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1.
In this paper we generalize the R procedure to test a null linear regression model against a separate alternative in the context of generalized instrumental variable estimation, and thereby motivate the use of the standard F test. The relations between the F test and several one-degree-of-freedom separate tests are examined under the null, and the asymptotic distributions of the statistics are evaluated under local alternatives. It is shown that the one-degree-of-freedom tests can be more powerful than the F test under a Pesaran-type local alternative, and that the F test is more widely consistent than the one-degree-of-freedom tests.  相似文献   

2.
《Applied economics》2012,44(24):3135-3147
We investigate the determinants of renewable energy R&D intensity and the impact of renewable energy innovations on firm performance, using several dynamic panel data models. We estimate these models using a large data set of European firms from 19 different countries, with some patenting activity in areas related to renewable energies during the 1987 to 2007 period. Our results confirm our priors on the determinants of the rapid development of renewable energy R&D intensity during the past decades. Additionally, we find evidence that renewable patent intensity has a significant dynamic impact on the stock market value of firms.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, we estimate the effect of different macro and micro variables on the distribution of unemployment duration in West Germany using censored quantile regressions. We analyze unemployment periods of more than 91,000 observations from the years 1981 to 1997 drawn from the IAB employment subsample. The latter is an administrative data set that is representative with respect to the socially insured workforce. Surprisingly, we find that the educational degree and variables indicating the macroeconomic environment such as the unemployment rate have a weak effect only. On the other hand, variables reflecting the (un-)employment history of an individual such as the length of tenure, recall to the same employer in the past, recent unemployment, and the position in the population income distribution before unemployment have the strongest effects on unemployment duration. We conclude that work history variables are the ones most suitable in characterizing the unemployment duration of an individual. From a methodological point of view, it is interesting that some regression coefficients have a different sign depending on the quantiles of the unemployment duration distribution. This clearly is a violation of the classical proportional hazard assumption which is very common in unemployment duration analysis.  相似文献   

4.
Shengrong Lu 《Applied economics》2013,45(18):1833-1846
This study adopts a spatial dynamic panel data approach and spatial quasi-maximum likelihood to re-estimate the speed of growth convergence in 91 countries based on technological interdependence and spatial externalities. We perform a conditional Lagrange multiplier test for spatial error dependence and find some differences to previous studies. First, the switch from a cross-sectional to a dynamic panel data framework enables the estimated rate of conditional convergence to be higher, more accurate and more appropriate for realistic and theoretical expectations. Second, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is a general form of simplified model that considers spatial error correlation, and its likelihood ratio test for the theoretical model of ‘learning by doing’ effect provides further evidence. Finally, statistical tests find that spatial correlation not only occurs in each variable, but also appears in the error term. Thus, the SDM does not exist in the assumptions associated with the spatial error, which are not necessarily correct.  相似文献   

5.
以中国30个省市自治区作为横截面单元,将全国分为三个部分,利用各横截面单元2000~2011年组成的面板数据,建立动态面板数据模型分析工业化、城镇化对能源强度的影响。结果表明:城镇化水平对我国不同地区的影响有显著差异,在东部地区,提高城镇化水平能有效降低能源强度,而就全国范围和中西部地区而言,城镇化水平的提高阻碍了能源强度的降低;工业化水平的提高推动了能源强度的上升。根据得出的结论,文章还对降低能源强度提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

6.
Evidence suggests that a significant percentage of the university spin-offs (USOs) have a low growth capacity, putting in question the use of public funds to promote this kind of entrepreneurship. In addition, previous studies of the USOs’ growth have not dealt with the dynamic nature of firm growth, which might have led to questionable results. This paper analyses whether the university origin of a firm conditions its growth by applying a methodology which captures this dynamic nature of growth. Using a sample of 469 Spanish USOs and an equivalently matched group of 469 Spanish non-USOs over the period 2001–2010, we find that USOs have more growth than non-USOs, both in terms of sales and employment. In addition, the USOs’ growth is influenced by a set of determinants that differ from those of non-USOs. On the basis of the results, we propose some policies to foster the USOs.  相似文献   

7.
We estimate the relationship between changes in the body mass index (bmi) and wages or satisfaction, respectively, in a panel of German employees. In contrast to previous findings, our dynamic models indicate an inverse u-shaped association between bmi and wages. As the implied maximum occurs in the ‘overweight’ category, the positive trend in weight may not yet constitute a major limitation to productivity. Further investigation points out a stronger association among young workers and workers with jobs that are less protected. Work satisfaction of young workers is associated with bmi beyond the effect of earnings.  相似文献   

8.
外商直接投资在对中国经济增长起到积极推动作用的同时,我们也不可忽视其可能会对我国环境造成的影响。文章通过构建环境污染综合指数,并且以东中西部为三个横截面建立动态面板数据模型来分析外商直接投资对各个地区环境的影响。结果显示,外商直接投资和东部中部地区的环境污染指数之间有正相关关系,和西部地区的环境污染指数之间是一个负相关关系。  相似文献   

9.
    
In this article we attempt to evaluate the impact of various information shocks on cigarette consumption. In contrast to the existing studies, we do not impose any break points a priori. We use recently developed techniques for sample splitting in the data on US cigarette demand, and find that using a time index as a transition variable can cluster cigarette demand into four distinct regimes. In the past four decades a myopic-to-rational switch in cigarette consumption behaviour was observed in response to various anti-smoking information events. In particular, we find strong evidence in support of the rational addiction model in the 1980s and 1990s. Moreover, in line with the theoretical prediction, our estimate of the long-run elasticity is twice as large as the short-run elasticity. Our empirical framework should improve policy makers' understanding of the dynamics of cigarette consumption in response to various anti-smoking campaigns, and stress the role of sound policy making in improving smoking control measures.  相似文献   

10.
集聚水平测度是现代服务业集聚研究的关键,通过集聚指标和动态面板模型,从静态和动态两方面分析黑龙江省现代服务业集聚的静态特征和动态机制,结果表明,黑龙江省现代服务业集聚程度总体较低,但有较高的区域集聚趋势和较弱的企业集聚趋势。黑龙江省现代服务业集聚程度变化是回复效应和随机效应共同作用的结果,其中回复效应的作用相对较小。  相似文献   

11.
This study examines the non-linear relationship between stock markets in GCC countries and their country risk ratings as well as with major macroeconomic factors. Based on a dynamic panel threshold model with two and four regimes, the results provide evidence of short-term asymmetry between first-lagged GCC stock returns and the performance of GCC stock markets. In addition, only the financial risk (FR) rating has a significant positive effect on the performance of GCC stock markets according to the prevailing regimes for the GCC lagged returns and the Brent oil market. Among the macroeconomic factors, improvements in the global stock markets, the MSCI Global Islamic Index, and the oil price increased the performance of GCC stock markets, whereas increases in the gold price, the 3-month U.S. Treasury bill rate, and the U.S. Treasury bond rate reduced the performance of the GCC stock markets. These results have important implications for investors, policymakers, and portfolio managers.  相似文献   

12.
Increasing competition in the European Union (EU) and world markets affects the Greek manufacturing sector. Capital structure is essential for the survival, growth and performance of a firm. There has been a growing interest worldwide in identifying the factors associated with debt leverage. However, nothing has been done so far in contrasting small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and large sized enterprises (LSEs) on these aspects. SMEs are very important in the Greek manufacturing sector for employment and growth. Empirical studies show that capital structure and the factors affecting it vary with firm size. In this paper we investigate the determinants of capital structure of Greek manufacturing firms and formulate some policy implications that may improve the financial performance of the sector. Our study utilizes panel data of two random samples, one for SMEs and another for LSEs. The findings show that profitability is a major determinant of capital structure for both size groups. However, efficient assets management and assets growth are found essential for the debt structure of LSEs as opposed to efficiency of current assets, size, sales growth and high fixed assets, which were found to affect substantially the credibility of SMEs. In an era of increasing globalization, the findings imply that Greek SMEs should focus their efforts on (a) increasing their cash flow capacity through better assets management and achievement of higher exports and (b) ensuring good bank relations, but at the same time, turn to alternative forms of financing. Greek LSEs should adopt strategies that will lead to the improvement of their competitiveness and securing new forms of financing. Government policy measures aiming at structural changes and economic efficiency should be designed clearly depending upon its targets: SMEs need policies that will encourage information exchange and co‐operation in local and foreign markets and use of e‐business, as well as, financial assistance. On the other hand, LSEs should be supported by policies aimed at new high‐technology investments, entrance of new firms and foreign investments in the country, tax alleviation and increase of R&D and training expenditures. The upgrading and transparency of the capital market in Greece is expected to improve the capital structure of Greek manufacturing firms.  相似文献   

13.
我国农用化肥施用量不断提高带来的环境污染问题日益严重。研究化肥施用的影响因素及其影响程度,为防止化肥滥施、保护生态环境提供依据意义重大。文章采用1999~2008年我国31个省(市、区)的面板数据,通过面板单位根检验、协整关系检验和多元回归方法分别对国内东、中、西三大区域化肥施用密度与其影响因素之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,三大区域农民人均纯收入、人口规模对化肥施用密度具有显著的正向影响,三大区域化肥价格增长率、粮食种植面积比重、化肥产出效率对化肥施用密度具有显著的负向影响,三大区域种植产品生产价格、种植业劳动力数量、农产品国际贸易对化肥施用密度具有不同的影响效果或显著性。  相似文献   

14.
This paper tests the predictive value of subjective labour supply data for adjustments in working hours over time. The idea is that if subjective labour supply data help to predict working hours, the subjective data must contain at least some information on individual labour supply preferences. In this paper, I formulate a partial-adjustment model that allows for measurement error in the observed variables. Applying estimation methods that are developed for dynamic panel data models, I find evidence for a predictive power of subjective labour supply data concerning desired working hours in the German Socio-Economic Panel 1988–1995.I wish to thank John Haisken-DeNew, Astrid Kunze, Markus Pannenberg, Winfried Pohlmeier, Frank Windmeijer, Rainer Winkelmann, my former colleagues at IZA and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. The author gratefully acknowledges DIW for providing the data.First version received: December 2001/Final version received: December 2003  相似文献   

15.
国际金融危机的爆发引起了人们对银行资本缓冲经济周期行为更为广泛的关注。本文构建动态面板数据模型对银行资本缓冲与经济周期及相关决定性因素的关系进行估计。研究结果表明,2002-2009年,中国上市银行资本缓冲具有逆周期行为,该特征并未因商业银行产权性质不同而存在显著差异,其主要来源于银行资本金及风险加权资产与经济周期之间显著相关性的共同作用,政府注资、上市融资等资本补充渠道是短期内提高银行资本缓冲的重要外源途径,建立市场化的长效资本金补充机制、确定适度的资本缓冲区间是后金融危机时代我国监管当局和商业银行的重点议题。  相似文献   

16.
The paper examines to what extent exchange rate volatility affects Vietnam’s bilateral import value. The two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) was employed on panel data over a 10-year period. Exchange rate volatility was generated by two measures, including generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) and moving standard deviation (MOVSD). A variety of diagnostic tests which ensure the consistency of GMM estimates were discussed. The main findings confirm that all explanatory variables demonstrated the expected signs, and exchange rate volatility has positive impacts on Vietnam's import flows. However, there is a large overall difference between the results produced with those two volatility measures.  相似文献   

17.
齐伟 《经济问题》2012,(9):66-69
利用2004~2008年间的动态面板数据模型,对开放因素为中国制造业部门所带来的技术溢出效应进行了实证分析。结果表明:(1)开放因素对制造业部门的总体技术溢出效应存在很大差异,出口贸易对中国制造业部门具有显著的正向技术溢出效应,而外商投资对制造业部门的技术进步则存在负面影响;(2)分部门看,外商投资的技术溢出效应主要体现在高技术制造业和中高技术制造业部门,而出口贸易对所有制造业部门都具有显著的正向技术溢出效应。  相似文献   

18.
In this article, the size and power properties of the Common-factor Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS), Wald (W), Likelihood Ratio (LR) and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests are investigated when the error term follows a spatial error model. In this study, the results from the Monte Carlo simulations, first, show that the CIPS test over-estimates the nominal size. Second, the simulation results show that the empirical size of the W test approaches the nominal size quickly, while the LR and LM tests underestimate the null hypothesis in both small and moderate sample sizes. Finally, the results also show that even though the LM and LR tests under-reject the true-null hypothesis they have higher power than the W test.  相似文献   

19.
通过构建一个由最低工资标准等因素共同决定的劳动力就业函数,从理论层面分析最低工资标准提升等因素对城镇劳动力就业的影响。同时基于中国2004_2011年的省际面板数据,引入技术进步、城镇化、老年抚养比等指标,运用面板分位数回归方法进行实证分析。综合比较来看:现阶段最低工资标准提升与城镇劳动力就业呈显著正相关关系,而技术进步对城镇劳动力就业的影响不能一概而论,具有不确定性。其他控制变量如城镇化发展有利于提高城镇劳动力就业,而老年抚养比、对外开放度的提高却与城镇劳动力就业呈负相关关系。其对策含义为:要充分考虑相关因素对劳动力就业的冲击,理清不同地区、不同企业类型以及不同性别可能存在的有差异的劳动力就业效应,主张通过就业政策和劳动力市场制度的进一步完善,实现劳动力更加充分的就业。  相似文献   

20.
We estimate a semiparametric dynamic panel data model by the local linear kernel method and we interpret the slope of the nonparametric component function as a varying slope coefficient. Thus, the slope coefficient is a smooth, but otherwise unknown, function of some of the regressors. A Monte Carlo experiment is reported to examine the finite sample performance of the local linear estimator. We apply the estimation method to a labor supply equation for men from the triannual Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Specification tests based on the estimated labor supply elasticities, partial adjustment coefficients, and residuals demonstrate the improvements from a semiparametric partially linear model. Our empirical results point to a need by economists to revisit the issue of the speed of labor market adjustment to policy induced shifts in labor demand and to take more formal econometric account of heterogeneity in wage effects when studying the distributional consequences of tax reforms for labor supply earnings. First version received: July 2000/Final version received: January 2001  相似文献   

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