高管股权激励 、约束机制与对外直接投资速率

对外直接投资速率是企业国际化过程中面临的重要决策 ,但并未引起学术界的广泛重视.文章从公司治理的视角剖析了企业对外直接投资速率的决策驱动机制,并基于2004-2013年中国上市公司在全球范围内的对外直接投资数据 ,探讨了高管股权激励对于对外直接投资速率的影响以及高管所面临的内外部约束机制对两者关系的调节作用.实证结果显示:(1)股权激励总体上使得高管倾向于选择快速扩张的投资策略;(2)内部约束机制会强化高管股权激励与对外直接投资速率之间的正向关系;(3)外部约束机制会弱化高管股权激励与企业对外直接投资速率之间的正向关系.进一步研究发现:在民营企业内部 ,高管股权激励对于加快企业投资的激励效果以及外部约束机制的调节作用更加明显;而无论是民营企业还是国有企业 ,内部约束机制的调节作用均十分显著.文章为如何充分调动企业高管积极性和主动性去实施"走出去"战略以及抓住国际化机遇提供了借鉴.     

Measuring the Pace of Technological Progress: Implications for Technological Forecasting

The pace of technological progress is a construct that has evolved from technological change theories. Although the construct is well described, it lacks a valid objective measure. Measuring the pace of technological progress is believed to be important for both technology management and technology forecasting. A newly-developed objective measure of the pace of technological progress called the Technology Cycle Time indicator (TCT) is evaluated. The TCT indicator was used in two comparison analyses: (1) assessing the pace of progress of superconductor and semiconductor technologies; and (2) assessing the position of various countries patenting in the semiconductor technology field. The TCT assessments were then analytically compared with specialist assessments found in the literature. The findings revealed that the TCT provided a valid assessment in each situation. The TCT has important implications for technology management and technology forecasting research.     

The Role of Government Assistance in Structural Change in Manufacturing: Australian Evidence

By the 1970s the Australian manufacturing sector was, by OECD standards, small, fragmented and inward looking. Successive Australian Federal Governments have since responded by progressively reducing levels of assistance to manufacturing in an effort to promote structural change. In this article we investigate whether these lower levels of assistance have accelerated the pace of structural change by estimating an empirical model using a pooled cross-section time-series data set. Our results suggest that reduced levels of assistance to manufacturing have had a positive impact on the pace of structural change in the Australian manufacturing sector. In addition, we find that taxes on factor inputs can be expected to impede structural change, and it would appear that structural change proceeds at a faster pace in more specialised manufacturing sectors.     

煤炭企业国际化战略研究

随着全球化步伐的不断加快,我国煤炭企业正面临着日益严峻的国际竞争压力和国内产业政策的双重约束,为实现可持续发展,煤炭企业一方面要通过产业结构的优化和升级,加强对能源原材料的投资和开发利用,减少资源消耗,走煤炭综合高效和集约化发展道路;另一方面煤炭企业必须加快国际化的战略步伐,以全球视野谋划企业发展,寻求新的经济增长点,拓宽企业发展空间,提高企业的国际和国内市场竞争能力,使企业不断发展壮大。     

对一个生态经济疑难律的破译

在产品加工过程中,随着加工层次的增多,产品所保留的能量也随之降低,而其成本价格却随之升高。从加工所耗费的能源看,随着加工层次的增多,成本价格也随之增加。这两条曲线的交汇点即是适度价值量增殖与能量节约之间的均衡律。它在实际生产中可确定商品的合适价格,并保存尽可能多的能量。     

利益集团博弈分析——当前我国汇率改革的一个新视角

当前我国汇率问题有两个难点:人民币汇率制度改革和人民币升值路径快慢的选择,利益集团之间的博弈是其中关键的影响因素。目前的人民币汇率改革和人民币升值路径快慢是维护旧制度的利益主体和用新制度挑战旧制度的利益主体及政府之间的一种博弈。作者从利益格局变化的角度构建一个非完全信息动态博弈模型,主张我国汇率制度的改革以及人民币升值路径快慢要考虑不同利益主体的覆盖人数、改革过程中相关利益主体的成本收益以及政府在此过程中的主导性作用。     

期刊编辑的“与时俱进”研究

与时俱进,不仅是党执政兴国的要务,也是开展各项工作必须具备的要求。期刊编辑要坚持与时俱进思想,并将其运用于工作实践中。应做到下面几点：始终把握期刊改革和发展的脉搏,顺应期刊改革潮流,敢于求新求变,了解读者需求,做好期刊读者细分;努力办出期刊特色,应具备策划意识、读者意识、品牌意识、开放意识,应不断加强理论创新和实践创新。     

Industry estimates of the elasticity of substitution and the rate of biased technological change between skilled and unskilled labour

We estimate the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour and the pace of skill-biased technological change at the industry level. The data is compiled from the March extract of the Current Population Survey (CPS) from 1968 to 2006. Industry information provided by the survey is used to group workers into 13 industry categories and education levels are used to dichotomize workers as skilled or unskilled. We construct measures of the ratio of skilled to unskilled employment and the ratio of skilled to unskilled wages in each industry. Using a relationship implied by profit maximizing behaviour on the part of representative firms, this data generates estimates of structural parameters. We find considerable differences across industries in the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour. Furthermore, while most industries have experienced skill-biased technological change, the pace of this change has varied widely across industries.     

Measuring the Diffusion of Technologies Through International Trade

International Advances in Economic Research - Technological advancements affect economic growth, income distribution and levels of unemployment. However, quantifying the pace of technological...     

The pace of fiscal consolidations,fiscal sustainability,and welfare: An overlapping generations approach

This study investigates expenditure- and tax-based consolidations under the rule of reductions in debt-to-GDP ratios to the target level and the effects of these consolidations on fiscal sustainability and welfare, using an overlapping generations model with exogenous growth settings. We derive (i) a threshold (ceiling) of public debt to ensure fiscal sustainability, (ii) sustainable paces of these consolidations, and (iii) the optimal pace of consolidations under both expenditure- and tax-based consolidations, examining whether these consolidations are effective in the sense that they are sustainable, increase welfare, and induce fairness of welfare distribution across generations (lower intergenerational conflicts over welfare). We find that the pace of tax-based consolidation required to ensure fiscal sustainability is higher than that required for expenditure-based consolidation. As for welfare, countries may differ in their choice of the type of consolidation, which depends on the size of outstanding debts relative to capital, the economy’s productivity, tax rate levels, and the extent of utility derived by individuals from public goods and services. More importantly, it may also depend on whether policymakers emphasize social welfare or fairness of welfare distribution between generations. By contrast, a common result from the viewpoints of both social welfare and fair distribution of welfare across generations is that fiscal consolidation cannot persist much longer than 30 years (one period in the model). This result will support the pace of consolidation in the EU: the Stability and Growth Pact.     

Pace of work and piece rates

Using cross-industry survey data, I examine how the determinants of the pace of work affect the probability of using piece rates. Internal determinants raise the likelihood of piece rates, while response to external needs lowers the probability.     

中外基础研究创新团队资助管理机制比较研究

科技创新需要基础研究引领与支撑，提振基础研究是新时期国家创新行动的重点，国家在创新驱动发展战略层面，越来越重视基础研究发展及创新人才与团队培养。选取中国、日本、德国与加拿大基础研究创新团队的典型项目——“创新研究群体项目”、“世界一流国际研究中心资助项目”、“合作研究与培训经历项目”、“中心和重大资助项目”与“合作研究中心项目”，从目标定位、申请方式、资助对象、资助年限、资助金额、团队规模、管理办法、考核方式等资助管理机制的诸多方面展开比较分析，借鉴国外经验，获得体制机制调整与变革启示，并提出相应的政策建议。     

Structural change: Pace,patterns and determinants

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of structural change in the world economy. The analysis relies on a newly constructed dataset comprising 169 countries and covering the period from 1991 to 2013. Shapley decompositions are employed to evaluate the pace and pattern of structural change across regions and sub‐regions. Country‐level estimates are then used to conduct an original empirical exercise on the determinants of structural change. The results suggest that labor reallocations (structural change) have played a critical role in enhancing economic performance since the early 2000s, even if they remain comparatively less important than within‐sector productivity improvements. The widespread reallocation of labor from agriculture to the services sectors has been the key driver of structural change. Finally, we find robust evidence that the pace of structural change is significantly shaped by human and physical capital. The policy implication is that investments in education and economic infrastructure are crucial to accelerating structural change.     

运用SWOT分析和确定煤炭企业发展战略

煤炭企业是我国基础工业的重要组成部分,国民经济的发展需要煤炭工业的可持续发展。运用SWOT(企业环境分析)分析方法,从战略研究角度对煤炭企业进行调查,分析煤炭企业面临的机会与威胁,存在的比较优势和劣势,依据战略管理理论确定河南煤炭重点企业的中心多元化发展战略。     

Property rights in land and output growth in Russia

This paper tests whether the implementation of a key market‐oriented reform in post‐Soviet Russia, property rights in land, proxied by the percent of privatized land by region, affected the pace of sub‐national economic growth during two unprecedented expansion periods: 2001–2008 and 2010–2014. Individuals gained the Constitutional right to own land in 1993, but implementation was stalled. The pace of land privatization can be explained by arguably exogenous factors such as distance to Moscow, as well as climate and also regional political culture, proxied by concentration of votes in the 2004 presidential election. We show that this rate of land privatization in Russia's regions was significantly associated with output growth in 2010–2014, confirming the policy importance of this measure for developing economies. Regions where private holdings expanded most rapidly with the enforcement of property rights in land, gained a competitive advantage in the growth process through increased investment in fixed assets and private consumption.     

Trends and Inequalities of Rural Welfare in China: Evidence from Rural Households in Guangdong and Sichuan

This paper studies the trend of Chinese rural welfare and its inequality in the second half of the 1980's using rural household survey data of Guangdong and Sichuan. In this connection, different indicators of economic well-being are used. Compared with other transitional economies, rural inequality in China increased moderately in the second half of the 1980's. In spite of a more rapid pace of transition, Guangdong's rural inequality did not increase. No monotonic relationship between the pace of transition and rural inequality is thus discernible. Finally, by decomposing overall rural inequality into its between-region and within-region inequalities, we explore the relative importance of inter-provincial inequality.J. Comp. Econom.,December 1998, 26(4), pp. 783–804. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.     

风电产业对张家口经济发展的影响

风电产业在张家口的快速发展必然要促进其经济结构的调整。文章针对这一情况,就如何调整战略以跟上时代的发展步伐,提出了建议。     

试论中国城市化进程中的社会保障制度

推进城市化进程是我国经济转型和社会转轨期间的一个重大举措，关系到我国经济社会健康稳定和可持续发展。能否处理好因城市化而带来的农村、农业和农民问题，关系到城市化的进程和成功与否。在这其间，建立城乡统一的社会保障制度是关键。     

探微与解读——英语短信语言中的“去元音化”

在作为一种交流形式的英语短信语言中，人们为了加快言语交流的节奏，大量使用“去元音化”（源于网络语言的修辞术）这种手段来缩减字符数，减少延迟。所谓“去元音化”就是打破传统的语法规则，删除英语单词中的元音字母，重新构词，但这并不是简单、随意地将单词中的所有元音字母都去除，而是根据元音字母在词中的位置和读音决定。同时，在使用多种缩略手段时，优先谐音缩略后，再“去元音化”。当然，运用“去元音化”方法也有着自身无法克服的缺陷，其中的一些语标指代并非唯一，可能会引起误解。因此，如何在缩减字符数与认知之间找到平衡，是有效使用英语短信语言“去元音化”要进一步探索的课题。     

关于推进我国新型工业化进程的思考

面对全球性金融危机,我国的经济发展和经济结构受到挑战。但是,金融危机也给我们带来了很好的机遇,如何加快经济转型升级的步伐,推进新型工业化的进程,发展和实施有中国特色的新型工业化道路,这是我们当前唯一的选择。