长安开门红，开门红世界

To enhance the energy security in Asia, it is important to clarify the policy goals for the energy security. China‘s continuing economic growth and increasing energy demand, increasing oil consumption in the US marketare the^°°factors to be considered for the energy security policies.     

Strategic Interests of ASEAN-5 in Regional Trading Arrangements in the Asia-Pacific

We examine the strategic interests of ASEAN countries within APEC when forming regional trading arrangements in the pursuit of trade liberalization. Employing a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the effects of ASEAN's various Free Trade Area arrangements with the U.S., Northeast Asia as well as APEC are analyzed. The impact on ASEAN as a whole as well as for each individual member coutry is examined. A free trade area with the U.S. is likely to benefit the Philippines and Indonesia most.     

中国对外直接投资、东道国政府治理与经济增长 ——基于东盟国家的经验证据

东盟作为我国新一轮对外开放和“一带一路”建设的重要区域,一直是我国对外直接投资的重点关注对象。评估东盟各国的政府治理水平,可以更好的判断投资环境、识别风险,助力双方互惠共赢。本文通过构建东盟国家的政府治理指数,实证分析中国对外直接投资、东盟国家政府治理对东盟国家经济增长的影响,研究表明:中国对外直接投资促进了东盟国家的经济增长;东盟国家的政府治理对其经济增长并没有直接影响,但是却抑制了中国直接投资对东盟国家经济增长的促进作用。未来中国对东盟国家的直接投资应更注重长期效应,重视营商环境以及国家吸收外国投资的能力,根据东盟国家的政治经济发展差异,实行“一国一策”的投资策略。     

ICT diffusion and production in ASEAN countries: Patterns,performance, and policy directions

ICT has become an increasingly crucial catalyst for economic development, but the transition to more sophisticated technologies is a challenging process requiring prudent vision, strategy, and policy. This paper investigates the dynamics of ASEAN countries’ performance on embracing the ICT revolution for development. Several findings stand out. First, ASEAN experienced a faster pace of convergence, compared to the rest of the world, in level of ICT diffusion over the past 10 years. Second, all ASEAN countries, including Singapore – the leading player, face increasing challenges in competing with income-level peers on ICT diffusion performance. ASEAN is a global hub of ICT hardware production and a fast-growing center of ICT services exports. In terms of revealed comparative advantage, ASEAN as an economy is strong in ICT hardware but remains weak in ICT services. The paper discusses policy insights drawn from the study and proposes a strategic policy framework to guide ASEAN’s concerted efforts to embrace the ICT revolution for development.     

Multinational management strategy and ASEAN regional development

This paper reports the findings of a cross-sectional survey of 128 senior managers of multinational corporations in Singapore. Specifically an attempt was made to link the development of ASEAN regionalism to the nature of MNC management, and the strategic posture of the MNC in the ASEAN region. Based on the work of Nye (1971) the study was designed to investigate the extent to which perceptions of the viability of ASEAN were associated to corporate strategic action. The results suggested that the origin of the manager (international expatriate, ASEAN expatriate and local) is statistically associated with technical product decrease, merger growth and market/product decrease strategies. There was no support for the notion that this was due to positive perceptions of ASEAN regionalism.     

Agricultural policy reforms and food security in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

This paper provides an overview of agricultural policy reforms and their impact on food security in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Owing to increasing hostility in regional trade among the countries of Central Asia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, like their neighbors, have chosen to follow a path of food self-sufficiency, which has biased their agricultural systems towards grain production. The paper finds that the land reforms in these two countries, which have dismantled the state farms, have resulted in reduced productivity of crops and declining food availability at the household level. It argues that reversing this trend will require increased investment in rural infrastructure and agricultural research to improve crop yields, and in the short-term, food security interventions to protect the poor and vulnerable.     

东盟国家落入“中等收入陷阱”的原因与教训

马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等东盟四国,从低收入状态进入中等收入水平后,经济增长回落或长期停滞,落入“中等收入陷阱”。这既有产业转型升级困难、创新能力不足等经济因素,也有贫富差距不断扩大、政局不断动荡等社会原因,还有国际经济环境改变等外部因素。当前我国处于上中收入国家阶段,要从东盟四国落入“中等收入陷阱”中吸取经验教训,促进发展方式的彻底转变,才能成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”。     

甘肃省区域经济空间差异分析研究——基于Geoda095i统计分析

基于空间经济统计分析方法,在MapInfo软件和Geoda095i空间统计分析的帮助下,通过空间位置建立数据间的统计关系,利用2009年区域GDP数据,对甘肃省区域经济之间的总体和局部空间差异时空格局及相关因素时行了分析,发现该时期甘肃省各市GDP增长水平分布呈现同步发展的态势,经济发展水平相近的地区在空间上的聚集分布十分明显,因此,基于对Moran散点图的分析,以空间聚集关系、空间滞后回归模型的回归分析,发现空间统计分析对于甘肃省区域发展的空间状态揭示了不同区域经济差的空间联系及空间变化的相互作用机制。     

Readying a region: temporally exploring the development of an Australian regional quadruple helix

Understanding how innovation drives regional development has important economic and social outcomes. Models such as Smart Specialisation and the quadruple helix are increasingly adopted given their sensitivity to place-based contexts. But although innovation processes are dynamic and facilitated by individuals’ interactions, our understanding of how these connections are developed and sustained during helix collaboration development remains under-investigated. This research adopts an action research approach, focused on a regional Australian case study, to test a multi-disciplinary conceptual framework exploring key human-centred, micro-processes driving quadruple helix development: trust building; power relationships; regional readiness; and time and sphere centrality. The findings demonstrate the interactive nature of these processes, with trust-building facilitating the deployment of power bases by critical innovation agents which then foments regional readiness for change, subsequently driving the helix spheres towards overlap. These processes were also driven by changing sphere centrality and unique regional temporal structures. Practically, these outcomes offer insights into the human capital dynamics of regional helix collaborations, particularly for identifying the key individuals required to drive their development.     

东亚货币一体化可行性研究：基于层次设权方法的分析

由次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机再次引发了人们时区域经济协调和货币一体化的讨论,文章应用层次设权方法（AHP）计算了东亚十个国家和地区的经济特征指数和区域经济一体化指数,并与20世纪60年代欧共体成立时的情形进行了比较。结论表明,尽管亚洲最优货币区的建立尚存在大量障碍需要克服,但东亚地区已经初步具备经济一体化的基础。     

Consumers’ response to the EU Quality policy allowing for heterogeneous preferences

Using dry-cured ham as an anchor product, consumers’ preferences for EU Quality Certification schemes, region of origin and price have been investigated with conjoint analysis. In order to achieve this aim, a mixed rank-ordered logit which allows for the investigation of heterogeneous preferences and their sources has been estimated. In particular, we have analysed to what extent consumers’ socio-demographic traits affect their price-sensitiveness and whether consumers’ sensory (hedonic) valuations and attitudes towards ham with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) affect the preferences for specific attributes. Results show that consumers with a low-medium age and income are more price sensitive. Consumers more inclined sensorially towards the regional specialty (with or without PDO) are more likely to purchase this product, and consumers with a more favourable attitude towards PDO ham are also more prone to purchase cured ham with quality certification. Findings also suggest that although the PDO scheme attracts a segment of consumers, the origin by itself is still a more powerful signal of quality, and more specifically the region of origin.     

The race for telecommunication technology: The USA v Japan

Innovations in information technology are driving the USA and Japan into greater interdependence and reduced competition. However, the policies of the two countries towards supplying global telecommunications networks and towards their export earnings are diverging. This article examines the policies and history of both US and Japanese business and government towards investment in communications and computer technologies. Deregulation has been an important influence in both countries. The Japanese have responded to fierce US protectionism and competition by fundamentally changing their production strategy and turning to more offshore operations, involving many adjustments for Japanese management.     

Factors of broadband development and the design of a strategic policy framework

The paper analyses the household use of broadband technology and services in EU countries in an attempt to find the main reasons which explain the differences seen among countries. With the use of factor analysis, the underlying factors are identified as: (1) enablers and means; (2) the use of services; and (3) the ICT sector's development. Based on these findings, a two-dimensional framework that enables the classification of policy actions depending on the influencing factor and type of influence is developed. The framework can be used to analyse what is the appropriate set of policies at the national and regional governmental levels leading towards the better diffusion of new broadband (BB) technologies and services.     

中国—东盟自由贸易区成效与问题分析

经济之间的互补与竞争,是决定和制约双边经贸关系发展的基础。中国东盟自由贸易区各国之间存在着较大的互补性,而这种多层次的经济互补性有利于双方取得贸易双赢。与此同时,随着中国东盟自由贸易发展进入新的阶段,两者在某些方面表现出越来越强的竞争性,说明我国与东盟在一个比较长的时间内出口贸易竞争将比较激烈。这就给我们在评价中国东盟自由贸易区建立的效果时带来诸多不便,如果仅仅考虑其中一个方面都会得出不完整的结论。本文从贸易互补和贸易竞争两个角度分析中国东盟自由贸易区所取得的成果和所遇到的问题,并基于出口相似性指数和贸易互补指数显示的不同结果提出对策建议。     

京津区域旅游合作的态势分析与对策探讨

现阶段京津地区的区域旅游合作态势主要呈现出了如下三个方面的特征：一是目前京津地区的区域旅游合作尚处于松散的状态；二是政府部门的合作意愿一般要高于旅游产业部门及旅游行业协会；三是京津两市相比较。天津方面的合作积极性要远高于北京方面；四是京津地区的政府旅游业管理部门彼此间缺乏有效的沟通与协调机制。为改变此现状，当务之急应是要找准合作的切入点和真正建立起一个有效的能促进京津地区区域旅游合作有序展开的协调机制。     

The cultural milieu of management: A comparative study of the role of management in ASEAN

The role of a business school and form of management education in any country must depend on the specific role of management in the economy. This, in turn, depends on the milieu or business ambience in which management must operate. A set of types of milieu can be distinguished for ASEAN countries which form a sequence approximately correlated with the process of modernisation. The different tasks and required traits for management in the various milieus are discussed and some implications for management schools and education noted.     

National self-sufficiency in food

Developed countries as a group, and most of them individually, show a definite, significant trend towards higher degrees of overall food self-sufficiency while at the same time there is international consensus on the appropriateness of the same objective for developing countries and its incorporation in the plans of these countries. The author considers what the right balance of policies on selfsufficiency should be at the national, regional and international level after examining the trends, ways of measuring self-sufficiency, and future prospects.     

Economics of Supply of Canada's Military Manpower

Three key generalizations emerge from this study:

• 1 Economic factors can, in certain cases, be important in attracting applicants to other ranks of the Canadian armed forces. Sensitivity to the state of the civilian economy would appear to be greatest for the air force, where the average quality level of applicants in the labor force is highest. The impact of relative wages, as measured here, is substantially larger than that of unemployment.
• 2 Traditional and cultural considerations are also relevant. Previous historical and sociological research is supported regarding Quebec's negative attitudes towards the navy. Attitudes towards the army are less clear, as data shortcomings prevent precise interpretation of the regional dummy variables. There are also distinct seasonal patterns in application rates to each service.
• 3 Important differences in attitudes and quality of applicants were found among army, navy, and air force recruits. With the operational unification of Canada's three services into a single armed force in 1968, implications for recruitment remain an open question.

     

区域冲突、区域合作与中部崛起

区域冲突与区域合作是区域关系的两种重要表现形式。由于受地方利益最大化的驱动,以及在区域利益协调、要素流动及分工合作等领域还缺乏相应的制度基础,中部地区各省间的各种区域利益冲突时常出现,区域合作严重缺失。在“中部崛起”及区域合作日益深化的背景下,中部各省需要化解区域冲突,加强区域合作,实现中部地区的协调发展和共同发展。     

Perspectives on regional innovation policy – From new economic geography towards the IMP approach

The European Union has the aim of becoming the world's most competitive and knowledge-based economy, which entails investments in industry agglomeration. However, these investments have had limited impact. This conceptual paper problematizes the new economic geography terminology used in policy and, more specifically, the way that the key concepts of “industry agglomeration,” “social capital,” “knowledge,” and “innovation” are conceptualized. By adding the perspective of the industrial network or industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) approach, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how to facilitate innovation within regional policy. Since the IMP approach offers an organizational-level perspective, including such a perspective will help make the EU's policies more practically applicable. We propose that regional policy should pay more attention to the socio-material resource interaction between the actors involved in the cluster initiatives. This would shift the focus away from creating spillover effects of knowledge towards viewing knowledge as a performative construct that is inseparable from the specific resource interaction in which it is embedded. Also, the definition of innovation within policy could benefit from being reconceptualized as the processual use within producer–user relationships.