WTO《政府采购协议》框架下我国政府采购制度的完善

政府采购制度在西方发达国家已广泛应用。在我国,该制度的建立对于提高财政支出效益,增强国家财政的宏观调控能力具有重要意义。本文通过对WTO《政府采购协议》与我国政府采购制度差异的分析,就如何进一步完善我国政府采购制度提出了建议。     

合适成年人到场制度浅析

合适成年人到场制度源于英国的少年司法程序,它是刑事司法领域维护人权的一项重要制度。我国新刑事诉讼法正式确立了合适成年人到场制度。对于保护未成年人合法权益具有积极意义,同时也对检察机关的刑事诉讼活动产生一系列影响。因此。如何准确地理解和适用该制度并作出积极应对。对于指导未成年人刑事检察工作具有重要的现实意义。     

风险投资组织模式的比较及启示

风险投资是发展高科技产业的必备条件,在风险投资制度中,企业组织模式设置的恰当与否是该制度有效发挥作用的关键,风险投资组织模式的比较对于我国借鉴发达国家的成功经验,构建中国特色的风险投资制度具有十分重要的意义.     

我国古代中央政务管理体制的变迁规律及其现代启示

我国中央政务管理体制的变迁经历了夏商周奴隶社会到封建社会漫长的历程,历史是厚重的,是民族的记忆与财富。我国古代中央政务管理体制变迁作为我国古代制度史中的重要组成部分对于我国当前社会主义政治体制改革有着重大的借鉴与启迪。为此,运用政治社会学和制度史的学科视角以及制度分析、历史分析等方法对该问题进行透视,以探讨我国古代中央政务管理体制的变迁规律及其现代启示。     

浅议我国善意取得制度的发展现状

善意取得制度是我国民事法律体系中重要的物权制度规定,是适应商品交换的需要而产生的一项法律制度,对于维护我国市场经济秩序的稳定发展具有十分重要的意义。我国现行民事法律体系对于善意取得制度散见于各门类法律规定之中,更好地完善善意取得制度体系对于加强我国社会主义民主法制建设具有十分重要的作用。     

实现现代企业内部会计制度的建设

我国现行企业内部会计制度研究的是在我国目前的经济体制下，建设企业内部会计制度的知识和实现手段。现代企业内部会计制度对于一个公司提高管理效率、促进企业向前发展起着至关重要的作用，因此越来越多的企业决策者加强对该制度的关注程度。综合种种因素，揭示现代企业内部会计制度的现状、认识该制度建设的重要性、分析其应该信守哪些原则和存在的问题以及如何实现现代企业内部会计制度的建设就显得愈加重要。     

我国证券市场融资融券业务及其风险控制

开展融资融券业务是一个国家证券市场发展成熟的重要标志之一,是我国证券市场国际化的必然要求.融资融券制度能够促进市场的价格发现,为市场提供双向盈利的模式,是整个市场运行的稳定器,因此该制度对于我国证券市场的发展具有划时代的意义.然而我国的证券市场还不成熟,融资融券制度本身具有很强的风险性,如何对融资融券风险进行合理控制,成为一个紧迫而现实的问题.     

行政诉讼举证责任探析

行政诉讼举证责任制度是行政诉讼证据制度的核心 ,这一制度对于行政诉讼的后果产生决定性的作用。完善我国的行政诉讼举证责任制度 ,对于促进我国行政诉讼证据制度理论研究的发展 ,从而保障行政诉讼的公平、公正 ,具有十分重要的意义     

关于我国创业板市场引入做市商制度的冷思考

西方发达国家的理论及实践表明,做市商制度对于资本市场大宗交易和不活跃交易流动性具有明显的促进作用。鉴于此,我国不少学者认为应在我国创业板市场开设之初,就采纳做市商交易制度。文章结合经济学理论,通过对我国资本市场交易制度选择相关约束条件的分析,得出了现阶段暂不宜采用该制度的初步结论。     

构建我国善意取得制度的立法思考

一、构建我国善意取得制度的立法依据 善意取得制度,是物权法的一项极其重要的制度.该制度顺应商品经济发展的客观需要而产生,对于保护善意取得财产受让人利益,促进交易的繁荣与安全,有着非常重要的意义,故广为各国立法所采用.     

South African social security under apartheid and beyond 1

Under apartheid, the trappings of a welfare state for whites were created. Over time, social security was gradually extended to other groups, and recently social assistance benefits were equalised. This left South Africa with high social security levels for a middle‐income developing country. However, the social security system still largely reflects the historical needs of vulnerable white groups under apartheid, among whom unemployment was minimal, given their preferential access to jobs and education. Thus the social security system now has inadequate provision for the most vulnerable, the unemployed. In contrast, four out of five pensioners receive a means‐tested social pension — a major poverty‐alleviating factor in rural black communities. This article analyses the social security system against the backdrop of apartheid and the more recent democratisation, and assesses its major deficiencies, the forces acting for its expansion and the binding fiscal constraint.     

社会组织与农村贫困主体消除的多元化

贫困所描述的现象是由于制度缺失而导致的诸多社会现象中的一种。消除贫困是摆在中国政府面前的一项艰巨任务。我国目前农村贫困现象非常严重。政府一直是消除农村贫困的唯一主体。由于其自身所具备的特点,身处国家体制外社会组织参与扶贫对于缓解和消灭农村贫困现象,提高农村贫困救助的效率,实现农村贫困救助主体的多元化有良好的促进作用。     

社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用：文献述评与研究展望

近年来,社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用逐渐成为发展经济学家关注的一个热点。本文分别从静态和动态两个视角综述了相关研究的思路和方法：从静态视角来看,信任对于减少绝对贫困有积极的作用,但某些形式的社会资本难以减轻绝对贫困,关于社会资本是否能减轻相对贫困则尚未取得一致的认识;从动态视角来看,社会资本通过非正式保险的机制平滑消费、减轻暂时贫困,通过促进融资和创业、保护产权、促进公共品提供和劳动力流动,有助于消除长期贫困。总的来看,随着市场化进程的深入,社会资本反贫困的积极作用有减弱的趋势。本文基于理论评述,提出了深化社会资本的减贫理论机制（尤其是对相对贫困的作用机制）、市场化进程中的社会资本反贫困机制、改进社会资本测量、加强因果效应识别等未来的研究方向。     

How social security policies and economic transformation affect poverty and inequality: Lessons for South Africa

This article examines how various characteristics of social and economic policy frameworks affect poverty and inequality levels in developing countries, principally in Botswana and Mauritius. The research findings suggest that poverty and inequality are lower in countries with generous and broad-based – rather than pro-poor – social security policies, and where social policies are complemented by economic policies promoting economic transformation rather than mere economic growth. While South Africa's challenges of combating poverty and inequality are shaped by its own historical context, the lessons from other countries offer the opportunity to reflect on the social consequences of various social and economic policy mixtures. In particular, it may be worth considering how to bridge the divide between the economically productive contributors to social security policies and the economically marginalised beneficiaries of such policies.     

发展、分配对反贫困的影响:2002—2010

文章通过分解FGT贫困指数,模拟出2002-2010年中国的经济发展和收入分配各自对反贫困的贡献率。实证结果发现,当前以发展促减贫的开发式扶贫政策依然有效,但是收入分配恶化却拖累了发展带来的减贫成效,且对反贫困的影响越来越大。必须及时调整反贫困战略,通过改善收入再分配让贫困人群分享改革发展的成果。     

Social security for young people amidst high poverty and unemployment: Some policy options for South Africa

South African youth experience extremely high levels of unemployment and poverty. Currently there is no social assistance for low-income young adults in South Africa unless they are disabled. Interventions are needed that can achieve widespread poverty alleviation, as well as help facilitate economic participation to improve lifelong earnings. In this article, six examples of social security policy options are considered, including five grants ranging from an unconditional non-means-tested grant for young people to a conditional grant for young people in training or education, plus an ‘Opportunities voucher’ that is administered through the social security system but paid out to organisations offering youth education or work opportunities. Using a tax and benefit microsimulation model to simulate the five grants, we estimate the potential numbers reached and cost, as well as the impact of these six options on poverty.     

A comparison of poverty in South Africa's nine provinces

Poverty in South Africa varies greatly across the nine provinces. An accurate estimation of relative poverty shares is important because they serve as key indices for targeting social expenditure. In this article we test the robustness of provincial poverty rankings against changes in measurement methodology. In recent years, a large body of international literature has developed concerning the choice of an appropriate poverty line and the construction of more appropriate poverty measures. This article uses two of these recent developments ‐ the concept of a poverty critical range in place of a single poverty line and distribution‐sensitive decomposable poverty measures — to re‐examine provincial poverty. Results are checked across two recent national data sets.     

The case for social security in South Africa: An economic perspective

Sound economic arguments exist for social security in a market system, since it can promote efficiency and equity. Furthermore, social security can reduce the risks of economic insecurities caused by unemployment, poverty and the new international economic environment to individuals and society. For a developing country, South Africa has a relatively well-developed social security system. However, it cannot address all the needs without major fiscal adjustments. The most viable approach may be to target only the most vulnerable groups, although such an approach may be criticised from an equity perspective. An important limitation of the South African social security system is that many unemployed individuals go without coverage, which may contribute towards instability. It may be necessary to revisit public works programmes in conjunction with the private sector.     

What India Can Learn from China and Vice Versa

A partial convergence of the Indian and Chinese growth models is likely. Judging from China's experience, sustaining India's impressive economic performance of recent years will require a significant further opening of its economy (externally and internally), higher savings and investments, especially in physical infrastructure and social services, and stronger labor absorption in the modern sectors. The base of India's current economic boom - software, IT-related services and high-end manufacturing - is narrow compared to China's. Poor performance in agriculture is responsible for still significant poverty in many parts of rural India. Bilateral India-China ties, including trade and investment, are increasing rapidly and could help to bring about the structural economic changes India needs. Through its exports to China, India is becoming linked to global supply chains centered on China. The notion that India-China relations are, or are bound to become, fundamentally antagonistic, held by many in the USA, is mistaken and potentially dangerous.     

Remittances,social security,and the crowding-out effect: Evidence from Vietnam

In the absence of adequate social security systems, many people in developing countries, especially the poor and vulnerable, cope through migration-related remittances. However, when remittances, internal or international, provide social benefits similar to public transfers they may overlap: ‘crowding-out’ effects occur. Employing three long-sample Vietnam Household Living Standard surveys undertaken during the 2000s, this paper studies the crowding-out effects of remittances in Vietnam, a developing country that has experienced a soaring inflow of remittances since 2000. Significant crowding-out effects for both domestic and international remittances on income are found below the poverty line in Vietnam, consistent with an altruistic motive. Beyond this, transfer derivatives are positive and statistically significant in both areas, suggesting a switch of motives from altruism to exchange at the poverty line. The substituting relationship between public transfers and remittances observed for the rural poor reveals key challenges to delivering an equal and efficient social security system in the country.