Displacing Informality: Rights and Legitimacy in Belo Horizonte,Brazil

This article compares two cases of displacement suffered by informal workers and informal residents in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte, both connected to the hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It asks the following question: considering that the right to work and the right to housing are both enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution, why do claims upon space based on those constitutional rights have different degrees of legitimacy? Two cases are analysed in detail. The first one concerns a group of informal workers displaced from their workspace for the modernization of the local stadium. The second one tells the story of an informal settlement where 90 families were displaced due to the construction of a flyover designed to improve access to the football stadium. This article engages with current postcolonial debates around urban informality, tackling two points that have been absent from these discussions. First, it compares two ways of informally occupying urban space—for work and for housing—revealing the distinct degrees of legitimacy embedded in such practices due to pre‐existing institutional arrangements. Second, it emphasizes the connection between work and home through the life strategies and place‐making practices of the urban poor.     

从南非世界杯看中国元素的国际化发展

南非世界杯已经圆满落幕,但是那些在世界杯闪耀的中国元素仍然吸引着全世界的目光。呜呜祖拉、普天同庆、中国英利、哈尔滨啤酒等一系列中国元素弥补了中国队缺席世界杯的遗憾,同时昭示着中国元素的国际化发展。然而,中国元素的世界杯之旅也暴露出诸多问题,优势与弊端并存,机遇与挑战并进,唯有明确意识,深入分析,努力创新,中国元素才不至于成为过眼云烟。     

2010年南非世界杯对中国足球的启示

2010年南非世界杯已经落下帷幕,但32强的表现令我们回味,尤其是亚洲球队的表现更是令人称赞。通过总结南非世界杯比赛,提出世界足球的发展趋势,分析中国足球的现状,提出对中国足球发展的建议和可行措施。     

Sectoral labour market effects of the 2006 FIFA World Cup

Using the case of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, this study is the first to test the employment effects of a mega-sporting event on the basis of data that combines both regional and sectoral data. It is also the first study of sporting events to use a semi-parametric test method. Earlier studies on the World Cup could hardly identify any employment effects. In contrast, we find a small but significant positive employment effect on the hospitality sector.     

中国女足与世界女足强队防守技战术分析研究

运用录像分析与统计方法,通过对第五届女足世界杯赛中中国女足与世界强队防守技战术能力的比较,发现中国国家女足在防守技术、战术及心理等的各项指标上与世界强队有一定的差距,引起中国女足在防守技战术方面的重视,为提高中国女足在比赛中的作战能力提供理论依据。     

中国女足与世界女足强队技战术风格比较研究

随着世界女子足球的不断发展,特点不鲜明的球队是难以在发展越来越快、竞争越来越激烈的世界足坛有立足之地。通过对女子足球最重要的赛事一世界杯部分比赛的录像观察和数据的统计分析,把中国女足与第五届女足世界杯前三名球队的技战术风格特点进行比较,以探讨我国女足的技战术风格现状。     

Urban Climatology Applied to Urban Planning: A Postwar Knowledge Circulation Failure

The article discusses an instance of knowledge that failed to circulate — the application of urban climatology in town planning. This field of applied science was systematized in German‐speaking universities and cities and remains most firmly established in North‐Central Europe. In the decades after the second world war successive commissions and study groups of the World Meteorological Organization, the International Federation of Housing and Planning, the Confédération Internationale du Bâtiment and the International Society for Biometeorology sought to spread awareness of climatological factors among planners and architects worldwide. The article examines the organizations and individuals involved in this campaign, describes their meetings, publications and outreach, and assesses the disappointing impact. The legacy of this failure is considered in the context of present‐day interest in planning for carbon mitigation and climate‐change adaptation.     

Market impact of international sporting and cultural events

We study market reaction to the announcements of the selected country hosting the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, the World Football Cup, the European Football Cup and World and Specialized Exhibitions. We generalize previous results analyzing a large number and different types of mega-events, evaluate the effects for winning and losing countries, investigate the determinants of the observed market reaction and control for the ex ante probability of a country being a successful bidder. Average abnormal returns measured at the announcement date and around the event are not significantly different from zero. Further, we find no evidence supporting that industries, that a priori were more likely to extract direct benefits from the event, observe positive significant effects. Yet, when we control for anticipation, the stock price reactions around the announcements are significant.     

Employment effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany

This study demonstrates that the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany was not able to generate any medium to long-term employment effects that were significantly different from zero. It is the first work to examine the employment effects of Football World Cup tournaments. It is also the first work to undertake a multivariate analysis of the employment effects of a major sporting event outside of the USA. In addition, this study does not arbitrarily determine the time period for the potential positive effects of a major sporting event but instead examines several alternative periods. Furthermore, the study tests for method sensitivity by analysing the data set in parallel with the approaches used in the studies of sporting events in the USA as well as in a fourth modifying estimation approach. In contrast to the conclusions reached in comparable studies, the results are not regarded as a clear refutation of the positive effects of major sporting events.     

The Economic Effects of the Soccer World Cup 2006 in Germany with Regard to Different Financing

This paper presents some results using the sport-economic simulation model SPORT. This model is based on a sport-specific input-output table for the year 1993, which has been integrated into the German INFORGE model. The performance of this model founded on the INFORUM philosophy. The results illustrate the importance of modelling sport-economic activities in deep detail, especially the integration of the system of national accounts. In addition, the results also show that it is possible to calculate the macroeconomic effects of the soccer World Cup, which may perhaps be hosted by Germany in 2006, with regard to the different financing of necessary extensions of public sports infrasfructure. Under favourable conditions-independent of the type of financing of these necessary investments-the staging of the soccer World Cup positively influences income and employment. Such calculations allow the decision-maker to estimate the opportunity costs of their decisions and can be the basis for an extended cost-benefit analysis.     

Marktorientiertes Sportmanagement: Empirische Analyse des Einflusses der Marketinginstrumente auf die Markenstärke eines Sportevents

During the last two decades, sponsorship as a management and marketing tool has grown remarkably. This enormous economic potential, e.g. in form of sponsoring packages, makes it necessary for the organizers of sporting events to implement a systematic marketing strategy. The present study therefore attempts to measure the effectiveness of the marketing of sporting events using brand equity as an indicator. The theoretical modeling of the brand equity and the empirical examination are case-specifically conducted for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany. The elements of the marketing mix are used as drivers of the brand equity. The empirical examination identifies the product of the World Cup 2006 as the most effective driver of brand equity. Based on these results implications for the management are developed.     

Bayesian clustering with priors on partitions

Traditional clustering algorithms are deterministic in the sense that a given dataset always leads to the same output partition. This article modifies traditional clustering algorithms whereby data are associated with a probability model, and clustering is carried out on the stochastic model parameters rather than the data. This is done in a principled way using a Bayesian approach which allows the assignment of posterior probabilities to output partitions. In addition, the approach incorporates prior knowledge of the output partitions using Bayesian melding. The methodology is applied to two substantive problems: (i) a question of stylometry involving a simulated dataset and (ii) the assessment of potential champions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.     

第17-19届世界杯足球赛进球数量与时段的统计与分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法和对比分析法,对第17—19届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段453个进球的主要特征进行统计分析和比较。揭示在当今高水平足球比赛中进球的数量与时段的规律和特征以及发展的趋势。     

高尔夫球场果岭球速影响因素的分析

高尔夫球场果岭球速是衡量一个球场好与坏的重要指标,很多高尔夫球场草坪管理者也在想尽办法去改善果岭球速,本文从果岭的修剪、果岭浇水,果岭施肥、草种选择、季节变化、中耕作业、铺沙和滚压等养护措施入手,阐述了影响果岭球速的因素。     

‘Post‐Third‐World City' or Neoliberal ‘City of Exception'? Rio de Janeiro in the Olympic Era

This article considers processes of urban development within the context of mega‐event preparations in Rio de Janeiro. We begin with a brief overview of these development processes, highlighting their connections to political and economic change in recent years. Proponents of these mega‐event‐led initiatives argue that Rio is undergoing a period of inclusive growth and integration: a perspective we call here a ‘post‐Third‐World city' narrative of urban renewal. Critics, however, contend that urban officials are harnessing mega‐events (e.g. the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games) to push forward a neoliberal agenda of socially unjust policies benefiting the interests of capital and marginalizing the city's poor and especially its favelas (i.e. the ‘city‐of‐exception' thesis). In this article we explore the insights of these two perspectives and consider why they have grown popular in recent years. Though we side generally with the city‐of‐exception thesis, we argue that important geographic and historical particularities must also be accounted for. Without carefully situating analytical perspectives empirically—in particular, cases in which theoretical models are drawn from European and North American contexts—urban researchers risk concealing more than they reveal in analyses of rapidly developing countries like Brazil.     

第19届世界杯足球赛进球手段及方式的研究

对第19届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段32支球队64场比赛的145个进球特征进行统计与分析,结果表明:下半场进球数高于上半场,全场比赛结束前15 min是全场比赛进球最高峰;进球前通过传接配合是进球数最多的技、战术手段;进球方式是以脚射为主,其中,抢点直接射进球数最多。     

阿迪达斯的快速反击战

一年前,西班牙队（阿迪达斯赞助）成为历史上第八个世界杯冠军,此时欢呼胜利的,不仅有西班牙人,还有来自德国的在阿迪达斯总部工作的员工们——虽然德国队彼时刚被西班牙淘汰出局。     

The Associate Life Legacy Program: the ultimate gift from employees

St. Vincent Hospital Foundation introduced a program whereby employees can leave a legacy without cost to them. To date the program has generated nearly $26 million in pledges.     

中外优秀1500m自由泳运动员参赛速度分配模式的研究

1500m自由泳是游泳比赛中距离最长的项目,运动员的参赛速度分配模式对最终成绩有重要意义。通过对三大中、外赛事男子1500m自由泳决赛运动员参赛各分段成绩的收集、分析,在揭示优秀1500m自由泳运动员参赛速度分配模式的同时,探寻中外运动员参赛配速模式的差异。研究发现中外运动员参赛速度分配模式存在一定差异:中国运动员参赛速配模式为前快后慢的1-3型;世界优秀运动员则普遍为前慢后快的3-2型。     

谈体育场馆电气设计

根据现代体育场馆的特点，文章对现代化体育场馆的供配电方案及相关国家现行规范作了介绍和探讨。