我国媒介产业演变过程的制度分析

本文运用新制度经济学的分析方法，分析研究我国媒介产业的制度变迁过程，认为中国媒介业的发展演变和改革实际上呈现渐进式改革、“怕累托改进”、诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁特征，研究分析了媒介业制度变迁的主要成因和变迁模式。     

制度变迁与区域进出口贸易的关联:强制性抑或诱致性

基于1997～2010年我国省级面板数据,实证检验了诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁对我国进出口贸易的影响。结果显示,不同类型的制度变迁对我国进出口贸易的影响存在异质性:强制性制度变迁对我国对外贸易具有显著的正向影响,诱致性制度变迁对我国对外贸易的影响为负。这表明政府主导的强制性制度变迁促进了我国对外贸易的快速发展,与此同时也是导致我国区域对外贸易差异乃至区域经济差距的重要因素。     

谁在阻碍产权市场制度变迁

市场经济就是法制经济。如果产权交易市场不能与其他市场一样具有可依之法,要求它规范就只能是缘木求鱼。在我国,国有企业改制和产权转让对产权交易市场制度的变迁有决定性的影响,其过程可以简单划分成自发性倡导、自发和政府主导性结合、强制性政府主导三个阶段。     

中国银行业市场化改革的历史考察:1979—2006年北大核心CSSCISSCI

1979年至2006年,中国银行业市场化改革先后历经起步、探索和深化三个阶段,已逐步建立起以间接调控为主的中央银行宏观调控体系、以商业银行为主体的银行组织体系和由银行业监督管理委员会负责的监管体系。从新制度经济学的视角看,中国银行业市场化改革与变迁是一种主要由政府推动的强制性制度变迁,一种先易后难的渐进式制度变迁,一种以增量改革促存量调整的制度变迁。中国银行业改革依赖并滞后于整体经济体制改革,改革的过程实质上是银行产权变迁的过程。28年来,尽管中国银行市场化改革经济绩效是显著的,但是,仍然在组织制度、市场制度、宏观调控制度和监管制度等方面存在着某些缺陷。     

邓小平与中国社会的制度变迁

回顾中国社会改革开放的历程，人们会在理性的思考中得出这样的结论：邓小平不仅仅是给亿万中国人民带来实惠与富强的中国社会改革开放的总设计师，同时也是给中国社会带来深远影响的社会制度变迁的发轫者和倡导者。因为，中国社会的改革开放的过程，说到底就是一场自上而下的，逐步深化的强制性制度变迁的过程。这一强制性制度变迁，不仅仅突出地表现为经济体制和社会运行模式的变化和变革上；     

中国银行业市场化改革的五个阶段及特点

改革开放以来,中国经济社会转型不仅是中国银行业改革的大背景,也是银行制度市场化演进的推动力。与此相适应,中国银行制度受强制性制度变迁的影响不断缩小,而受市场主导下的诱致性制度变迁的影响不断扩大。银行体制、运行机制、市场结构的市场化变迁过程呈现五个不同的阶段性特点,经历了一个从计划经济体制下的银行制度到基本符合市场经济要求的现代银行制度转变的过程。     

我国农村金融制度变迁的路径依赖与替代分析

我国农村金融制度变迁过程中一个基本的模式就是：政府主导型的强制性制度变迁，而在这种制度变迁模式下，导致了我国农村金融制度安排的非均衡，并内生出金融垄断固化、农村金融资产质量低下、农村金融体系脆弱和农村金融边际效率递减等副产品，同时使得制度变迁陷入一种非效率的闭锁状态。     

农村基层组织主导的混合型制度变迁模式——南岭村制度变迁案例研究

本文提出了不同于诱致性和强制性的制度变迁方式：基层组织主导的混合型制度变迁模式。文章通过对南岭村两次制度变迁的案例研究，具体分析了南岭村制度变迁的制度环境及基层组织、权力中心和村民二方之间的博弈过程，并且说明了权力中心对基层组织白发制度变迁事后追认的理由，最后论述地方精英在制度变迁中的作用。由本文得到的启示是，政府应该根据市场经济原则，更多的尊重农民自己的选择，发挥地方精英的作用，进一步搞好农村工作。     

企业制度变迁中制度安排的功能转换

企业制度变迁中制度安排的功能转换李新春，李善民企业制度变迁是经济体制转轨或过渡过程中最富实质意义、也是最复杂的过程，这无论是在采取激进的制度变迁过程的东欧，还是在渐进式改革的中国都是如此。由于各国政府和公民对改革的态度以及考虑到具体经济发展的环境，各...     

论综合配套改革的特征、路径与目标

综合配套改革具备先行先试性、综合性和配套性三个特征。由于它是一种整体性的制度变迁,其路径既不能延续以往的政府强制性改革路径,更不能跨越到完全的诱致性改革而放弃政府的引导,而应该是政府引导下的诱致性改革。改革的目标是探索一个依托于内生制度创新的区域发展模式。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.