对控制我国税收成本的研究

当前控制我国税收成本应正确处理两种关系:依法治税与税收成本控制的关系;征税成本与纳税成本、短期成本与长期成本的关系。控制税收成本应采取以下措施:加强税收法制建设;完善税制和征管模式;建立税收成本核算制度;改革人员考核机制。     

税收遵从成本对纳税遵从行为的影响

税收遵从成本和征管成本一同构成税收运行成本,是税收成本的重要组成部分。但由于税收遵从成本具有非显性的特征,往往被理论界及实践部门所忽视。本文借鉴国外税收遵从成本理论,分析了税收遵从成本对纳税遵从行为的影响,提出了优化我国税收制度、降低税收遵从成本的框架性建议。     

我国税收遵从成本规模估计

税收遵从成本作为税收成本的重要组成部分,既是税制合意水平的重要衡量指标,又是税制优化改革的重要目标。对我国遵从成本规模做出科学估测是进一步推动我国税制优化研究与实践的基础工作。本文通过检验遵从成本与其他税收成本的一般关系,借鉴国外对遵从成本的测量经验,得到我国遵从成本规模偏高的结论。     

税收成本与非税成本研究:回顾与展望

随着有效税务筹划理论的提出,国内外学者就税收成本、非税成本进行了一系列研究.但国内关于税收成本与非税成本的研究仍处于起步阶段,税收成本、非税成本的界定和计量问题尚未解决.归纳、梳理税收成本与非税成本研究文献,对我国税收成本与非税成本进行深入的理论探讨,有利于解决税与非税因素在经济决策中的协调问题,有助于开展有效的税务筹划.     

浅谈如何控制我国的税收成本

税收成本有广义和狭义之分。广义的税收成本是指征纳双方在征税和纳税过程中所付出的一切有形和无形代价的总和,具体包括征税成本和纳税成本及课税负效应三个部分。狭义的税收成本仅包括征税成本,即税务部门在行使征税权、组织税收收入过程中所花费的各种直接成本和间接成本。当前,以尽可能小的征收费用追求税收效率的最大化,不仅是衡量税收工作的重要标准,也是提高我国税收管理水平、深化税制改革的重大课题之一。     

浅谈纳税成本

随着我国税收收入的不断增长,税收成本过高的问题逐渐浮出水面,已经严重影响了我国财政收入中可用财力的增长幅度。现代管理必须认真研究成本、努力降低成本、不断提高效益。税收成本可分为征税成本和纳税成本,本文主要对纳税成本的相关影响因素及其解决途径作一阐述,旨在努力降低纳税成本,以实现纳税人经济效益最大化。     

浅论税收服从成本

税收成本通常分为三类：经济成本、管理成本和服从成本（compliance costs)。长期以来，人们对税收的经济成本和管理成本进行了细致入微的研究，这方面的资料可谓汗牛充栋。但是，税收服从成本研究却严重滞后。究其原因，大致有：（1）税收服从成本被认为是无足轻重的，认为税收管理成本和纳税成本占总运行成本的比例为90％：10％。（2）没有完整精确的模型可以计量税收服从成本。（3）税收服从成本计量需要搜集大量数据，而这些数据在官方出版物中又是找不到的。随着20世纪80、90年代轰轰烈烈的纳税人权利运动的兴起，不少发达国家纷 纷制订《纳税人权利宪章》，税收服从成本作为影响纳税人权利的重要因素，已开始受到各国税务当局和专家学的广泛关注。     

国外税收遵从成本研究述评

税收遵从成本的效应和特征表明:政府的税收决策必须有利于降低纳税人特别是广大中小企业和个人纳税人的遵从成本,或者至少不会增加其遵从成本。同国际上对税收遵从成本的研究相比,我国至今在这方面的研究还处于起步阶段。     

论企业税收成本的构成及节约途径

随着社会主义市场经济在我国逐步确立,经济成份多样化,经营方式社会化,国家与企业间的关系由先前的行政管理关系转化为税收征管关系,企业税收成本在现代经济管理和现代财务管理中日益显示其突出地位。所以,笔者认为,每个纳税人都有必要对其税收成本进行研究,以利企业在市场竞争中处于有利地位。一、企业税收成本的概念企业税收成本同其他成本一样,是商品经济的价值范畴,是商品价值的重要组成部分。它是企业为了获得某项资产或达到一定的经济目的而付出的以货币测定的价值牺牲。它的形成既可以通过直接牺牲一项资产来实现（如用银行存款交税…     

不同生命周期阶段的上市公司税收筹划行为研究

有效税收筹划不仅要降低企业的税收成本,还要努力降低税收筹划的非税成本。非税成本因其隐蔽性、间接性而容易被忽视,因而可能使税收筹划的成本（损失）大于其收益。非税成本的形成原因较多、其构成也比较复杂。文章选取沪深A股2008-2012年期间的4974家上市公司作为研究对象,运用多元线性回归模型检验了不同生命周期阶段的上市公司如何在税收节约与非税成本之间进行权衡。经验证据显示,处于成长期和衰退期的上市公司更倾向于采用积极的税收筹划行为,而处于成熟期的上市公司更倾向于采取较为保守稳健的税收筹划行为。结论为企业制定投资策略,监管机制完善管理提供了较好的理论基础。     

基于交易成本模型的中国税收授权立法研究

税收授权立法在我国税收法律体系中占据主导性地位。改革开放以来,税收授权立法对经济建设、社会发展做出了巨大贡献,同时也存在诸多问题,产生了一系列危害。通过构建我国税收授权立法交易成本模型,发现授权立法可降低立法成本,所引发的代理成本问题可由立法者的干预来解决。因此,我国应保留税收授权立法,并对其加强监督和约束。     

反避税调查目标的实现过程

税收总收入最大和反避税收益最大不一致,税收总成本收益最大和反避税调查成本收益最大也不一致。反避税调查应以税收总成本收益最大为目标,以总成本收益情况作为考核反避税调查部门工作的指标。     

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Thailand Taxpayer Survey

We investigate whether more resources should be devoted to a Thai tax enforcement program which is aimed at bringing small businesses into the tax system. We show that the appropriate criteria for determining whether more resources should be devoted to tax enforcement is whether the Atkinson–Stern condition for the optimal provision of a publicly-provided good is satisfied, or equivalently, whether the marginal cost of finds obtained through additional tax enforcement, SMCF_p, is less than the marginal cost of funds obtained through raising tax rates, SMCF_t. In our base case scenario, the SMCF_p is 11.60 which exceeds our estimate of the SMCF_t for an across-the-board increase in income tax rates on wage earners. The use of pro-poor distributional weights makes expanding the survey less attractive if the alternative way of obtaining additional tax revenue is an across-the-board income tax rate increase, while aversion to tax evasion makes it more attractive.     

Cost Uncertainty and Taxpayer Compliance

The existence of a private cost borne by audited taxpayers affects the tax enforcement policy. This is so because tax auditors will face now two sources of uncertainty, namely, the typical one associated with taxpayers’ income and that associated with the taxpayers’ idiosyncratic attitude towards tax compliance. Moreover, the inspection policy can be exposed to some randomness from the taxpayers’ viewpoint due to the uncertainty about the audit cost borne by the tax authority. In this paper we provide an unified framework to analyze the effects of all these sources of uncertainty in a model of tax compliance with strategic interaction between auditors and taxpayers. We show that more variance in the distribution of the taxpayers’ private cost of evading raises both tax compliance and the ex-ante welfare of taxpayers. The effects of the uncertainty about the audit cost faced by the tax authority are generally ambiguous. We also discuss the implications of our model for the regressive (or progressive) bias of the effective tax system.     

降低税收遵从成本的理论与实践

本文对现代西方税收遵从成本理论的发展进行了简要的介绍,概述了美国、澳大利亚降低税收遵从成本的实践,并对如何降低我国的税收遵从成本提出了建议。     

Taxation, Uncertainty, and the Cost of Equity

Traditionally the pre-tax cost of capital is a function of the interest rate and the tax system. However, uncertainty implies that the market's required return is no single interest rate, but depends on risk. Different tax systems split risk differently between firm and government. Thus the required expected return after corporate taxes depends on the tax system. Expressions for this are derived, based on a CAPM-type model. The weighted average cost of capital is decreasing in the tax rate, even for fully equity financed projects. This effect can be substantial, but is neglected in much of the literature.     

The Marginal Cost of Funds and the Shadow Prices of Public Sector Inputs and Outputs

Existing studies on the marginal cost of funds (MCF) do not incorporate the public sector inputs explicitly. Incorporating labor and capital as public sector inputs raises questions concerning the definition and the usage of the MCF, and its relation to public sector shadow prices. This paper finds that the MCF should be defined based on the excess revenue rather than the gross revenue; that general equilibrium effects on individuals' net income and government's inframarginal expenditures should be incorporated; and that the MCF measures an element in the shadow price that is solely attributable to the marginal financing, justifying the role of the MCF in cost-benefit analysis and tax reform.