城市绅士化进程中的公民住宅权保障

城市绅士化带来的住区隔离和贫困集中已经成为阻碍城市外来人员和低收入市民群体实现住宅权的重要因素。从国内外城市发展的经验看,绅士化现象是政府住宅与城市规划相关法律及政策实施的结果。针对城市绅士化过程中涌现的社会问题,特别是其对低收入居民住宅权的负面影响,应树立住宅权保障的理念,防范和限制政府权力对公民住宅权的侵犯,进一步明确和强化政府保障公民住宅权的责权,在普遍、和谐和包容的城市绅士化进程中保障和促进各个阶层公民住宅权的实现。     

转型期的中国城市发展与地方政府企业化

改革开放以来,随着中国社会、经济、政治等方面的剧烈变迁,我国地方政府的行为模式发生了深刻的变化,并对城市发展产生了深远的影响.结合国外地方政府转型研究和中国的政治、经济、社会背景,提出了"地方政府企业化"的概念,以指代现阶段中国地方政府在转型中普遍表现出的以追求经济利益为目标的行为模式.并将之与企业化政府、企业家城市、城市经营、城市管治等概念进行辨析.最后通过与西方地方政府转型的比较,分析了中国地方政府企业化的主要特征.     

‘Social Mixing' or ‘Gentrification'? Contradictory Perspectives on Urban Change in the Berlin District of Neukölln

In the past two decades, the Berlin district of Neukölln has received considerable attention from politicians, planners, urban scholars and the media. This article discusses the role that the academic concepts of ‘social mixing' and ‘gentrification' play in the overlapping and partly contradictory narratives that have been employed to interpret transformations in one particular part of the district, Nord‐Neukölln. While the area is still characterized as a place of poverty and decline, it has more recently come to be known as a ‘hip place to be' among young (creative) urbanites, students and artists. Various urban players such as politicians, planners, urban sociologists, activists, interest groups and the media participate in the construction of these narratives and, in the process, adopt the concepts of social mixing and gentrification according to their respective rationales and preferences. Both concepts play a pivotal role in justifying contradictory claims and interventions. As a consequence, ‘social mixing' and ‘gentrification' are more than just analytical concepts for interpreting urban transformations; they have themselves become part of these transformations and have an impact on local developments. We conclude that urban scholarship must reflect more on its own role and positioning in the arena of urban transformation.     

从企业治理概念看城市的治理结构

随着经济全球一体化进程的加快 ,城市治理结构正经历着向企业家式治理模式的转变。本文通过对企业治理与管理的分析 ,认为城市治理应参照企业治理结构模式 ,建立起有中国特色的城市治理结构。     

Contradictions of the Climate-Friendly City: New Perspectives on Eco-Gentrification and Housing Justice

As local governments and corporations promote ‘climate friendliness’, and a low-carbon lifestyle becomes increasingly desirable, more middle- and upper-income urban residents are choosing to live near public transit, on bike- and pedestrian-friendly streets, and in higher-density mixed-use areas. This rejection of classical forms of suburbanization has, in part, increased property values in neighborhoods offering these amenities, displacing lower-income, often non-white, residents. Increased prevalence of creative and technology workers appears to accelerate this trend. We argue that a significant and understudied socio-environmental contradiction also occurs where the actual environmental outcomes of neighborhood transformation may not be what we expect. New research on greenhouse gas emissions shows that more affluent residents have much larger carbon footprints because of their consumption, even when reductions in transportation or building energy emissions are included. We describe an area in Seattle, Washington, the location of Amazon's headquarters, experiencing this contradiction and show a distinct convergence of city investments in low-carbon infrastructure, significant rises in housing prices and decreases in lower-income and non-white residents. We conclude with a discussion of a range of issues that require more attention by scholars interested in housing justice and/or urban sustainability.     

Governing ‘Sustainable Urban Development’ Through Self‐Build Groups and Co‐Housing: The Cases of Hamburg and Gothenburg

This article critically examines the governing of ‘sustainable urban development’ through self‐build cohousing groups in Gothenburg and Hamburg. The two case cities have been selected because both are currently involved in major urban restructuring, and have launched programmes to support self‐build groups and cohousing as part of their emphasis on promoting urban sustainable development through this process. Departing from a theoretical discussion on advanced liberal urban governance, focusing in particular on the contemporary discourse on sustainable urban development, we examine the interaction between political institutions, civil society and private actors in the construction of cohousing as a perceived novel and alternative form of housing that may contribute to fulfilling certain sustainability goals. Questions centre on the socio‐political contextualization of cohousing; concepts of sustainability; strategies of, and relations between, different actors in promoting cohousing; gentrification and segregation; and inclusion and exclusion. In conclusion we argue that, while self‐build groups can provide pockets of cohousing as an alternative to dominant forms of housing, the economic and political logics of advanced liberal urban development make even such a modest target difficult, particularly when it comes to making such housing affordable.     

西方的城市治理及其对我国的启示

分析了西方城市治理的特点及引起西方城市治理方式转变的原因,并对西方城市治理对我国城市发展带来的启示提出了相应见解.     

西方城市更新中“绅士化”现象对广州转型社区建设的启示

本文介绍了西方国家"绅士化"现象的发展过程及动力机制,并剖析了其产生的正负双面影响,尤其是其对原住民产生的消极影响。希望通过总结西方国家在绅士化过程中涉及的原住民被迫搬迁并造成的原社区社会结构瓦解的经验教训,为目前广州转型社区建设提供的一些有价值的借鉴。     

Demolishing the Present to Sell off the Future? The Emergence of ‘Financialized Municipal Entrepreneurialism’ in London

This article introduces a new mode of urban entrepreneurialism in London through a study of the state‐executed, speculative development and financialization of public land. In response to an intensifying housing crisis and austerity‐imposed fiscal constraints, municipalities in London are devising entrepreneurial solutions to deliver more housing. Among these ‘solutions’ can be found the early signs of the state‐executed financialization of public housing in the UK with the use of speculative council‐owned special purpose vehicles (SPVs) that replace existing public housing stock with mixed‐tenure developments, creating ambiguous public/private tenancies that function as homes and the basis for liquid financial assets. Drawing together parallel literatures on the financialization of urban governance and housing, and combining these with original empirical research, we situate these developments in contrast to earlier modes of governance, identifying a distinct mode of entrepreneurial governance in London: financialized municipal entrepreneurialism. The local state is no longer merely the enabler—limited to providing strategic oversight of the private sector—but financializes its practice in a reimagined commercialized interventionism, as property speculator. This article concludes that while the architects of this new mode of entrepreneurialism extol the increased capacity and control it provides, any such gains must be set against longer‐term financial, democratic and political risks.