Social Performance and Firm Risk: Impact of the Financial Crisis

This paper examines the impact of the recent financial crisis (2008–2009) on the relation between a firm’s risk and social performance (SP) using a sample of non-financial U.S. firms covering the period 1991–2012. We find that the relation between SP and risk is significantly different in the crisis period (post-crisis period) compared to the pre-crisis period. SP reduces volatility during the financial crisis. The risk reduction potential of SP is mainly due to the strengths component of SP. Since the relation of risk is stronger with SP strengths than SP concerns, this implies an asymmetric relation between these SP components and a firm’s risk. Specifically, strengths act as a risk reduction tool during an adverse economic environment.     

企业社会绩效对财务绩效的影响机制

随着全球经济的发展,企业规模不断扩大,企业在经济和社会中的影响力逐渐增强。伴随着企业地位的提升,企业所应承担的责任问题逐渐成为人们关注的热点。Friedman(1962)认为企业唯一的责任就是创造利润,任何违背企业利润最大化的行为都会侵犯股东、消费者或雇员的权益。     

企业社会绩效对财务绩效的影响机制

随着全球经济的发展,企业规模不断扩大,企业在经济和社会中的影响力逐渐增强。伴随着企业地位的提升,企业所应承担的责任问题逐渐成为人们关注的热点。     

Firm heterogeneity and the structure of U.S. multinational activity

We use firm-level data for U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the model of firm heterogeneity presented in Helpman, Melitz, and Yeaple [Helpman, E., Melitz, M., Yeaple, S., 2004. Exports versus FDI with heterogeneous firms. The American Economic Review 94 (1), 300-316.] to make four empirical contributions. First, we show that the most productive U.S. firms invest in a larger number of foreign countries and sell more in each country in which they operate. Second, we assess the importance of firm heterogeneity in the structure of MNE activity. Third, we use the model to identify the mechanisms through which country characteristics affect the structure of MNE activity. Finally, we assess the model's shortcomings in order to inform the development of new theory.     

Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Firm Financial Performance

The monitoring role performed by the board of directors is an important corporate governance control mechanism, especially in countries where external mechanisms are less well developed. The gender composition of the board can affect the quality of this monitoring role and thus the financial performance of the firm. This is part of the “business case” for female participation on boards, though arguments may also be framed in terms of ethical considerations. While the issue of board gender diversity has attracted growing research interest in recent years, most empirical results are based on U.S. data. This article adds to a growing number of non-U.S. studies by investigating the link between the gender diversity of the board and firm financial performance in Spain, a country which historically has had minimal female participation in the workforce, but which has now introduced legislation to improve equality of opportunities. We investigate the topic using panel data analysis and find that gender diversity – as measured by the percentage of women on the board and by the Blau and Shannon indices – has a positive effect on firm value and that the opposite causal relationship is not significant. Our study suggests that investors in Spain do not penalise firms which increase their female board membership and that greater gender diversity may generate economic gains.     

美国金融危机及应对策略

美国金融危机主要在于金融风险内生力量和外部环境两个因素,其所引发的世界经济衰退导致中国经济增长减速。从经济学的角度来分析,中国应该在扩大投资、促进国内消费、扩大政府支出、继续促进出口等方面,积极应对金融危机和经济衰退,同时要继续注重环境与生态的保护。     

恐怖主义对美国经济意味着什么?

恐怖分子对美国的大规模攻击是史无前例的.人们不能确知后果将如何,而所能做的是研究美国尤其是美国经济将如何变化,因为这种变化的到来是无疑的.打击恐怖主义可能导致对经济的影响:国防支出可能将消耗美国国内生产总值的更大份额;企业的经营成本可能上升;短期内劳动生产率难以增长;消费者的信心可能比以前更多地取决于对外政策和军事成就.     

金融资产配置对企业价值影响的实证研究

随着中国经济金融化程度的不断加深,金融资产已经成为实体企业资产的重要组成部分,对企业价值的创造具有重要影响.本文以2007-2016年中国A股非金融上市公司为研究样本,通过构建不同持有动机下的计量模型,实证分析金融资产配置与企业价值之间的关系.研究结果表明,企业金融资产配置在整体上显著降低了企业价值,对于融资约束程度不同的公司,企业金融资产比重与企业价值之间并不存在显著相关关系;而对于市场套利动机越强的公司而言,企业金融资产比重与企业价值之间的负向相关关系越显著.进一步研究发现,企业配置金融资产对研发投入和资本投资产生“挤出效应”,而且显著抑制了企业经营业务全要素生产率的提升.最后,本文针对“脱实入虚”“实体部门金融化”等现象从政府和企业两个层面提出了相关政策建议.     

The Impact of a Rising Dollar on the U.S. Economy

Since June 2014, the dollar has strengthened dramatically. The effects of such a rise—and its likely continuation—on the U.S. economy are many, complex, and often obscure and could affect a number of business decisions. In this paper, the authors investigate the impact of a 10 percent rise in the value of the dollar against all other currencies through the use of a macroeconometric model. They examine direct effects and the full range of indirect effects and find that through a number of negative feedback the indirect effects will significantly offset the direct effects on GDP, interest rates, and many other macroeconomic variables—including the value of the dollar itself.     

The Impact of Firm Capabilities and Competitive Advantages on Import Intermediary Performance

ABSTRACT

Import intermediary firms, domestic firms that serve U.S. industries by linking domestic wholesalers/retailers and foreign distributors/manufacturers, handled a whopping U.S. $1.85 trillion of commodity good imports in 2006. This study focused on these important firms by assessing the role of capabilities and competitive advantages as key determinants of import intermediary performance. The empirical results showed that market interpretation, sourcing, and service capabilities, overall, positively affected cost, product, and service competitive advantages. These competitive advantages, in turn, positively affected their relationship performance with business partners. Results, however, also indicated some interesting negative associations among sourcing capabilities, service advantages, and relationship performance with foreign partners, raising questions about extant firm performance theory.     

China Business Delegation Visits U.S and Canada

CCPIT will organize a business delegation consisting of over one hundred entrepreneurs to visit U.S. and Canada in June 2009, which are invited by US Chamber of Commerce, the U.S. Western Gover-nors Association and the China-Canada Trade Council. Mr. Han Meiqing, vice minister of International Liaison Department of CCPIT, announced this news on April 16, 2009 at a press conference. And they will launch a series of economic and trade exchanges. “Forum on Sino-US trade and investment cooperation” will be held in the U.S, and it will be the largest scale economic and trade exchange by China and U.S business communities since Obama took office.     

美国轮胎特保案对我匡的影响及其对策

美国轮胎特保案给我国造成了深远的影响,使我国的轮胎企业盈利能力下降,轮胎产业遭受重大的冲击,在“多米诺骨牌效应”的影响下,我国轮胎的外贸出口环境进一步恶化,影响中美两国贸易伙伴关系的健康发展。企业应积极调整产品结构以及出口结构,积极开拓海外市场和国内市场,实行出口市场多元化战略,同时加强应诉人才的培养;行业协会要发挥积极作用;政府要给国内轮胎企业必要的扶持,三者相互协作,帮助我国轮胎企业摆脱困境。     

西宁特钢高管团队特征对公司绩效影响的调查研究

本文研究西宁特钢高管团队特征对公司绩效的影响,采用自下而上的评价方法,将调查对象锁定在公司普通员工、中低层管理者。通过对公司普通员工进行全面问卷调查获得大数据样本结果,并对部分普通员工进行深入访谈,以挖掘深层次的数据资源。调查结果显示高管团队任期和年龄均与公司绩效呈倒U形关系,高管团队教育背景与公司绩效呈正相关关系,高管团队职业背景丰富度与公司绩效存在临界点,临界点之前两者呈正相关,超过临界点后反之。     

美国股票回购动机演变对我国回购市场的启示

利用股票回购与每股收益变化之间的关系提供经济信号理论假设,随着美国公司股票回购的日益普遍,已经变得弱化或消失,股票回购的真正价值最终还是回归到股票价格与期望价值之间的经济利益。中国证卷市场上的股票回购开始于1992年,2005年成为市场新热点。在股权分置改革之时,股票回购将会成为中国资本市场新兴的金融工具。但要特别注意对于中小投资者利益的保护,完善股票回购的制度。     

美国的金融体系与风险投资模式

风险投资模式的选择与金融体系有着密切的关系。金融体系可以从风险资本的来源、风险投资的中介形式以及风险资本的退出途径三个方面影响一个国家风险投资模式的选择。美国的金融体系是以资本市场为依托的,使得风险资本有丰厚的来源,有合理的风险投资中介组织,而且为风险资本的退出提供了最有效的途径。     

The Impact of U.S.-Sponsored Foreign Trade Office Activities

ABSTRACT

Foreign trade offices (FTOs) are an important, little-understood element in the export promotion portfolio of U.S. state export promotion organizations. The value of these organizations is in dispute. In recent years California closed its FTOs in response to budgetary pressures, claiming that these organizations exist primarily to enhance the political standing of politicians rather than to act as effective export development tools. During the same period Washington State opened several new FTOs. Clearly the value of these organizations is in dispute. Another consideration in the effectiveness of U.S. exporters is the subnational contour of the American economic system. State business climates vary considerably, thereby influencing exporter success as well as those programs (such as FTOs) intended to improve firm performance. We hypothesize and find that (a) state entrepreneurial climate is positively related to state exports and (b) FTO network entry activities amplify the impact of state entrepreneurial climate on state exports. Implications for firms and policy makers are explored.