申报财产损失税前扣除的几点看法

一年一度的企业所得税汇算清缴工作即将开始,如何处理好财产损失税前扣除事项,若申报准确及时,能使实际发生的损失得以在税前扣除,否则,很可能出现不该纳税的财产损失却被税务机关调整纳税.虽然国家税务总局于1997年专门印发了<企业财产损失税前扣除管理办法>(以下简称<管理办法>)给予规范,2000年国家税务总局印发的<企业所得税税前扣除办法>中又作了具体规定,各省(市)国、地税部门也从不同的角度作了些补充规定,但由于这些办法、规定都是很原则性的,不便于纳税人掌握,时常发生纳税人的申报资料被税务机关退回的现象,使实际发生的损失得不到扣除,而使企业多缴了税.如何保证企业在生产经营中发生的财产损失能按规定全额给予扣除,以下谈几点看法.     

管理者自利行为与税负粘性——基于深沪A股上市公司的经验证据

基于2009-2017年的中国A股上市公司面板数据,探讨企业内部管理者行为和企业的税负粘性现象之间的关系。结果显示:企业利润每上升1%,税负增加0.55%;企业利润每下降1%,税负减少0.20%。管理者自利程度和企业税负粘性呈正相关,管理者自利程度越高,企业税负粘性越大。同时,公司税负粘性现象会影响到未来企业价值,企业税负粘性越大,其企业价值越低。     

Measurement Errors and Information Content of Segment Reporting

This paper assesses the measurement errors inherent in segment reporting. Measurement errors are gauged by comparing the correlation of segment results with their industry to the corresponding correlation for single line-of-business firms operating in the same industry. The findings show that the measurement errors in segment information, particularly earnings, are larger than those in the financial information reported by single line-of-business firms. The cross-sectional variation in the measurement errors can be traced to cost/revenue allocations, management intervention in segment reporting, and the operational structure of multi-segment firms. Market tests indicate that the information content of segment information is inversely related to the estimated measurement errors. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

递延所得税费用的简单化理解

新<企业会计准则>要求所得税采用资产负债表债务法进行核算,在这种情况下,正确理解"递延所得税资产"和"递延所得税负债"两个科目,有利于理解递延所得税费用及所得税会计的核算.     

试析所得税费用(收益)与本期会计利润(亏损)的关系

在本期损益表内确认的所得税费用(收益)除了可根据本期应交(可抵扣)所得税加(减)递延所得税负债(资产)的发生额来确定(除非本期和递延所得税是由在相同或另一个不同的期间直接在所有者权益中确认的交易或事项产生,或由购买式企业合并产生)之外,还可以本期会计利润(亏损)为基础来确定。但所得税费用(收益)并非在任何情况下都简单地等于本期会计利润(亏损)乘以适用税率之积,有时需要经过一定的调整,而经调整的所得税费用(收益)与本期会计利润     

Financial Reporting Practices of China's Listed Firms

The long‐term success of financial markets depends on the widespread availability of reasonably detailed and reliable financial information. Individual investors depend critically upon companies' regulatory filings and voluntary disclosures to assess their long‐run risks, payoffs, and, ultimately, their intrinsic values. However, a recent string of accounting frauds involving Chinese firms listed on overseas markets has drawn attention to the accounting and governance risks associated with investing in Chinese firms. This article provides a brief overview of the information environment of Chinese capital markets and the primary forces that affect the incentives of Chinese listed companies to provide timely and accurate financial reports. The evidence reviewed here indicates that the adoption of world‐class standards and regulation, although necessary, is not sufficient to generate incentives for transparency. The long‐term health of China's capital markets will also depend upon other reforms that are designed to accomplish the following: (1) improve the protection of investor rights through an effective, independent judiciary court system that promotes civil lawsuits, and through credible regulatory enforcement; (2) strengthen market development activity, especially with respect to foreign investors; and (3) limit political rent‐seeking behavior and deter politicized business decisions, especially in China's state‐owned enterprises. Together, such reforms have the potential to improve corporate governance in China and better align the incentives of the state and majority shareholders with those of minority shareholders, while increasing the ability of accounting to serve a contracting function and the demand for timely information for valuation purposes.     

减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响

本文主要探讨减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响。理论上,减税政策对企业债务期限结构产生两种方向相反的效果:一是减税后企业盈利状况改善,激励银行通过延长债务期限以争取企业客户;二是减税后企业可支配现金流增加,加剧银行与企业间的委托代理问题,促使银行缩短债务期限以便加强企业监督。本文以所得税减半征收政策作为自然实验,基于全国税收调查数据库(2010-2015)考察了减税政策对小微企业债务期限结构的影响。实证结果显示:减税后企业的债务期限整体得以延长;如果减税后企业的盈利状况改善更多,或可支配现金流增长更缓,企业债务期限延长幅度更大。此外,本文发现在快速扩张行业、有产能过剩风险行业以及房地产上下游关联行业中的企业往往会因为较强的代理成本效应而面临减税后债务期限的边际缩短。本文研究结论对改善企业融资结构,特别对提高小微企业获取中长期贷款能力,有一定的参考意义。     

An Analysis of Incentives for Australian Firms to Apply for Reporting Excellence Awards

An award for reporting excellence is presented annually to Australian reporting entities. This paper investigates whether firms that apply for the award are systematically different from firms that elect not to apply. The paper also investigates the benefits which may flow from winning an award for reporting excellence. The results of the paper are consistent with the proposition that such an award may be used by a firm as a means of reducing wealth transfers related to the political process.     

The Changing Relationship between Tax and Financial Reporting in Spain

The operational connection between tax and financial reporting has been reported on in detail for a few countries but not for Spain. However, the literature suggests that there was a great reduction in the influence of tax in Spain in the early 1990s. This paper applies the methodology of earlier researchers in order to measure the tax/reporting linkages for Spain at three different dates. We find that Spain is intermediate between France/Germany and USA/UK in the degree of tax influence on financial reporting. We also find that the common belief in a major reduction in tax influence over time can be refuted.     

Intellectual Capital Reporting Practices of the Top Australian Firms

Using content analysis of annual reports of the top 20 firms (by market capitalisation) listed on the Australian stock exchange in 2004, this paper describes the state of intellectual capital reporting practices in Australia. The paper also compares the results with a previous Australian study by Guthrie and Petty (2000) and reconfirms that reporting of intellectual capital is yet to be done within a consistent framework. Although most of the reporting was done through qualitative, rather than quantitative, statements, an encouraging shift towards quantitative reporting is evident.     

Bidder Gains and Losses of Firms Involved in Many Acquisitions

Abstract:  We examine shareholders' wealth effects (both in the short- and the long-run) of UK frequent bidders acquiring public, private, and/or subsidiary targets with alternative methods of payment between 1987 and 2004. We find that, in the short-run, bidders break even when acquiring public targets and gain significantly when buying private and subsidiary targets. This result is robust after controlling for relative size, bidder's book-to-market ratio, target origin, and industry diversification. Our long-run evidence, however, reveals that acquirers experience, significant wealth losses regardless of the target type acquired, indicating that markets may initially overreact to the acquisition announcement. As a result, we argue that contrary to Fuller et al. (2002) who suggest that acquiring private and subsidiary firms creates value for bidding firms, a reliable conclusion on bidders' shareholders wealth effects cannot be based solely on a short-run event study.     

The Information Economics Approach to Financial Reporting

This paper provides a non-technical overview of the literature on the economics of information and its implications for financial reporting. This paper attempts to spell out the unity of approach which underlies all information economics models and focuses on the main implications of the literature for accounting policy makers. The central section of the paper identifies precise conditions under which the provision of public information can lead to an improvement in social welfare. An understanding of these conditions is essential for policy makers if they are to take into account the economic effects of their decisions. The final section highlights three important unresolved issues and identifies promising directions for further research.     

市场经济下税源和税负的价值内涵

经济决定税收表现在经济发展的速度和规模决定着税源增长的速度和规模，税收反作用于经济表现在税收负担的总体水平是否适度，结构是否合理会对经济发展产生积极或消极的影响。可见，研究税收与经济的关系实质上就是研究税源和税负问题。市场经济条件下税收参与分配的是社会产品的价值，研究市场经济下的税源和税负问题，首先必须弄清税源和税负的价值内涵。     

Environmental Tax Competition in the Presence of Multinational Firms

We study the design of environmental policy in a two country model with an imperfectly competitive polluting industry. We show that when the firms are multinational, non-cooperative policy design leads to too severe emission taxation regardless of the mode of competition. The reason is twofold. First, when firms are multinational, changes in environmental policy do not influence the market shares of the firms. Second, when designing their policies, national governments ignore profits accruing to foreign shareholders of multinational firms.     

信息技术环境下的财务呈报管制

信息技术的发展降低了交易费用但不能消除交易中的信息不对称状况，在信息技术环境下并没有改变对财务呈报进行管制的基础，不能取消管制，而是应该采取不同的管制形式、方法和手段，因此中国的财务呈报管制要从观念和技术上积极应对信息技术的挑战。     

事务所应用信息化管理系统探讨

我们所从2005年10月底启动实施的内部管理信息化方案,目前系统已进入正常运行并持续改进的阶段。下面结合我们的实践谈谈信息化管理系统在事务所有效应用的问题,与大家一起探讨。一、对事务所内部管理借助信息技术的考虑1.事务所不论大小,管理始终是关乎其能否可持续发展的重要课题。这几年,我们一直在努力摸索与改进内部管理方式方法,以提高管理效率。借助信息化技术实现内部协同管理需要,正是我们经过探索认识到应关注的重点并视之为提升管理层次的所在。近几年我们所发展较快的同时,内部管理问题日渐凸现。如信息传递不及时,沟通难度加大…     

The Silent Majority: Private U.S. Firms and Financial Reporting Choices

This study uses a comprehensive panel of tax returns to examine the financial reporting choices of medium-to-large private U.S. firms, a setting that controls over $9 trillion in capital, vastly outnumbers public U.S. firms across all industries, yet has no financial reporting mandates. We find that nearly two-thirds of these firms do not produce audited GAAP financial statements. Guided by an agency theory framework, we find that size, ownership dispersion, external debt, and trade credit are positively associated with the choice to produce audited GAAP financial statements, while asset tangibility, age, and internal debt are generally negatively related to this choice. Our findings reveal that (1) equity capital and trade credit exhibit significant explanatory power, suggesting that the primary focus in the literature on debt is too narrow; (2) firm youth, growth, and R&D are positively associated with audited GAAP reporting, reflecting important monitoring roles of financial reporting; and (3) many firms violate standard explanations for financial reporting choices and substantial unexplained heterogeneity in financial reporting remains. We conclude by identifying opportunities for future research.     

From Business Tax to Value‐added Tax: The Effects of Reform on Chinese Transport Industry Firms

We study the effects of switching from business tax (BT) to value‐added tax (VAT) on the performance of firms in the Chinese transport industry, in an effort to determine whether the change in policy improves firm performance. We study the effects of this new VAT reform from a theoretical perspective, and test the effects on 49 listed transportation firms using a difference‐in‐differences model. The results indicate that VAT reform has a positive effect on profitability and the growth ability of firms in the transport industry, but no significant effects on the debt‐paying ability and operating capability of firms are found. Furthermore, we propose some suggestions for speeding up the development of transportation firms by replacing BT with VAT.     

Tax Shields,Sample-Selection Bias,and the Information Content of Conversion-Forcing Bond Calls

The information content of conversion-forcing bond calls depends on the after-tax cash flow to bondholders. If the dividend after conversion exceeds the after-tax coupon but is less than the before-tax coupon, the call reveals unanticipated decreases in dividends and/or earnings that reduce the tax shield from interest payments. In contrast, a call when the dividend is less than the after-tax coupon reveals the timing of an anticipated shift from exceptional firm-specific positive growth to the industry norm. Efforts to document properties of convertible calls are subject to sample-selection bias because calls are disproportionately associated with positive pre-call firm-specific growth.