上市公司客户集中度与盈利能力实证研究——来自创业板制造业的经验证据

基于创业板制造业企业2011年至2015年的面板数据,采用多元回归的方法研究客户集中度对企业盈利能力的影响,并进一步研究了资产规模、财务杠杆、上市年限、营业收入增长率等因素对客户集中度与盈利能力之间相关关系的调节作用。研究发现:(1)客户集中度与企业的盈利能力呈负相关,客户集中度越高的公司其盈利能力越低;(2)企业资产规模对客户集中度与盈利能力的相关性有显著正向调节作用,财务杠杆和上市年限则具有显著反向调节作用,而企业营业收入增长率并不存在此调节作用。本研究为更好地理解供应链关系中客户集中度对企业盈利水平的影响提供帮助,也为企业管理层制定更加合理有效的经营和销售策略提供借鉴。     

企业战略、客户集中度与审计收费

本文以2013—2017年沪深A股上市企业为研究样本,对企业战略差异和客户集中度在审计收费中的作用与影响机理进行实证检验.研究发现:客户集中度越高的企业审计收费就越高,即客户集中度与审计收费显著正相关;战略差异越高审计收费就越高,即战略差异与审计收费显著正相关;战略差异显著削弱了客户集中度与审计收费之间的相关性.     

企业创新能力对企业价值的影响——基于中国移动互联网上市公司的实证研究

本研究基于1999—2010年中国移动互联网上市公司的专利数据进行实证研究,将企业创新能力分为科技研发能力、创新资源管理能力和创新组织结构能力。研究发现,移动互联网公司科技研发能力的增强有助于公司价值和公司绩效的提高;当公司的创新资源集中度越高时,公司的价值越高,且当公司越集中于突破性创新时,创新资源集中度对公司价值的正向作用增强;移动互联网公司的创新组织结构也会影响公司价值的实现,当创新结构趋于分散时,科技研发能力对公司价值的正向作用增强,当创新结构趋于集中时,科技研发能力对公司价值的正向作用减弱。     

环境不确定性、客户集中度与企业创新能力——基于创业板公司上市前后主要客户变动的视角

不同于以往从创新的动力、过程、结果以及内部影响因素等方面研究企业的创新能力,以2009—2014年在创业板上市的公司为研究对象,首次基于客户集中度变化的动态视角,考察分析环境不确定性约束条件下客户集中度对企业创新能力的影响。研究表明,客户集中度与企业创新能力呈显著负相关,且环境不确定性的提高强化了这种负相关关系;客户集中度的增加会提高客户的议价能力,蚕食企业利润空间,加大道德风险、经营风险和财务风险,从而削弱企业的创新能力。同时,企业应当实时调整经营战略,提升自身在供应链管理中的话语权与市场竞争力,消解客户集中度的不利影响,应对环境不确定性对企业管理和市场竞争力的挑战。     

地区金融发展水平、客户集中度与企业债务融资成本

以沪深A股上市公司2010—2020年的数据为样本，探究客户集中度对债务融资成本的影响，并进一步探究金融发展水平在该关系中的调节作用。研究结果表明：在控制相关变量保持不变后，企业客户集中度越高，企业债务融资成本越高，且地区金融发展水平对该作用机制有正向调节作用。该研究丰富了客户集中度经济后果和基于供应链管理视角的企业债务融资成本研究成果，为企业进行客户管理、优化融资决策提供了理论依据。     

债券信用评级能否反映大客户风险?

大客户具有较强的议价能力,客户集中度风险是企业风险管理的重要内容.以往的研究主要集中于客户集中度过高对股票市场的影响,较少关注债券市场中评级机构对发行人大客户风险的甄别能力.本文以2007～2019年发行公司债为样本,检验了债券信用评级对客户集中度风险的揭示程度.实证研究发现:客户集中度越高,信用评级机构的评级等级越低...     

客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的影响研究

基于资源依赖理论和信号传递理论，利用手工收集的供应商企业-客户对均为上市公司的数据，系统考察客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的影响。研究发现，客户盈余表现越好，越能促进供应商企业的创新投资。调节作用研究发现，供应链关系越稳定、越趋于良性，供应链企业的协同效应越明显，即高盈余客户对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越强；企业与客户的产品多元化程度越低，客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越显著；高盈余客户通过降低供应商企业经营风险促进了供应商企业创新投资。进一步分析发现，供应商企业市场竞争程度越高、融资约束程度越高、客户相对议价能力越强，客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越会显著增强。研究结论拓展了客户盈余表现经济后果的理论边界，对推动供应链整合及供给侧结构性改革具有重要的启示意义。     

供应商/客户集中度与企业盈余持续性：保险抑或风险

选取2010—2016年我国A股制造业上市公司为样本,考察供应商/客户集中度对公司盈余持续性的影响。研究发现：供应商/客户集中度提高会负向影响盈余持续性,即供应商/客户集中度越高,公司的盈余持续性越低。上述关系在不同市场竞争地位、产权性质和机构投资者持股比例的上市公司中有所差异。公司的市场竞争优势越强,供应商/客户集中度对盈余持续性的负面影响越弱;国有企业相对于民营企业,能显著缓解供应商/客户集中度提高对盈余持续性的负向影响;机构投资者持股比例的提高,能减轻供应商/客户集中度与盈余持续性之间的负向关系。进一步的机制分析发现,供应商集中度的上升使企业毛利率下降,客户集中度的提高使企业经营风险增加,从而对盈余持续性产生负面影响。     

客户集中度、企业环保投资与绿色创新

客户关系是影响企业环保行为的重要因素，本文检验了客户集中度与企业环保投资、绿色创新之间的关系。研究发现：客户集中度与企业环保投资呈“倒U”型关系，与企业绿色创新呈负相关关系。门槛模型检验结果表明：在不同的环保投资水平下，客户集中度对企业绿色创新的影响存在单重门槛效应，即当环保投资小于门槛值，客户集中度会抑制企业绿色创新，当环保投资高于门槛值，客户集中度对企业绿色创新的影响由负转正。进一步基于行业污染程度的异质性检验发现：客户集中对重度污染行业环保投资的促进作用最大，对中度污染行业绿色创新的抑制作用最大，且仅在中度污染行业，客户集中度对企业绿色创新的影响存在环保投资门槛效应。因此，企业应强化绿色创新理念，且与客户建立信息共享机制；政府需进一步增强环境规制，并加强对企业绿色创新活动的扶持力度；要高度重视中度污染行业的减排状况。     

供应链关系对银行借款的影响机制研究——商业信用的中介作用和行业环境的调节效应

党的十九届五中全会提出要提升产业链和供应链现代化水平,组织实施产业链与金融业深度融合,增强供应链的弹性和韧性。本文以2009-2019年所有A股上市公司为研究对象,通过中介效应检验,分析供应链关系对银行借款的影响机制。研究发现,供应商集中度越高,银行借款规模就越大,且从供应商获得的商业信用净额在其中发挥中介传导效应;客户集中度越高,银行借款规模就越大,且向客户提供的商业信用净额在其中发挥中介传导效应。进一步以行业环境为调节变量,研究发现,所处行业成长性高、竞争激烈时,企业的供应商集中度、客户集中度与银行借款规模的显著性均更强。研究结论揭示和验证了供应链关系影响企业银行借款的内在机制,为企业加强供应链关系管理提供了理论依据。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。