Analysis of diers venting tests: Validation of a tool for sizing emergency relief systems for runaway chemical reactions

A one-dimensional computer model of multiphase, chemically reacting flow has been used to analyze a number of DIERS Phase III venting tests.     

制热的新途径——液力冲击制热

文章介绍了一种国内外尚无先例的制热的新方法——液力冲击制热。并阐述了它的理论价值、经济意义、实用意义以及能容高的特点。还简要分析了冲击制热的工作原理及计算。     

Emergency relief vent sizing for fire emergencies involving liquid-filled atmospheric storage vessels

For large atmospheric vessels the potential occurrence of sufficient liquid swell resulting in two-phase flow is of special importance. Based upon an extension of analytical work it would appear justifiable to ignore two-phase flow effects for non-foamy systems.     

水利水电工程设计中技术管理要点分析

全国水利水电设计单位都设立有技术管理职能部门,如技术部、技术科等,担负单位内部设计的技术管理职责,保证单位专家组(如总工)对生产设计的技术把关顺利实现。技术管理是水利水电工程设计中质量保证环节,其运行集中在质量体系、标准化、设计过程和施工配合四方面。1技术管理与标准化理论上,标准是技术管理的依据和尺度。实际的技术管理在于对设计采用的技术标准、规程规范等名称汇成的所谓标准化清单,这也是质量体系内审、外审中重点要检查的内容。但是由于标准化本身不标准、缺乏体系使技术管理无法着力。其一,水利技术标准体系没有完全建…     

The bullwhip effect in capacitated supply chains with consideration for product life-cycle aspects

This paper presents an analysis of the bullwhip effect and net-stock amplification in a three-echelon supply chain considering step-changes in the production rates during a product's life-cycle demand. The analysis is focused around highly complex and engineered products (e.g., automobiles), that have relatively long production life-cycles and require significant capital investment in manufacturing. Using a simulation approach, we analyze three stages of the product life-cycle including low volumes during product introduction, peak demand, and eventual decline toward the end of the life-cycle. Parts of the simulation model have been adopted by a major North-American automotive OEM as part of a scenario analysis tool for strategic supply network design and analysis. The simulation results show that performance of a system as a whole deteriorates when there is a step-change in the life-cycle demand. While restriction in production capacity does not significantly impact the bullwhip effect, it increases the net stock amplification significantly for the supply chain setting under consideration. Furthermore, a number of important managerial insights are presented based on sensitivity analysis of interaction effect of capacity constraints with other supply chain parameters.     

扼住网络渠道的七寸

中国网购的热闹非凡,离不开网络经销商出钱出力。然而从2010年开始,强势厂家将电子商务列入议事日程,有的自建B2C平台,有的在淘宝商城开旗舰店,两端挤压之下,一批网络经销商纷纷折戟沙场。很多人甚为悲观,可谓“凄凄惨惨戚戚”。     

Financial aspects of motor carrier safety inspection performance

This paper investigates the empirical relationships between the safety performances and the financial conditions and management forms of a group of motor carriers. Unlike previous work, we utilize cash flow analyses and random, comprehensive roadside safety inspection results to measure financial status and safety performance, respectively, thus avoiding many criticisms of previous studies.Several probit models are specified and estimated by the method of moments technique. The results strongly suggest that firm financial status is an important predictor of firm safety performance, that closely-held firms exhibit substantially different behavior than other firms, that carriers respond to cargo-specific risks, and that some common safety inspection criteria seem to sensibly measure safety.     

中小型水利工程总监理工程师的工作要点

简述了监理人员进场前、施工过程中总监理工程师工作的重点,阐述了作者监理实践经验和体会,并提出了中小型水利工程监理制有效实施急需解决的几个问题。     

Some aspects of the present-value criterion in research planning

The classic analysis of a potato harvester by Grossfield and Heath is reworked. The present value of the benefits is shown to depend on the way capital costs are handled and on the way the benefits are identified. It is concluded that, by 1965, the harvester had not, in fact, yet generated positive benefits. Attention is drawn to the ambiguities of interpretation which can arise from the choices of discount rate and base year. Finally, some difficulties in extending the analysis to incorporate social effects are mentioned.     

Strategic and HRM aspects of kaizen: a case study

This article presents a case study of a kaizen in a UK diesel engine manufacturer. Kaizen is explained as an emergent strategy; its effective-ness in reducing costs is explained by its effects on the effort bargain and by the organisation of the work standardisation task. Kaizen–related changes, perceptions of the employees, and its effects of the competitive position of the firm are reviewed.     

The meeting place: Qualitative aspects of product environmental assessment

Quantitative methods for evaluating the environmental impact of products are receiving considerable attention. Software is being developed to enable analysis of many aspects of a product's life cycle—from materials' extraction, through manufacture, to use and disposal. Less attention is being paid to the qualitative aspects of products and their significance in addressing environmental concerns. Here, the argument is made for including qualitative evaluations as an important facet of product environment assessment. Such evaluations are essential if significant progress is to be made in alleviating the adverse environmental effects of products. Combined with quantitative analyses, the two approaches become mutually supportive and, ultimately, inseparable.Qualitative environmental assessments can be applied to existing products and at every stage of the design process. Their adoption within the context of professional practice will be fostered by their inclusion, formulation and discussion within design education. This paper describes the basis and nature of these qualitative judgments, and places the qualitative and quantitative in a unified context which points towards more sustainable ways of living. The use of scenarios is discussed as a tool for academic design projects in order to address the complex relationships which might otherwise seem overwhelming to the design student.