Preventing fires and explosions in pilot plants

While the magnitude of potential consequences might vary, most hazards encountered in pilot plant operations are the same as those experienced in full scale commercial facilities. For example, safeguarding hazardous chemicals storage and transfer, protecting reaction vessels against catastrophic failure or runaways, all require careful consideration regardless of scale. We, however, want to address some aspects of pilot plants which can introduce hazards unique or more common to their operation. To illustrate, we present some case histories from our own pilot plant experience in BASF's Chemical Engineering Department, and include a brief discussion of some corresponding safeguards to mitigate these situations.     

Preventing fires with high temperature vaporizers

In 1986 one of Du Pont's plants experienced a damaging fire in and around a vaporizer containing a high-temperature heat transfer medium (HTHTM). There were no injuries, but there was considerable property damage and lost production. A review of HTHTM history showed other plants and companies had experienced both damaging fires and incidents of severe damage to the vaporizer with no accompanying fire. This suggested a study in more depth than usually associated with one specific incident.     

自发过程定义及自发过程判据

过程自发性及其判据是物理化学热力学中的重点与难点内容,然而在不同教材中对自发过程的定义存在差异,自发过程判据的推导过程与判据应用条件导致对自发过程判据及其应用条件与吉布斯自由能、亥姆霍兹自由能的物理意义理解的困难.就自发过程的定义、自发过程判据进行了讨论.     

现浇混凝土外墙外保温有网体系的应用

高层民用建筑现浇混凝土外墙保温体系分有网体系与无网体系,其中有网体系是技术性较强的一种外墙外保温体系。介绍了有网体系的技术应用,以期让更多的工程技术人员认识它,从而更好地应用它。     

Recent developments in the analysis of fires,explosions, and production disruption incidents in chemical plants and oil refineries

Significant changes in computing power, regulatory climate, safety culture and globalization of business ventures have occurred since the original publication of MTI Publication No. 30, Guidelines for Assessing Fire and Explosion Damage. The implications of these changes are reviewed with regard to the work of investigators charged with the analysis of fires, explosions and major production disruption incidents in chemical processing plants and refineries. A review of advances in computer modeling of large-scale energy release events is presented. Storm damage assessment and the analysis of incidents involving sabotage are discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009     

严寒地区节能建筑外墙外保温施工方法优选

节能能源是我国的基本国策,建筑节能是我国节能工作的一个重要领域。严寒地区建筑物墙体节能是建筑节能的关键,而选择一种在严寒地区适用的墙体保温的施工方法显得尤为重要。文章将层次分析与模糊综合评判法引入到节能建筑外墙外保温施工方法优选中,在对节能建筑外墙保温要素分析的基础上,建立了施工方案优选的递阶层次结构,通过判断矩阵计算出层次总排序的权向量,并运用模糊综合评判模型优选出最佳方案。     

热重分析法研究煤的氧化自燃过程

本文对枣矿集团高庄煤业有限公司煤样进行热重法物理实验,将井下煤体的自燃氧化过程划分为失水失重阶段、氧化增重阶段、燃烧失重阶段三个阶段。根据实验结果,确定煤体的失水结束点温度以及着火温度,同时参照煤矿煤体自燃实验发现,4#煤层煤体着火点最低,属于易自燃煤层。     

维生素C二步发酵菌种自然选育的研究

采用自然选育菌种的方法 ,从维生素 C二步发酵的生产过程中选取了一些具有某些特性的样品 ,后又从中选得 5 6个菌系 ,最终筛得一混合菌系 2 0 1 -F,此菌系同正在使用的 1 5 2菌系相比较 ,摇瓶条件实验较之 72 h提早至 48h到达终点 (产酸速度快 ) ,且转化率提高 5 %左右。培养条件同 1 5 2菌系也有些差异 ,并且此菌种进行了 5代传代后 ,平板培养、种液培养、摇瓶发酵所表现的特性均可稳定遗传。     

由积碳引发的活塞式空压机自燃与爆炸问题探讨

引起活塞式空压机自燃和爆炸的原因很多,例如,空压机实际排气压力超过额定排气压力,加之机件疲劳、锈蚀等原因使机件强度降低可引起爆炸;空压机中的润滑油氧化后形成的裂解气及系统中残留的过量积碳,达到燃烧、爆炸的条件可引起自燃、爆炸。本文重点探讨由积碳引发的自燃与爆炸问题。     

灌浆灭火技术在神东矿区大面积采空区自燃火灾中的应用

本文应用同位素测氡法对神东大柳塔煤矿自燃火灾的火源位置进行了精确定位,采用地面打钻孔灌浆的方法,科学地选择灌浆材料和灌浆参数,在现场应用中取得了良好的灭火效果.     

我国新型增塑剂亟待开发

10月25日，国家质检总局发出公告：今后将禁止含有DEHA等不符合强制性国家标准规定的物质或氯乙烯单体含量超标的食品保鲜膜进口、出口。这是继今年5月、8月欧盟称中国出口的塑料玩具、套装自行车修理工具、管装橡胶溶液分别含有领苯二甲酸盐酯、苯等增塑剂超标，并据此在欧盟范围内对这些产品发出消费警告后，我国在国内范围对增塑剂产品的一次清理整顿。     

Portfolio assessment in practice in engineering

Summary A portfolio assessment scheme, introduced for one course in 1990 in the School of Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University is proving to be both a stimulus and support for change. The scheme is described and its impact discussed in terms of staff development, the student experience and curriculum development.     

Nutrition in socioeconomic planning in LDCs

Nutrition should be seen as an integral part of the national planning effort. The author examines longterm determinants of food consumption in developing countries and shows that progress in improving nutrition is closely related to raising productivity and efficiency in the national economy. Optimum programmes in nutrition should be part of the design of appropriate social and economic development. This should be done at national and regional levels, with particular emphasis on the regional level.     

十年巨变看舞阳

1997年5月，笔者受当时的冶金部部长刘淇的委托，带领扭亏调查组到舞阳钢铁公司（以下简称舞阳），参加企业扭亏工作。当时，舞阳已经连续4年严重亏损，虽然1995年6月，冶金部调整了舞阳的领导班子，生产经营形势有了一定好转，但并没能扭转亏损局面。1996年，全国工业企业超亿元的亏损大户共14个，冶金系统占了6个，舞阳就是其中之一。在调查工作的后期，刘淇部长也来到舞阳，听取了调查组的汇报，对舞阳下一步的工作提出了明确要求，并且宣布了部党组的决定，调邯钢总经理助理顾强圻为舞阳钢铁公司的副总经理，协助林承模总经理负责全面工作。同年9月，舞阳实行改制，并入邯钢集团，顾强圻出任舞阳的总经理。目前，顾强圻担任舞阳代理董事长、党委书记。