基于对象—过程—主体分析方法的区域低碳交通评价研究

推动节能减排与促进低碳发展已经成为我国发展的重要议题,建立与低碳交通概念相适应的评价体系,对于我国低碳建设具有重要意义。运用对象—过程—主体分析方法,在对象维度考察能源消耗与碳排放;过程维度考察输入端、循环端和输出端;主体维度考察政府、交通企业和公众的共同行为。由此构建"对象—过程"维度和"对象—主体"维度2个一级指标13个子指标的区域低碳交通评价指标体系。在此基础上,结合模糊数学方法与理想解法,建立区域低碳交通评价方法。以江苏2017年交通发展为例开展评价分析,形成区域低碳交通政策矩阵,以期为低碳交通管理提供参考。     

Innovation capacity comparison of China's information technology industrial clusters: The case of Shanghai, Kunshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the effects of industrial cluster on innovation capacity, and second, to study the impact of external resources on firms' innovation capacity especially under Chinese regional economic policy. This is a critical subject that lacks sufficient analysis. Through years of investment and effort, several IT industrial clusters have developed in China with Shanghai, Kunshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan the better-known examples. These IT industrial clusters were chosen for an empirical study on the disparities in China's innovation capacity. All of the innovation capacity determinants at these four IT industrial clusters were different. It was confirmed that the regional dimension of Chinese economic policy affects firms' innovation capacity in the industrial cluster. The results also show whether the regional policy differences will moderate the cluster effect on innovation.     

Inflation Targeting and Regional Inflation Persistence: Evidence from Korea

The adoption of a credible monetary policy regime such as inflation targeting is known to reduce the persistence of inflation fluctuations. This conclusion, however, is typically derived from aggregate inflation or sectoral inflation rates, not from regional inflation data. This paper studies the regional dimension of inflation targeting; that is, the consequences of inflation targeting for regional inflation persistence. Based on data for Korean cities and provinces it is shown that the adoption of inflation targeting leads: (i) to a fall in inflation persistence at the regional level; and (ii) to a reduction in the cross‐regional heterogeneity in inflation persistence. A factor model lends further support to the role of the common component, and, hence, monetary policy, for regional inflation persistence.     

从区域地理学到新区域主义:20世纪西方地理学区域主义的发展脉络

20世纪西方地理学特别是人文地理学的发展史,就是一种“区域主义”运动并不断转折的历史。文章以区域研究及其争论为核心,分析了20世纪西方地理学从区域地理学到区域方法、从区域方法到区域主义、从区域主义到区域主义的解构、从区域主义的解构到新区域主义的建构等四次重大转向的历史脉络,探讨了区域研究范式不断转向的原因及其意义,并在此基础上阐释了当前西方地理学“新区域主义”运动的性质和特点。     

生态伦理观在公共经济政策中的培育与运用

生态环境危机是当今各国政府面临的重大难题,用生态伦理思想对待自然、协调入与自然之间的关系至关重要。生态伦理为公共经济政策的制订提供重要支持和参考。本文从伦理学和经济学角度阐述了生态伦理与公共经济政策的关系,提出了诸如加强生态环境法制建设、以技术创新为先导、鼓励发展潜势产业以及开征环境资源税等措施,探讨了矿区这一生态脆弱区的先进经验和有效做法,认为充分尊重并遵循生态伦理思想是新时代公共经济政策的必然选择。     

湘南农业结构调整与优化的政策建设探讨

农业结构调整与优化是我国21世纪农业发展战略的必然选择,但须有强力政策支持体系。因此,必须对农业结构调整与优化政策进行准确定位,并建立与之相适应的政策目标和措施体系。作为具有相对区域优势和特殊地位的湘南农业,还应该有自己的区域政策。     

新世纪以来广东文化产业的发展与演变——与国内文化大省的比较

以2000年为起点,以全国前10文化大省为参照,从规模、结构、增长、辐射力、市场和政策环境等角度分析广东文化产业新世纪以来的发展变化,认识了解广东迈向“文化强省”目标中文化产业的发展与演变路径。广东文化产业从波动前行到稳定上升,与国内其它文化大省相比,一直位居前茅,对外辐射力量强劲,具有较强的竞争优势,主要属于市场驱动发展类型。与文化产业前三强省市比较,产业的结构层次偏低,效益不够理想,域内消费需求不足,政策驱动与政府投入力度较弱。今后广东文化产业发展需要强化其在南部中国地区的文化中心辐射力;发展文化创意产业,推动产业结构升级;加大政府投入力度,创造政策推助环境;提振域内文化消费,全面拉动市场需求。     

中国地区差距的变动趋势和影响因素

本文考察我国 2 0世纪 80年代和 90年代地区经济差距的变动趋势 ,分析资本、劳动力、人力资本等生产要素在各地区间的配置与流动状况及其动因 ,考察这些因素对地区差距变化的作用 ,同时也考察制度变革和结构变化等因素对地区经济差距变化的影响。在此基础上判断地区差距变动的未来趋势 ,并分析在不妨碍经济效率的前提下 ,哪些政策因素有助于缩小地区差距。     

Home and away: graduate experience from a regional perspective

The recent establishment of regional assemblies adds a further policy dimension to higher education. This paper consists of an empirical analysis of the choices made by the 1991 Northern Ireland cohort of entrants to higher education to stay in or leave Northern Ireland for universities and subsequently then for employment. The data indicate that the probability to leave was firmly linked to A level scores, though this interacted with religion and social class. The choice of labour market for most students reflected the location of university. Those who returned to Northern Ireland after graduation were less able and earned less on average than those who remained. Employment in the locality of the university improves earnings, possibly due to the information this generates for both parties.     

对“两个大局”战略思想的经济学解释

20世纪80年代邓小平同志提出了"两个大局"的战略思想,为中国的区域发展政策布局指明了方向。本文建立了一个由中央政府、地方政府和跨国公司组成的博弈模型,试着从经济学角度来解释"两个大局"的科学性。模型指出,在地方政府为经济增长而竞争的情况下,中央政府为了最大化整个国家的经济福利,应该选择外资的外部收益较高地区作为政策优惠对象,而政策倾斜力度需要大到足以使得政策优惠地区不提供任何税收补贴即可赢得外资竞争。相比"东部优先"战略而言,"西部大开发"、"振兴东北"、"中部崛起"等发展战略还需要中央政府提供更大的政策倾斜方能见效。     

The American frontier: Technology versus immigration

How important was international immigration for the US and its demography during the nineteenth century? This paper investigates, quantitatively, its effect on the westward movement of population and the regional and secular changes in fertility. Beside immigration, two alternative forces are considered: technological progress and the land policy (the Homestead Act). An optimal growth model with endogenous fertility and migration is calibrated, and counterfactual experiments reveal that the main driving forces were productivity growth and the declining cost of transportation. International immigration played a lesser role.     

统筹区域经济发展的财政政策选择

造成我国区域经济发展不平衡的原因是复杂多样的,其中,国家资金投入、税收优惠政策与政府间财政转移支付资金的安排在地区间的非均衡性对我国区域经济差异扩大有着十分突出的影响,而这又归结为国家在一定时期的财政政策选择.借鉴统筹区域经济发展的国际经验,促进我国区域经济的协调发展,应调整财政投资的区域布局和区域性税收政策,完善财政转移支付制度.     

知识密集型服务业发展的影响因素——基于空间面板数据模型

在界定知识密集型服务业的基础上,构建空间面板数据模型,对2005—2010年我国知识密集型服务业发展的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的知识密集型服务业发展存在明显的正向空间依赖性;区域创新环境在时间维度上具有显著的促进作用,但在空间维度上的作用不显著;教育支撑在空间维度上具有显著的促进作用,但在时间维度上的作用不显著;外部知识联系、政府行为对知识密集型服务业发展具有显著的促进作用。     

论法律与技术政策、技术伦理的协同对策——以技术法律控制边界为视角

技术法律控制已经成为STS研究的重要问题。从社会发展的角度,分析了现代技术法律控制的局限以及确定控制边界的难度,指出解决问题的关键在于加强法律与技术政策、技术伦理的协同,从技术政策、技术伦理法律化的条件、内容和限度等方面,提出了法律与技术政策、技术伦理协同发展的对策。     

Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies

Based on the empirical findings achieved through comparative research involving 40 innovation policy instruments from 11 European regions, this paper proposes a shift in rationale and in the broad orientations of innovation policy to focus on addressing SMEs in their regional context. The main role for innovation policy, which aims to increase the capacity of a region and the capabilities of its SMEs to innovate, is to foster interactive learning within the firms and within the region. This calls for an interactive mode of policy intervention. The paper deals also with the question of how to build a coherent portfolio of policy instruments, taking into account both regional situations and specific SMEs needs in terms of innovation. The key message is that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' policy portfolio. Regional differences in innovation capabilities call for a tailored mix of policy instruments. One salient element of the conclusion is the need for more 'policy intelligence' in this complex field.     

以生态文明建设促进区域经济协调发展的政策选择

以生态文明建设促进区域经济协调发展的重点政策领域为产业生态化政策、消费绿色化政策、资源节约化政策、生态经济化政策、生态科技创新政策、生态制度创新政策等,按照符合阶段与适度超前相结合、相对统一与区别对待相结合等原则,提出了提高产业发展的环境准入标准等24条建议实施的重点政策。在专家调查法和模糊数学综合评价法的基础上,对重点政策做出了政策优先序评价,认为中国现阶段既重要,又紧迫,且有效的重点政策是提高产业发展的环境准入标准,制订产业梯度转移的环境管制政策、综合的政绩考核政策、自然资源产权改革政策、企业清洁生产激励政策,强化绿色消费的宣传政策、政府绿色采购、居民绿色消费鼓励政策、废弃物回收利用政策,开征环境税等。     

A Policy Perspective on European Unemployment

This paper focuses on three major themes in the policy debate on European unemployment. A first issue concerns the causes of unemployment. We point to the diversity of the unemployment performance in Europe and plead for a policy approach which takes into account the interdependence between employment, labour costs and social protection. As a second major theme, we evaluate existing EU policies. While a EU social dimension is gradually developing, the European level is far from providing a comprehensive policy framework at this stage. A third issue relates to the national policy dimension and is linked to Europe's quest for a third way. We compare the corporatist and competitive labour market approach.     

Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies

Based on the empirical findings achieved through comparative research involving 40 innovation policy instruments from 11 European regions, this paper proposes a shift in rationale and in the broad orientations of innovation policy to focus on addressing SMEs in their regional context. The main role for innovation policy, which aims to increase the capacity of a region and the capabilities of its SMEs to innovate, is to foster interactive learning within the firms and within the region. This calls for an interactive mode of policy intervention. The paper deals also with the question of how to build a coherent portfolio of policy instruments, taking into account both regional situations and specific SMEs needs in terms of innovation. The key message is that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' policy portfolio. Regional differences in innovation capabilities call for a tailored mix of policy instruments. One salient element of the conclusion is the need for more 'policy intelligence' in this complex field.     

The ‘new economics’ and policies for financial stability

The purpose of this paper is to consider the policy implications of the ‘new economics’. The focus will be on financial stability as an objective of policy within a more general framework of policies. The theoretical framework upon which we base our policy conclusions is summarised to provide understandings of the operation of the economy and the need for policy interventions, before the main policy implications, the focus of this paper, are discussed. In doing so we argue that an important policy dimension, which has been ignored in the past, is financial stability, a new focus of monetary policy amongst other implications. The theoretical framework upon which we base our policy conclusions tries to avoid the problems encountered by the previously dominant paradigm ‘New Consensus in Macroeconomics’. It represents in this sense ‘new thinking in economics’.     

科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的门槛效应研究

科技人才政策与产学研合作既是国家科技创新系统的重要组成,也是地方政府提升区域创新绩效的重要政策手段。基于此,以27个省（市）2011-2018年面板数据为支撑,运用固定效应模型和门槛回归模型,检验了科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的影响。研究发现：（1）科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的影响显著为正,即科技人才政策有利于区域创新绩效的提升;（2）科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的影响存在产学研合作的门槛效应,即在产学研耦合度大于0.524时,科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的正向激励作用更加明显;（3）科技人才政策对区域创新绩效的影响存在明显的区域差异,即中东部地区科技人才政策与产学研协同政策组合效应优于西部地区。研究结论对于提高我国各省科技人才政策的精准有效设计、优化产学研协同和促进区域科技创新绩效具有重要的理论和实践意义。