Alternative measures of homeownership gaps across segregated neighborhoods

The dramatic rise in the U.S. homeownership rate from 64% in 1996 to almost 70% in 2005 has prompted increased attention to the relation between homeownership and demographic characteristics of households. The recent rise and sharp decline of subprime lending will likely spur further interest in homeownership gaps. Statistical analysis of these differences or “gaps” in homeownership between white and minority households has evolved into a highly stylized comparison of differences in homeownership at the mean or the conditional mean. This study implements a quantile decomposition technique that identifies the unexplained portion of the gap not only at the mean, but at every percentile of the homeownership distribution. Results suggest that differences in homeownership gaps at the mean reflect a combination of small differences at the upper end and much larger gaps at the lowest end of the distribution of homeowners. This study also adds credit history to the factors that are used to explain homeownership gaps.     

Subtle discrimination in the rental housing market: Evidence from e-mail correspondence with landlords

We find that landlords practice subtle discrimination in the rental housing market through the use of language associated with describing and viewing a unit, inviting further correspondence, making a formal greeting, and using polite language when replying to e-mail inquiries from a white name more often than to an African American name, they also send longer e-mails and respond quicker to white names.     

The continuing need for affirmative action

Affirmative action is defined as the steps taken to end the absence in jobs, schools, and honored positions of members of groups that have been subordinated. Its purpose is to reduce discrimination, to reduce income disparities between groups, and to promote diversity by gender and race in every role and activity. The persistence of occupational segregation by sex and race to a degree that cannot be explained by differences in qualifications or voluntary behavior testifies to the need for further action. Alternatives to affirmative action, such as helping people regardless of race or sex from disadvantaged backgrounds, “just enforcing the law against discrimination”, or waiting for educational improvements to bring groups better qualifications would not do the job affirmative action is designed to do.     

美国郊区城市化及其衍生的区域问题

论述了美国郊区城市化的基本动力和表现,剖析了美国郊区城市化所衍生的区域问题.     

Entrepreneurial global franchise ventures: US and European franchisee failure strategic and empirical perspectives

Rapid United States and European franchise growth offers potential benefits for stakeholders and host counties, as well as the potential for failure. Franchisee failure research is a complex area confounded by varying failure definitions, approaches, an event-focus, and single-year data. This paper includes a strategic franchisee failure perspective that views franchisee failure as a multi-stage process rather than an event; new longitudinal data from the United States for over 780 franchise systems and 292,000 franchise units and United Kingdom franchisee failure data for over 700 franchise systems and 31,000 franchisee units; and estimates of current European business-format franchise market size, including selected Central and Eastern European countries. Understanding and mitigating franchisee failure provide potential lessons for franchisors and franchisees. Franchisee failure and the strategic implications for franchise entrepreneurial ventures is a significant research area that merits further study and analysis.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

基于紫外分析技术在CEMS中的监测应用研究

中科天融(北京)科技有限公司为了更好地满足市场需求,独立自主开发了基于紫外监测技术的CEMS在线监测系统,系统的SO2和NO的监测量程为0~200ppm,该系统的各项性能指标优异,同时,分别对直通式和怀特式两种不同气室的性能指标进行了剖析,提出了一种切实可行的CEMS在线监测系统。     

Family attachment and the decision to move by race

Blacks in the United States move less than Whites despite having many characteristics that are commonly associated with high geographical mobility such as high unemployment, low rate of home ownership, low marriage rate and settlement in areas where unemployment is high. We find that this puzzle can be explained by the effects of family ties—both nuclear and extended families—which we proxy using data from the University of Michigan's PSID. The results are robust to different specifications and estimation techniques.     

美军战区弹药配送及启示

介绍了美军近年来在战区建立和发展的一种新型弹药配送系统，即托盘装运系统。对其配送机构、配送力量和配送方式做了详细阐述，在此基础上得出了对我军弹药配送和保障的几点启示。     

美军弹药配送及启示

弹药是一种特殊的商品,弹药配送在现代战争中显示出越来越重要的作用。文中分析了美军弹药配送保障的特点,介绍了美军战略弹药配送和战区弹药配送的机构、模式和流程,在此基础上提出了对我军弹药配送和保障的几点启示。     

美国铁路发展史上的政府管制问题探讨

分析了美国不同时期的铁路管制政策的实施,以及政府对铁路政策实施后的得失,从而为我国的铁路改革提供经验和借鉴.     

The US Antitrust System and Recent Trends in Antitrust Enforcement

This paper provides a survey of recent research on the US antitrust system. First we provide an overview of the US antitrust system, describing the roles of the US Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission and case law. Second, we provide a new econometric trend analysis on the enforcement of US antitrust law, showing that (1) enforcement demonstrates some trend behavior, as well as comovement with business cycles; (2) the time series of antitrust cases demonstrates two distinct episodes, which we characterize as 'pre-deregulation' and 'post-deregulation;' (3) the time series of government antitrust filings leads the time series of private antitrust filings. Finally, we describe recent economic research relevant to the area of antitrust and the impact of this research on US antitrust policy.     

US3仿真系统的网络通信系统的设计与实现

针对US3仿真系统的特殊功能和要求,网络系统设计采用了二层的星型以太网物理拓扑结构,并依据US3系统内程序开发的固定结构和模式,开发设计实时、可靠的网络通信软件,最后有针对性的分析了关键技术。     

美军战略投送公路装卸装备发展现状及趋势研究

美军在公路装卸装备体系建设方面发展相对我军超前,因此对美军公路装卸装备体系建设的研究对我军具有一定的指导及启示意义。文章从美军公路保障装备发展现状分析入手,总结美军公路装卸装备的发展特点及趋势,并提出对我军的指导意义。     

从伊拉克战争看现代军事物流

分析了伊拉克战争美军军事物流中强大的运输能力、可靠的物流保障,信息技术为主导、物资分发可视化,持续“威慑”、从容物流,高机动战法初现美军军事物流软肋等特点,阐述了美军事物流给我们的启示。     

GB 10345.5—89中白酒总酯计算方法的分析与探讨

对ＧＢ１０３４５．５－８０中白酒总酯的计算公式存在的问题,从理论上进行分析,并加以修正。