基于需求角度房地产价格影响因素的实证分析

本文从需求角度分析影响房价的各因素,包括经济发展水平、城镇化水平、城镇居民收入水平和通货膨胀等,并选取一系列房地产价格的影响指标在2001-2010年的十年数据,建立31个省市房价的多种面板数据模型。对不同模型间进行选择和比较,得出最佳模型为个体固定效应模型,力图揭示各选取因素是否能够对房地产价格产生显著影响,从而确定需求层面上房价的影响因素,以及得出相应建议。     

Spread of E-commerce,prices and inflation dynamics: Evidence from online price big data in Korea

The so-called Amazon effect is generally defined as such that the increasing competition in the online market and between online and traditional retailers is reducing retail markups and putting downward pressure on prices. This paper investigates the existence of the Amazon effect using online price big data in Korea where e-commerce has been rapidly spreading. For this task, the direct comparison between the online and offline prices were conducted in terms of the levels, trends, inflations, and dynamic correlations for two prices. Online prices for products were collected and classified under the identical classification in the CPI for 14 items in two divisions: food and non-alcoholic beverages and clothing and footwear. Laspeyres formula with identical weights as for the CPIs was applied to compilation of the item- and division-level OPIs (online price indexes) from July 2018 to June 2019. The empirical analyses overall indicated that persistent decreasing trends in the online prices were found when compared to those in the offline prices represented by the CPIs, indicating the existence of the Amazon effect in Korea. More specifically, the OPI covering two divisions decreased by 1.8%, while the CPI increased by 3.6% for the period. In addition, the close dynamic correlations between on-month inflations of two indexes were also found in panel regression and VAR estimations, indicating that a 1% increasing shock to OPI inflation led to an around 0.3% increasing response in the CPI inflation. The dynamic correlations, however, were quite different across the divisions. Those were more pronounced for the division of food and non-alcoholic beverages while they were found little in the division of clothing and footwear.     

外商在京津冀直接投资的诱因分析

近年来外商对京津冀地区的直接投资不断增长,本文选取1984～2003年这三个地区外商直接投资的历史数据,建立PanelDate模型,对京津冀地区吸引FDI的原因作了一个实证分析。分析表明,该地区的集聚效应、市场规模、基础设施水平、劳动力成本对外商直接投资均有显著的影响。     

北京农业标准化的现状、问题及对策

农业标准化直接关系到我国农业市场化、产业化、现代化的发展进程,是衡量传统农业向现代农业转变的显著标志。北京市经过多年的建设,农业标准化成绩不错,但也存在一些问题。因此,需要采取相应措施,扩大农业标准化的覆盖范围;采纳先进的国际标准,建立农业标准体系;加大农产品标准监测能力建设,提高农产品质量安全管理水平。     

从租客到铺东:清至民国城市店铺产权形态的演变

在性质上,“铺底权”与我们熟知的“田面权”相似,指的是在租赁过程中铺客投资于他人之土地及其建筑物上而生出之物权。但是,“铺底权”的内涵却远比“田面权”复杂,其主要包括以下三个核心要素:一是不动产铺房的永久租赁使用权;二是商铺装修与经营添置的动产,包括家具、设备、货物、门窗、牌匾等;三是商铺经营形成的无形资产,包括商业信誉、顾客群体、招牌字号等。在清代,铺底尚属民间的商业习惯,铺底的倒卖与转让无须向国家纳税,证明铺底之存在的关键凭证是一系列的民间交易契约。进入民国之后,在延续旧有习惯的基础,上,大理院、司法院的判例都对“铺底权”给予了正式承认,视其为一种具有效力的法律物权。然而,现代国家并不总是从“财政汲取”的立场来保护和维持“铺底权”,反而为了建立更为“清晰和简单”的产权治理体系,对此习惯物权采取了消极态度,不仅逐渐限制“铺底”的创设,而且还禁止铺底的买卖、租赁等市场行为。     

北京都市型现代农业发展的现状、困境与改革方向

对北京农业发展现状进行分析的结果显示,北京农业所占比重趋于下降,虽然各基础性产业质量效益保持稳定,但各类生产要素均出现不同程度的萎缩,农业生产发展形势严峻。在此基础上提出：在农业供给侧结构性改革与“调转节”的背景下,必须打破资源环境与体制机制约束,拓展生产性空间,加快培育新型农业经营主体与多元社会化服务主体,实现北京都市型现代农业可持续发展。     

发达国家居民住房租赁市场的经验及借鉴——以德国、日本、美国为例

成熟的住房租赁市场,不仅可以有效提高居民消费率,而且能够实现居民买房和租房的效用均衡,减缓房价上涨对宏观经济的冲击。本文分析总结了德国、美国、日本等主要发达国家居民住房租赁市场的发展和管制经验,并从法律保障、开拓房源、保护承租人利益、发放租金补贴等方面发展我国的住房租赁市场提出了政策建议。