论情境因素对消费者购房决策的影响

情境因素对消费者行为具有重要的影响，本文介绍了消费情境的相关理论，对影响消费者的情境因素进行分析和探讨，并提出了房地产营销的相关建议。     

情境因素对网络社群中消费者生成内容行为的影响研究——以IT产品消费为例

Web2.0技术的发展,使得消费者可通过在线网络或社区自由地生成内容,但少有研究关注情境因素对消费者生成内容行为的影响。本文通过从现有网络消费者社群中收集数据,采用客观度量的方式,研究了情境因素对消费者生成内容行为的影响。结果表明,消费者生成内容行为受到激励、标识、地位、知识和声望的影响。更具体地说,与无激励相比,消费者在有激励的条件下,对其他消费者的问题响应更加及时,响应的平均速度也更快,生成内容所含信息量更多;网络社群团队成员标识和级别地位都对消费者生成内容的频率及信息量产生正向影响;网络社群消费者的级别地位正向影响其生成内容领域的发展,并进而影响其生成内容频率的变化;网络社群消费者向其声望领域生成内容更加及时,且生成内容所含信息量更大。     

社会化媒体中消费者生成广告的影响因素模型及作用路径

如今社会化媒体中随处可见消费者对品牌信息的评论、转发以及创作与品牌相关内容的行为,这样的行为对品牌传播产生了极大影响,它相对于传统品牌传播方式更有效。那么社会化媒体中消费者生成广告行为受到何种因素的影响,这些因素之间存在何种内在逻辑关系？本研究采用立意抽样的方式,选择活跃于社会化媒体（微博、微信、美拍）中的消费者作为研究对象,使用扎根理论的开放式编码、主轴编码与选择性编码对访谈材料进行分析,最后结合选择性编码与“故事线”的方式构建了CGA-EESM影响因素模型。该模型显示：环境、经验、刺激与动机是消费者生成广告行为的四个关键影响因素,它们之间存在错综复杂的作用路径。     

行为定价:基于消费者心理的定价智慧

行为定价脱胎于行为经济学,是一种将消费者心理学和行为决策理论运用到定价环境中的理论。与传统价格策略相比,行为定价更加关注不同价格情境下消费者的价格行为。它强调价格策略的目的在于分析、利用消费者自身的"非理性"因素引导消费者在不同情境下的购买决策,以提高企业的收入和业绩。本文阐述了行为定价理论的思想和特征,希望对企业的定价行为具有启示作用。     

电子邮件营销影响网络消费者行为实证分析

作为网络营销的重要手段，电子邮件营销对网络消费者行为有着重要的影响。本文对以AIDA模型为依据，以认知、兴趣、欲望、购买为研究目标，以网络消费者为研究对象，建立认知、兴趣、欲望、购买四个因子的关系模型对网络消费者行为进行实证分析，最后得出这几个因素与消费者行为之间的相关关系。     

APP安装和使用研究文献综述

消费者行为的研究建立在广泛的理论基础上,它从各个学科中吸取概念和理论。在新媒体环境下,为与传统消费者行为研究具有较大的区别,涉及消费者的搜索行为和互动行为,信息的自生产和传受行为等方面,因而在新媒体背景下,研究关于APP安装和使用的理论基础不单单包括网络背景下的消费者行为研究本身,还包括消费动机,消费者偏好,消费者感知价值,消费者体验等多个和消费者行为研究互相影响的消费者研究分支领域。本文对以上部分的理论文献进行梳理,为之后的研究提供理论支持。     

女性消费者非计划性购买的情境分析

随着人们收入水平的提高以及商品同质化竞争的加剧,女性消费者非计划性购买行为的比例急剧上升,甚至超过了计划性购买,而购物时的情境设计是产生这一变化的重要影响因素。本文在给出非计划性购买概念的基础之上,从四个方面论述了情境的影响因素,分析研究了情境对女性非计划性购买的诱导和刺激作用,也研究了女性之所以会受到情境影响的心理原因。最后,进一步讨论了购物环境中情境对女性非计划性购买的影响带给商家的营销启示。     

情景效应理论下的关系人推荐效果研究

前人研究证实消费者购买行为大多数是冲动性的;行为决策理论证实情境效应对消费者购买行为产生重要影响。本研究通过问卷调查和网络志分析,发现关系人的推荐对消费者购买决策的影响显著。因此,本文建议网店要加大力度对关系人展开营销攻势,充分利用关系人的影响实现营销目标。     

浅谈购买情境对消费者心理与行为的影响

随着越来越激烈的市场竞争,影响消费者行为的因素越来越多,销售现场的商品店面,招牌,陈列,购物环境以及周边对消费者购买心理与行为的影响也越来越大。面对同样的营销刺激,同一个消费者在不同的情境下将作出不同的反应。本文就将针对购买者情境对消费者心理与行为的影响进行分析并通过举例来阐述一下自己的观点。     

消费者行为研究的社会科学视角与中国本土化研究的主题

多年来社会科学的许多理论和方法被用于研究消费者行为,其中阐述实证主义导向的社会科学理论和方法从外部思考消费者行为,阐释主义导向的社会科学理论和方法更多的是论述了对消费者行为"是什么"的问题,二者应该能够相辅相成。无论以哪种理论和方法进行研究,重要的是将消费者行为研究与中国消费者行为特色结合起来,在中国背景下检验西方理论和模型的适用性,提出符合中国国情的理论模型,开展针对中国情境的特定理论或知识研究。     

The impact of consumer decision‐making styles on consumer confusion in Mauritius: An empirical analysis

This article investigates the effects of consumer decision‐making styles on consumer confusion and harm. While consumer confusion has been well documented in the literature, this investigation attempts to bridge our understanding on its relationship with consumer decision‐making styles. Empirical data was collected from a field survey where 400 consumers selected at 20 supermarkets in Mauritius were asked to respond to a questionnaire measuring three variables under study: consumer confusion, consumer decision‐making styles, and situational factors. Findings from the MANOVA parametric test showed that there is a significant difference between consumer decision‐making styles and consumer confusion. Even when covariate situational factors were controlled through the parametric test MANCOVA, results still showed a significant difference between consumer decision‐making styles and consumer confusion. More specifically, ANCOVA tests showed that the findings were specifically significant for three types of confusion: product confusion, packaging confusion, and product complexity. The study tends to confirm that a consumer's style of decision making does impact on consumer confusion.     

A COMPARISON OF ACTUAL AND INTENDED CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO RETAIL STOCKOUTS

Studies of consumer response to stockouts typically capture intended behavior. After a stockout experience, consumers are asked what they intend to do. In contrast, this research measured both intended and actual behavior. Consumers were interviewed twice; once immediately following the stockout experience to gauge intended behavior and a second time 30 days later to ask what they had actually done in response to the stockout. Accordingly, the goals of this research are to (1) compare consumer actual and intended behavior in response to stockouts and (2) examine product characteristics, consumer characteristics and situational variables that may explain the consumer's response. Key results suggest that indicated behavior is a good indicator of actual behavior in situations where the consumer intends to quit the search and a rather poor indicator when the consumer intends to delay the search. Finally, of the several product characteristics, consumer characteristics and situational variables examined, store loyalty, pre‐visit agenda and product uniqueness have shown most promise to help managers understand consumer actual and intended response to stockouts.     

Street Markets Influencing Urban Consumer Behavior in Mexico

Street markets in the urban setting form the bottom of the pyramid market structure, which caters to consumers of semi-urban settlements. Consumers favor these markets for farm-fresh agricultural products and low-priced consumer goods. This study empirically investigates the role of street markets in urban sociodemographic clusters in the shift of consumer behavior against large shopping malls and supermarkets. Data were gathered from 490 respondents engaged in buying products at 373 vending stalls across 14 street market locations in Mexico City. Data were collected on 31 variables and analyzed using structural equation model. The study also addresses street markets as change agents of consumer behavior in the context of marketplace ambience, vending patterns, ethnic values, and interactive customer relations. The conventional shopping wisdom of customers, competitive gains, and socio-cultural advantages are also addressed based on an empirical survey. The study revealed that shopping behavior is largely motivated by the physical factors such as location of marketplace, distance, and vending stall type within the street market. Findings also indicate that consumers possess a strong conviction that street markets offer fresh products of farm and animal origin as well as ethnic food irrespective of hygiene standard.     

Can conscious consumption be learned? The role of Hungarian consumer protection education in becoming conscious consumers

The purpose of this research is to examine how consumer consciousness can be defined, along what dimensions it might be measured and, according to these dimensions, how conscious Hungarian university students are. In addition, it is also discussed how their consumer protection education might contribute to their consumer consciousness. Two hypotheses have been proposed concerning factors potentially affecting conscious consumer behaviour (gender; participation in consumer protection education). To test these hypotheses, a questionnaire survey has been conducted with a total of 280 respondents, whom are undergraduate students of a Hungarian university. It is found that different aspects of consciousness dominate the consumer decisions of females and males. Female respondents appear to be characterized more by hedonistic consumption but they are more price sensitive than males. Veblen effect is stronger for males, and they have greater trust in well‐known brands. Although the survey revealed that both research variables might affect consumer behaviour (not only gender but the participation in consumer protection education as well), the role of education cannot be unambiguously identified in the process of establishing consumer consciousness. On the one hand, the results show that the behaviour of ‘trained’ consumers is mainly characterized by price sensitiveness, while the other (‘non‐educated’) group is more reliant on marketing and brands. However, on the other hand, it might also be concluded that young adults participating in the survey already have their own consumer habits and preferences; therefore, their consumer behaviour is more difficult to be formed by means of education during their university years. These findings are nevertheless limited to Hungarian university students and cannot be generalized to the entire society or other countries.     

Consumers’ subjective and objective consumerism knowledge and subsequent complaint behaviour concerning consumer electronics: a South African perspective

Although there is immense international support for consumer protection, the notion exists that consumer protection can only exist in developed countries with ample fiscal resources and expertise to properly act in the interest of consumers. This conception leaves consumers in emerging and transitional economies in a difficult position as these economies indeed generally lack sufficient funding and the required capacity to educate consumers on their rights. With the South African Consumer Protection Act that came into effect in 2011, South African consumers can now claim to be among the best protected consumers in the world. However, many consumers are still not aware of their consumer rights, and do not have the necessary knowledge to pursue redress when they are dissatisfied. The objective of this research was therefore to explore and describe the relationship between consumers’ knowledge of consumerism (consumer protection) and their consumer complaint behaviour (CCB) concerning their dissatisfaction with a technologically advanced product, in this case, a consumer electronic product. This study attempts to differentiate between subjective consumerism knowledge and objective consumerism knowledge and by extension the measures used. In addition, we explored and described the relationship between demographic variables and levels of subjective and objective consumerism knowledge as well as the combined effect of the two types of knowledge on CCB. The findings revealed that the respondents had a reasonable level of subjective consumerism knowledge relative to a low level of objective consumerism knowledge. No significant relationship was found between subjective consumerism knowledge and demographic variables. However, the factors of race, gender and level of income were related to objective knowledge. A higher level of subjective knowledge could be associated with public action. Respondents with reasonable levels of objective knowledge were also better equipped to take private and public action. CHAID (Chi‐Square Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis highlighted that a combination of subjective and objective knowledge was the best predictor of taking public action only and of taking both private and public complaint action. The study has implications for policy makers, consumer protection organisations, retailers and the individual consumer. Our approach to measuring knowledge of consumerism could possibly be applied in other emerging contexts where consumers generally lack awareness of consumer protection.     

Price assessments by consumers: influence of purchase context and price structure

Among the numerous factors that influence decisions on prices, consumer behaviour has special significance. This paper reviews and analyses relevant studies conducted during the last few decades. On the basis of our analysis, four categories of factors that determine consumer behaviour have been identified. Additionally, we have developed an experimental research design to analyse the influence that the following factors have on price perception: price structure (i.e. price level, order of presentation and price differences), purchase context (i.e. reason for purchase or product use) and demographic characteristics (i.e. gender). Results reveal a significant influence of these variables on consumer behaviour.     

Forecasting Components of Consumption with Components of Consumer Sentiment

We present new evidence that existing, but long-ignored, measures of consumer sentiment can reduce errors in forecasting total consumption expenditures and its components. The component questions of the aggregate Index of Consumer Sentiment improve forecasts, not only of consumer expenditures on durables but also on non-durables and services. Empirical studies have historically focused on whether consumer sentiment improves one-quarterahead forecasts of consumer expenditures. In fact, we document that measures of consumer sentiment are especially predictive at the longer, four-quarter-ahead horizon. In addition, they typically contribute at least as much to one-quarter-ahead and four-quarter-ahead forecasts of consumption as do income and wealth variables. Out-ofsample forecasts for the 2000-2005 period further substantiate that measures of consumer sentiment can reduce consumption forecasting errors appreciably. JEL Classification C53,E21     

Predicting Future Buyer Behavior with Consumers' Confidence and Sentiment Indexes

Knowledge of consumer attitudes and expectations is an indispensable marketing tool and may be useful for predicting changes in consumer spending and saving patterns. However, most empirical research on the value of consumer confidence (sentiment) indexes for forecasting future buyer behavior has focused on the statistical correlation between these indexes and several measures of consumer spending and business activity. As Huth et al. (1994) correctly pointed out, a more appropriate approach is to focus on the direction of Granger-causality between these variables. Prior to testing for Granger-causality, we investigate the stationarity properties of alternative measures of these variables and we employ a flexible lag structure. Our empirical results support the use of these indexes to forecast business activity but not consumer purchases or overall economic activity.     

Consumers' Attitudes Toward Labelling of Ethical Products: The Case of Organic and Fair Trade Products

This article aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer attitudes to use labelling information in purchasing organic and Fair Trade products and to verify if labelling is a valid tool of direct shopping aid to consumers, with a view to derive inferences that may contribute to better strategic and tactical marketing decisions. A quantitative survey with a sample of 300 consumers living in south Italy was conducted to explore consumers' knowledge and attitudes toward labelling of organic and fair trade products. Data generated in this way were submitted to exploratory and segmentation analysis. The results indicate significant differences in consumer attitudes and behavior for ethical products and show the importance of new variables, other than demographics characteristics, that can influence the purchasing behavior and label information use.     

基于现代女性视角的消费行为研究

众所周知,当今世界女性消费者已经成为市场上的消费主力军,在购买活动中起着举足轻重的作用。女性的社会消费在当前的消费大潮中正在从温饱型消费向发展型、享受型消费发生着根本性变化。女性作为社会消费的一个特殊群体,有着不同于社会其他消费群体的消费心理和消费行为,其随着社会的发展而发生了重大变化,表现出更趋于个性化和高级化等多方面特点。在目前大部分市场处于饱和、竞争空前激烈的情况下,认真研究并探索现代女性独特消费心理特点以及消费行为的变化,能够为企业制定有效地营销策略,提供有益的建议,成为市场上最具潜力的竞争企业。