贸易收支顺差现状及成因

2001年中国加入世界贸易组织后,我国的国际贸易进入新时代,与国外的贸易成交额不断扩大,成为贸易大国,同时也带动了经济的快速增长。由于产品内分工、成本优势等原因,我国的贸易收支一直处于顺差,并且近几年有顺差扩大的趋势。持续的贸易收支顺差也将对经济的健康增长造成不利的影响。本文通过对贸易收支顺差的现状进行分析,探究贸易收支顺差的原因,并提出解决贸易收支顺差的对策。     

欧洲能源危机对我国贸易及收支的影响研究

受俄罗斯减少天然气供应影响，欧洲出现能源危机，并对中欧贸易产生较大影响。为了解欧洲能源危机对中欧贸易及收支的影响情况，山东分局开展了相关调研。研究发现：短期内，能源危机导致我国对欧洲出口增加，并带动收支顺差扩大；长期来看，贸易结构调整和欧洲产业链转移将是带动我国对欧洲长期收支规模增加和顺差扩大的主要因素。     

人民币实际有效汇率与中俄贸易收支实证研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文根据协整理论,利用季度经济数据对中俄贸易收支与人民币实际有效汇率、中国国内实际收入、俄罗斯国内实际收入的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,中俄贸易收支与人民币汇率之间不存在因果关系;人民币实际有效汇率对中俄贸易收支总体上不存在J曲线效应;中俄贸易收支具有较小的国内收入弹性和较大的国外收入弹性;中国在人民币升值的情况下还可以保持对俄贸易收支顺差的深层次原因是中国出口商品结构的优化。本文还分析了当前全球金融危机对中俄贸易产生的影响,并就此提出政策建议。     

如何认识经常项目顺差的扩大

如果对我国历年经常项目收支的变化情况进行分析，可以看到2005年的顺差增加额达到历史最高水平。经常项目收支由货物贸易、服务贸易、收益、经常转移等四个部分构成，2005年这四部分的变化均对经常项目顺差迅速扩大产生了推动作用，但货物贸易顺差增加是最主要原因。     

外汇贷款增加还意味着什么

上半年焦作市外贸进出口顺差770万美元，而同期外汇管理部门统计的贸易结售汇顺差3144万美元，相当于同期进出口顺差的4倍多，结售汇顺收大干进出口顺差2374万美元。那么，这种情况是否就意味着贸易项下外汇收支异常，大量的非法资金跨境流动呢？     

浅谈分权与市场经济条件下的财政体制

本先就市场经济条件下进行适当的财政分权的理论依据进行了论述，随后对集权的理论依据也进行了论述。本指出，当前，对于我国财政体制的完善来说，并不是简单的分权问题，而应在规范政府收支的同时，根据政府职能的实现来理顺集权与分权的关系。     

人民币实际汇率对我国贸易收支影响的实证分析

本文采用Johansen协整技术和1994年以来的季度数据分别对人民币实际汇率 如何影响我国贸易收支及中美双边贸易收支作了实证分析。通过分析发现,人民币实际汇率 升值能够缓解我国贸易收支和中美双边贸易收支顺差,但后者的影响程度较高。     

中国双顺差、对外资产积累及其调整

中国国际收支的持续“双顺差”和对外资产积累 与其他绝大多数发展中国家一样，中国也曾经长期苦于外汇缺口、资本缺口对经济发展的约束，承受着国际收支逆差的压力。历史上，自从清朝中期外国走私商大规模向中国贩卖鸦片以来，逆差就是中国贸易收支的常态。1891～1956年间，中国贸易收支只有11年顺差，其余55年均为逆差，这46年累计逆差总额50．267亿美元，占同期我国进口总额（197．252亿美元）的15％。直到20世纪80年代，中国贸易收支总体上仍然呈现逆差格局。1980～1989年间，中国除两年之外均为逆差，收支相抵累计逆差442．9亿美元。相应地，中国外汇储备资产一直很少。1950年末，我国外汇储备不过1．57亿美元；直到1981年末之前，我国外汇储备从未达到10亿美元，1950～1980年间甚至有11年年末外汇储备不足1亿美元。     

欧美开征碳关税对我国贸易收支的影响研究

2021年欧美陆续推出“碳关税”计划,对减排力度不足国家出口欧美的商品将按其碳排放量征税,此举对我国的贸易收支将会产生影响。经研究发现:短期内碳关税对我国的贸易收支顺差影响不大,但我国经常项目收支顺差行业中涉及多种高碳经济成分,如大规模征收碳关税将影响我国出口竞争力。     

从两个角度分析中国国际收支格局

1994年外汇体制改革和汇率调整以来，中国国际收支出现连续多年的“双顺差”局面，即经常账户收支和资本账户收支同时顺差。这种情形在国际经验中并不多见。如何认识这种现象并探讨未来时期中国国际收支平衡的走向是一个重要问题。本文从两个角度来分析中国近年来国际收支的顺差情况，并认为这种局面的确“反映了经济快速发展与结构调整滞后之间的矛盾”。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.