低温环境对LED照明装置影响的分析

本文分析了低温环境对LED照明装置的影响。     

CSI住宅的居住适应性研究

本文总结了我国传统集合住宅的缺点,指出住宅必须具有适应性,从而引出对CSI住宅适应性的讨论,并以CSI住宅样板间明日之家二号为例对CSI住宅的适应性做出较为详细的论述.     

试论绿色照明的重要性及照明节能的方式

阐述了绿色照明的重要性,并介绍了照明节能的各种方式,其中比较重点地介绍了智能照明控制系统在民用建筑中的应用。     

解析室内居住环境的灯光设计

居住环境的灯光设计是人类进行实用照明、制造生活氛围、提高生活品味的角色,如何科学地选择灯具、布置光源是协调居室环境设计的主要因素,灯光设计也成为环境设计元素中不可缺少的一个重要部分。     

浅谈住宅照明用电

随着我国社会经济的发展。人民生活水平的极大提高,每户家庭住宅面积的扩大,各类家用电器逐渐增多,特别是空调、大荧屏彩电等大功率电器进入普通家庭,使住宅设计由原来纯照明向多功能的方向发展。     

浅析住宅建筑设计与居住环境设计

改革开放以来，中国住宅建设从一开始对量的追求逐渐过渡到对质的追求，人们对住宅的使用功能、舒适度及环境质量更为关心。本文对住宅建设设计如何适应这一要求作以探讨。     

关于对城市道路照明节能的讨论

本文结合了作者多年的工作和实践经验从道路照明设计、道路照明灯具的选择、道路照明控制等方面寻找道路照明节能的有效方法     

关于对城市道路照明节能的讨论

本文结合了作者多年的工作和实践经验从道路照明设计、道路照明灯具的选择、道路照明控制等方面寻找道路照明节能的有效方法     

浅谈城市景观照明的表现形式

本文主要从城市景观照明是整个城市的组成部分,就是用灯光重塑城市景观的夜间形象,它是一个城市社会进步、经济发展的风貌特征的重要体现。     

The estimation of the impact of residential zoning on land values

Assuming that residential zoning places an upper limit on the ratio of capital to land, an appropriate econometric technique is suggested to estimate the effect of zoning on land välues.     

经济学的时间及其革命

时间是人类认识世界的一种基本方式,人类时间观的改变不可避免地影响着人们对经济世界的认知。人类时间概念内涵的变化体现在经济理论发展的不同阶段中。本文阐述了人类时间概念演化史,分析了内涵不同的时间观在经济学理论建构中的地位和作用,以及时间观现代变革对经济学当前发展的意义。     

The impact of inheritances on the retirement behavior of older Europeans

The aim of this paper is to study how wealth affects retirement behavior. I use data from the 2004–2012 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, covering 10 European countries. Inheritances are used as an exogenous change in wealth to estimate the causal effect of wealth/inheritance receipt on retirement. I apply binary choice models for a sample of persons working in 2004/05 to estimate the effect of inheritance receipt during 2005–2011 on the probability of retirement in 2011/12. By comparing data on expected retirement age at the beginning of the sample period with actual retirement age I am able to control for unobserved factors that might be correlated with wealth and affect retirement decisions. The main findings are: (1) Inheritance receipt is quite common for individuals nearing retirement age (50+). About 20 % of the sample aged 50 and older in 2011/12 live in households that received at least one inheritance between 2005 and 2011. (2) Inheritance receipt significantly increases the probability of retirement and the effect increases with the size of the inheritance. (3) In contrast to what life-cycle theory suggests I do not find any evidence that expected and unexpected inheritances affect adjustments of planned retirement age differently. These results are important for assessing the effect of policies that induce changes in wealth, such as pension reforms, tax reforms or reforms of Social Security, on retirement behavior.     

The impact of issuing warrant and debt on behavior of the firm's stock

Unlike options, warrant issuance changes the distribution of the stock price process. Indeed, firms issuing warrants are also debt financed. In this situation, it is natural to consider the distribution of the stock price process for a firm, which is debt–warrant combination. This paper is devoted to provide a risk-management tool, namely the stock price distribution of a firm issuing both debt and warrants. We also apply the theoretical results to the risk-management. Moreover, some empirical studies are given to illustrate the impact of issuing warrants and debt on the stock price distribution. The empirical evidence confirms the theoretical findings and shows that issuing warrants and debt has effects on the distribution of stock price processes.     

关于国际经济与贸易对环境的影响探究

国际经济与贸易的快速发展,有效推进了国内经济的健康发展,但同时也为国内环境带来了诸多不利影响。究其原因,主要是一些地方政府和企业为了获取更多的经济利益而盲目追求外贸发展,却忽略了环境保护,因此出现了很多环境污染问题,从而导致生态环境失衡,对人们的生存环境产生了负面影响。所以,有必要采取有效措施,及时化解并预防环境污染问题。基于此,本文在分析了国际经济与贸易对国内环境带来的影响基础上,提出了相应的措施。     

云南苗族地区生态环境透视

苗族是云南25个少数民族之一。从目前的状况看,云南苗族(下称苗族)的经济社会发展水平比较低,很多苗族地区的人均经济收入还不到400元,人均粮食也达不到400公斤,有相当一部分苗族还生活在温饱线以下。这不能不引起我们的高度重视。我们在考察苗族的经济社会发展过程时不难发现,苗族经济社会发展之所以滞后,除了历史、政治、文化因素外,自然环境的影响也是不可低估的因素。苗族人民的分布及其自然环境苗族人民原先生活在长江中下游地区,许多历史文献对古代苗族人民的生活区域都有记载。苗族迁到云南,是在战国时期。大约在公元前339年至329年…     

The impact of recall periods on reported morbidity and health seeking behavior

Between 2000 and 2002, we followed 1621 individuals in Delhi, India using a combination of weekly and monthly-recall health questionnaires. In 2008, we augmented these data with another 8 weeks of surveys during which households were experimentally allocated to surveys with different recall periods in the second half of the survey. We show that the length of the recall period had a large impact on reported morbidity, doctor visits; time spent sick; whether at least one day of work/school was lost due to sickness and; the reported use of self-medication. The effects are more pronounced among the poor than the rich. In one example, differential recall effects across income groups reverse the sign of the gradient between doctor visits and per-capita expenditures such that the poor use health care providers more than the rich in the weekly recall surveys but less in monthly recall surveys. We hypothesize that illnesses – especially among the poor – are no longer perceived as “extraordinary events” but have become part of “normal” life. We discuss the implications of these results for health survey methodology, and the economic interpretation of sickness in poor populations.     

The impact of information-based interventions on conservation behavior: A meta-analysis

Interest in using information-based interventions to induce energy and water conservation has increased in recent years but have shown mixed evidence of their effectiveness. This paper seeks to answer two main questions - whether these programs are broadly effective in inducing conservation, and what are the most effective versions of these programs. Using a meta-analysis of 116 studies, we examine the effects of information-based interventions on residential customers' consumption of electricity, gas, and water. We find evidence of publication bias in this literature. After correcting for publication bias, meta-analysis results indicate that information-based interventions reduce consumption by an average of 6.24%, 95% CI [-10.72, -1.76]. In addition, we find that studies employing RCTs find smaller conservation effects, (-5.2%, 95% CI [−9.53, −0.51]). Our results show that the effectiveness of information-based interventions at the household level are significantly larger than those at the aggregate level (such as dorms and buildings). Finally, interventions with a shorter duration or with more frequent reporting show larger estimated effect sizes.     

The impact of state economic differentials on household welfare and labor force behavior

This paper calculates state-specific income expectations for low-income households, using a simultaneous model of household labor force and welfare participation decisions. A variety of simulations indicate the interlocking effects of existing state differences in welfare, wages and taxes on work/welfare choices and income. Significant differences among similar households in different states occur. Equalization of welfare benefits eliminates some but not all of these differences, but generates potentially serious policy problems for the states.     

Perseverance of perverse subsidies and their impact on trade and environment

Theoretical and empirical aspects of policy failures due to subsidies are discussed in the context of international trade. A general classification of subsidies that cause environmental externalities is presented. The economic and environmental impacts of producer subsidies on international trade are examined with partial equilibrium analysis. The magnitude and economic and environmental relevance of subsidies in various sectors is assessed on the basis of empirical indicators. Finally, suggestions are provided on how subsidy-related policy failures can be eliminated at national and international levels.