循环经济与新农村建设

一、循环经济的内涵可持续发展理论的形成,是人类在享受现代工业文明辉煌成果的同时,又付出了环境污染、资源匮乏、生态失衡等沉重代价之后,重新审视经济发展与生态环境相互关系正反两方面的经验和教训的基础上进行反思的结果。可持续发展的目标是人类的发展要实现经济发展、社会进步和环境保护之间的三维和谐统一。而循环经济是当今国际社会推进可持续发展的一种实践模式。循环经济思想来源于人们对资源稀缺性的认识,诞生于环境保护运动兴起的20世纪60年代。美国经济学家鲍尔丁在《宇宙飞船经济观》中首次提出了循环经济的概念。他指出:“…     

循环经济与新农村建设

一、循环经济的内涵 可持续发展理论的形成,是人类在享受现代工业文明辉煌成果的同时,又付出了环境污染、资源匮乏、生态失衡等沉重代价之后,重新审视经济发展与生态环境相互关系正反两方面的经验和教训的基础上进行反思的结果.可持续发展的目标是人类的发展要实现经济发展、社会进步和环境保护之间的三维和谐统一.而循环经济是当今国际社会推进可持续发展的一种实践模式.     

第五届环境与发展中国（国际）论坛在京开幕

9月17日,“第五届环境与发展中国（国际）论坛”在北京开幕,主题为“推进生态文明建设,促进绿色经济发展”。论坛同时设立了四个专题分论坛,就区域生态环境保护与生态文明社会构建、生物多样性保护与生态安全维护、绿色经济与可持续发展和农村生态环境保护与新农村建设等方面的理论与实践进行了深入研讨。会议提出,要不断出台绿色经济新政策,鼓励推行绿色经济发展,并以城市为依托,大力发展循环经济、绿色经济,将其培育成新的经济增长点;     

发展循环经济 建设生态文明

牢固树立科学发展观,发展循环经济,建设生态文明,是促进人与自然和谐的重大战略举措,对于实现中国经济社会的全面、协调、可持续发展具有重要的意义和作用。生态文明建设的目的就是要使人与自然和谐发展,使人口、环境与社会经济的发展相适应。循环经济是一种“资源产品再生资源”的资源循环方式,它相对于以前的那种“资源产品废品”的循环方式,是节约资源和能源,实行低投入、低消耗、低排放和高效率的节约型增长方式。生态文明社会的建设过程,也是循环经济的发展过程。     

树立循环经济理念 实施系统发展战略

当今世界各国,都在努力实施经济与社会可持续发展战略,都在探寻经济发展、环境保护和社会进步共赢的道路,根据我国特别是国际上多年的实践经验,循环经济是一条有别于传统经济发展模式,能够有效解决众多环境问题,并支持未来经济高速发展的可持续发展之路。在人们的概念中,“循环经济”这个概念相对是     

我国生态文明建设需要二次改革

建设生态文明是一场社会革命。从工业文明向生态文明转型需要进行新的改革。改革的要点包括:建立基于生态环境保护的制度体系,把生态建设与环境保护纳入国民经济核算与评价体系中;构建与生态文明相适应的循环经济模式;培育生态建设与环境保护产业,大力倡导生态文化。     

树立和落实科学发展观 促进人与自然和谐发展

环境保护、社会进步、经济建设共同构成可持续发展的三大支柱，做好环保工作是落实科学发展观的具体体现。福建省的环境保护工作要在服务经济发展中，促进人与自然的和谐相处，促进社会全面进步，促进入的全面发展。     

生态文明观视野中的循环经济

十六大报告明确指出，中国要走“可持续发展能力不断增强，生态环境得到改善，资源利用效率显著提高．促进人与自然的和谐。推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路”。这实际上就是提出了发展循环经济，建设生态文明的伟大目标。党的十六届五中全会明确提出我国要建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，这是党中央着力解决我国经济发展与资源环境矛盾的一项重大战略决策。建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会是中国社会发展的战略选择。发展循环经济是建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会，实现可持续发展，迈向生态文明的必由之路。     

循环经济是福建可持续发展的必然选择

循环经济是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心，以“减量化、再利用、资源化”为原则，适应可持续发展要求的新的经济模式。发展循环经济是福建实施可持续战略的内在要求。根据世界经济发展的一般规律，当一个国家或地区的人均GDI，处于500美元至3000美元的发展阶段，往往对应着人口、资源、环境等瓶颈约束最为严重的时期，同时也是经济容易失调、社会容易失序、心理容易失衡，整个经济社会系统需要调整重建的关键时期；如能成功地转变经济增长方式，加强循环经济建设，不但能有效地克服发展路径上的障碍，而且可探寻地走出一条可持续发展之路。近年来，随着福建省经济快速增长，能源、水、土地等资源不足的矛盾越来越突出，生态建设和环境保护的形势日益严峻。大力发展循环经济，合理利用资源，重视生态效益，建设节约型社会，努力实现可持续发展，显得尤为重要和迫切。     

基于循环经济理论的云南铜矿产业可持续发展探讨

发展循环经济是我国21世纪实现经济发展与环境保护的新思路，是走新型工业化道路的具体体现以循环经济理论为指导，以云南铜矿产业的可持续发展赢取竞争优势，促进区域经济协调发展，成为政府和企业关注的焦点。加快循环经济研究是云南铜矿产业突破资源制约，实现可持续发展的必然选择；也是解决云南铜矿企业主要问题的有效途径之一.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

Team Dynamics Where Followers Have Illusion about Guide

A team is assigned to accomplish a task in each infinitely-repeated period. The guide of the team and his followers are allowed to have asymmetric productivity; also the followers have either a hostile or favorable illusion toward the guide. Respective efforts and the followers’ illusion are private information. At the end of each period, the output of the joint task emerges and the followers evaluate the guide. The analysis shows (1) that potential for an unreasonable evaluation suppresses the guide’s effort down to an average level; (2) letting the followers inform the guide of their illusion in advance increases both sides’ payoffs; (3) abolishing the evaluation reduces both sides’ payoffs in general; and (4) however, if the magnitude of the followers’ hostile illusion weighted by its relative probability is enormous, abolishing the evaluation increases the output and the guide’s payoff.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.