债、长期负债对投资规模的影响不尽相同,高风险企业随着负债的增加与低风险企业相比减少投资的幅度较小.这些结论对我国当前调整经济结构、制定宏观经济政策提供了有益启示.     

融资约束、财务柔性与企业投资--理论分析与实证检验

笔者以财务柔性理论和企业投资理论为基础,通过引入融资约束理论,将融资约束、财务柔性与企业投资纳入同一研究框架,从财务柔性的视角研究企业的投资支出问题,并以2007—2014年间沪深两市A股上市公司为样本,对融资约束、财务柔性与企业投资三者之间的关系进行了理论分析和实证检验,深入分析财务柔性对企业投资影响。研究结果表明：财务柔性对企业的投资支出具有显著的影响,通过事先储备的财务柔性,企业能够提高后续的投资支出。融资约束会加剧财务柔性对企业投资的影响,融资约束越严重,财务柔性对企业投资的影响越大。     

政治关系、制度环境与上市公司资本投资

在尚处转型过程中的中国,政府在资源分配中具有很大的话语权,企业与政府的政治关系会对企业投资活动产生重要影响.文章研究发现.政治关系使企业拥有更多的外部融资便利,可以降低对内部资金的依赖而降低融资约束,并减少与政府的协调成本,从而提高投资效率,降低投资-现金流敏感度;制度环境作为外部治理机制会影响企业的投资效率;政治关系对企业投资的作用不受制度环境差异的影响;企业与地方政府关系对企业投资的作用要强于与非地方政府的关系.进一步研究发现,企业的政治关系和制度环境主要影响的是由于融资约束而导致的投资效率问题.     

财务弹性对投资效率的关系研究——基于会计信息透明度视角

文章选取沪深A股2016-2020年2594家上市企业作为研究样本,基于融资约束理论和MM理论等理论,结合数理推导阐述财务弹性与投资效率的关系,采用OLS的实证方法,探究并绘制了会计信息透明度在财务弹性与投资效率两者关系中的调节作用.结果 表明:(1)财务弹性与投资不足负相关,与投资过度正相关;(2)会计信息透明度增强了财务弹性对投资不足的负相关性,并降低财务弹性与投资过度的正相关性.研究结论有助于从会计信息透明度视角验证财务弹性对投资效率的影响,为企业提升投资效率提供理论依据.     

融资约束、公司治理与投资—现金流敏感性——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

本文运用中国上市公司的数据实证研究了融资约束与投资-现金流关系.研究发现: (1)总体来说,融资约束较高的企业比融资约束较低的企业有更高的投资-现金流敏感性. (2)公司治理比较好的情况下,融资约束程度越高的企业有更高的投资-现金流敏感性;公司治理比较差的情况下,中等融资约束企业的投资一现金流敏感性比高、低融资约束企业低,融资约束程度与投资-现金流敏感性呈U形.上述发现表明,信息不对称理论无法完全解释融资约束程度与投资-现金流敏感性的关系,公司治理可能是导致相关研究结论不一致的重要因素.     

浅析负债融资对公司投资行为的影响

融资与投资是企业既相互独立、又休戚相关的两项基本财务活动,是企业资金运动中不可分剖的两个方面,因此探讨投融资之间的关系,研究企业财务杠杆对公司投资行为的影响就成为当今研究的主题。这一理论最初由美国著名经济学家莫迪利安尼和米勒教授提出,他们认为在完美的资本市场中,负债融资与公司的投资行为无关,然而现实中并不存在完善的资本市场,因此负债融资必然影响企业的投资行为。     

投资者异质信念、股权融资现金流与企业过度投资——来自中国A股的经验证据

文章在限制卖空的背景下,利用改进的股权融资模型和投资者迎合理论模型,理论分析并实证检验了投资者异质信念与企业过度投资行为之间的关系。研究表明:投资者异质信念既通过促使企业管理者迎合投资者而直接加剧企业过度投资,也通过影响企业的股权融资现金流而间接促进其过度投资;投资者异质信念对私营企业过度投资的影响仅体现在投资者迎合渠道,而对国有企业的影响则主要反映在股权融资渠道;两种作用渠道都存在于成长性企业中,而不存在于非成长性企业中。     

债务融资、成长性与企业投资行为——对A股和香港上市公司的比较研究

本文以A股和香港上市公司为研究对象,考察债务融资和成长性对企业投资行为的影响。实证结果表明,企业债务与投资支出显著负相关,在低成长性公司中这一关系尤为显著。在低成长性公司中,A股上市公司的债务融资与投资支出的负相关关系比香港上市公司显著,香港中资上市公司的债务融资与投资支出的负相关关系比香港本地上市公司显著。     

政治关联、融资约束与企业研发投入

文章基于世界银行的投资环境大型微观调查数据,实证考察了在经济转轨过程中政治关联和融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现:(1)政企双重身份的企业高管对企业研发投资具有消极影响,并且强化融资约束对企业研发投资的消极影响;而那些旨在帮助企业发展的政府官员所占比例和企业与政府部门之间关系质量对企业研发投资具有显著的正向影响,但并未强化抑或缓解融资约束对企业研发投资的消极影响。(2)融资约束对企业研发投资具有显著的抑制作用。文章为理解转轨经济背景下的中国企业RD投入的影响因素提供了一个新的视角,也为理解政治关联、融资约束与企业创新增长之间关系的微观机理提供了新的经验证据。     

融资约束下CEO过度自信是否会导致企业R & D投资扭曲

从融资约束角度出发,以我国2003-2014年沪深上市制造业和信息技术业企业为样本,通过对R&D动态投资模型和投资扭曲模型进行面板分析发现：与固定资产投资相比,CEO过度自信对企业R&D融资约束影响更明显,从而导致其对R&D投资扭曲的影响也更显著。通过企业异质性检验发现,对于易受融资约束的中小企业,CEO过度自信会造成其投资不足,而对于不易受融资约束的企业,CEO过度自信并不会造成其过度投资。因此,CEO过度自信对企业创新投入的促进作用只在企业不受融资约束时才成立。     

CEO的财务经历有利于缓解企业融资约束吗*

CEO的财务经历有利于其做出合理的融资决策和投资决策,从而有助于降低企业融资约束。以2000—2013年沪深A股上市公司作为研究对象,本文实证检验结果证明了笔者的这一假设。该结论在控制内生性以及采用其他指标衡量融资约束等稳健性检验之后仍然成立。进一步检验结果表明,在外部融资条件较差时,CEO财务经历对于缓解融资约束的作用更为显著;同时,CEO财务经历有助于企业提高投资绩效。这表明了具有财务经历的CEO通过提高企业外部融资能力和投资决策的合理性,从而缓解企业融资约束。本文在丰富高阶梯队理论和融资约束领域文献的同时,对于上市公司制定科学合理的CEO聘任决策以及缓解融资约束等方面有重要的启示。     

Firm investment and financial conditions in the euro area: evidence from firm-level data

We explore whether the sensitivity of firm-level investment to cash flow, typically associated with an external financing premium, is time-varying and in particular whether it varies with overall financial conditions. We find that financial conditions have indeed played a significant role in corporate investment decisions over recent years, rendering financing constraints even more binding. This finding appears to be robust to a number of control variables and robustness tests. Moreover, the impact of credit conditions is not uniform across firms, but rather it varies depending on firm size and leverage, with constrained firms being substantially more likely to condition their investment decisions on overall credit conditions. Our results cast new light on the interplay between financial and real cycle downturns and underline the need for monetary, fiscal and macroprudential policy to be countercyclical with respect to financial conditions.     

Ownership structure and investment finance in transition economiesA survey of evidence from large firms in Hungary and Poland1

Using survey data on 157 large private Hungarian and Polish companies this paper investigates links between ownership structures and CEOs’ expectations with regard to sources of finance for investment. The Bayesian estimation is used to deal with the small sample restrictions, while classical methods provide robustness checks. We found a hump‐shaped relationship between ownership concentration and expectations of relying on public equity. The latter is most likely for firms where the largest investor owns between 25 percent and 49 percent of shares, just below the legal control threshold. More profitable firms rely on retained earnings for their investment finance, consistent with the ‘pecking order’ theory of financing. Finally, firms for which the largest shareholder is a domestic institutional investor are more likely to borrow from domestic banks.     

Financial constraints on investments: A three-pillar approach

Recent theoretical analyses demonstrate how informational asymmetries between financiers and investors may generate credit rationing and positive cost differentials between external and internal financing sources. The traditional empirical approach used to test for the presence of financing constraints at firm level is based on two pillars: a priori identification of relatively more financially constrained firms and econometric estimation of an investment demand function. This approach has been seriously questioned due to several methodological problems. This paper intends to amend it by adding a third pillar: the informational content of direct revelation through qualitative data. The paper estimates a reduced form investment equation following the Euler equation approach, and combines a priori information and direct qualitative information to consistently estimate for each firm the probability of being financially constrained. Our main finding is that when financially constrained firms are properly identified, the neoclassical model is rejected only for unconstrained firms. This indirectly rescues the validity of the Euler equation approach. Moreover, financially constrained firms show a positive correlation between investment and lagged cash flow.     

Growth and finance: An intertemporal model

Frequently, intertemporal models, for example, Uzawa's (1969) work on growth, are based on the separation of investment and the financing decisions of firms. Finance variables are disregarded. In contrast, along the lines of the theory of imperfect capital markets, the present paper allows for cross-effects between firms' financial structure and the value of firms. A steady-state analysis gives empirical predictions on the relation of investment, finance and debt, and Hopf-Bifurcation analysis establishes the possibility of cyclical paths.     

Die Entwicklung des österreichischen Volkseinkommens und seiner Hauptkomponenten 1956 bis 1973

Summary The study ist based on the work of M. Kalecki who anticipated the main elements of the Keynesian theory by constructing a dynamic modell of business cycles. Kalecki's theory includes i.a. a theory of profits, saving, income distribution and investment decisions. Until he died in 1970 Kalecki never ceased in his endeavour to adapt his intuition to the new questions posed by the postwar developments in the industrialised capitalist countries. This led him to develop a theory of growth that incorporated the problems of effective demand; he succeeded in making his theory operational in the field of empirical economic analysis.The authors of the study apply Kalecki's method to data on the Austrian GNP and its main components during 1955–1973. (Mr. Szeworski, while being one of Kalecki's assistants in the sixties, applied the analytical method to an investigation of the economic development in some of the most important capitalist economies together with Kalecki.)Chapter 1. represents an introduction into the analytical method and its foundation in Kalecki's work. At first we show how to distinguish that part of production which is subject to the laws of motion of a capitalist economy more precisely than is usual from the part which is not. This serves to open the way to a better understanding of the influences of government activities. With the same intention taxes are divided into consumption-diminishing and accumulation-absorbing taxes. All this results in a modified concept of GNP, in volume as well as in arrangement.Chapter 2. investigates the long-term development of the Austrian economy; it makes evident its chief characteristics and discusses possible reasons emphasizing the importance of foreign trade. An examination of the changes in the main components of GNP leads us to observe an increase in the importance of governmental intervention. Finally, income distribution is shown to tend towards increasing polarisation — which means increasing shares of corporate profits and income of employees in the national income.     

Analysing the effect of excess cash accumulation on financial decisions

In this current moment of crisis it is very important for firms to hold a suitable amount of cash. But it is also very important to analyse how this amount of cash affects firm value. Here an in-depth study is made of the determination of firm value centring our attention on the problem of excess cash accumulation. This article adds important value to the existing literature since, employing the panel data methodology in the sample of Spanish nonfinancial firms, it identifies whether excess cash holding affects firm value in general, and investment, financing and dividend decisions in particular. The results show how asymmetric information among the economic agents of the firm affects the cash reserves. In particular, shareholders could penalize the investment made by these firms and consider the positive effect that the debt in particular and the dividend policies exert on the firm. Moreover, the results reveal the importance of financial flexibility as opposed to the arguments provided by agency theory.