Measuring the under-diversification of socially responsible investments

This article proposes a straightforward measure of the residual unsystematic risk that a selective portfolio investment strategy, such as socially responsible investment, eventually bears. The model is empirically employed in order to analyse whether the MSCI socially responsible indices bear significant levels of volatility that could be diversified by not imposing social screenings to the set of eligible investments. The study finds that a low but not negligible part of the volatility of the returns could be diversified by not restricting the investment to socially responsible companies. Implications for the socially responsible investing industry and socially responsible investors are discussed.     

分析师的估值模型会影响评级的信息含量吗?

本文基于2014—2018年发布的沪深两市A股上市公司深度研究报告,考察了分析师报告中关于估值方法的描述,探究分析师估值模型的选择是否会对其投资意见的信息含量产生影响。研究发现,分析师采用绝对估值模型能够提高评级调整的市场反应,具有一定的增量价值。进一步分组检验发现,在公司成长性较高、不确定性较大、券商实力较弱、分析师之间的竞争程度较高的情况下,使用绝对估值模型对于提高分析师评级调整的信息含量作用更大。本文的研究结论对于理解分析师估值过程的价值和有效性以及分析师研究报告信息含量的影响因素具有重要意义,并为投资者如何使用和评价分析师研究报告提供了一定的参考。     

Analyst following and pay-performance sensitivity: evidence from China

We examine whether analyst following is associated with pay-performance sensitivity in China. Based on our analyses of 17,020 Chinese firm-years from 2007 to 2015, we find that pay-performance sensitivity is higher when companies are followed by financial analysts. We also find that the analyst following/pay-performance sensitivity relationship is stronger for non-state-owned enterprises (SOEs) than for SOEs. Overall, our results indicate that companies followed by financial analysts exhibit more pay-performance-sensitivity, which is consistent the notion that financial analysts can serve an external monitoring role.     

分析师预测信息来源的新发现:会计师事务所

文章通过检验券商与公司聘任同一家会计师事务所对券商旗下分析师预测行为的影响,研究了证券分析师的预测信息是否可能来源于会计师事务所.研究发现:(1)分析师更愿意跟踪与所属券商聘任同一家会计师事务所的上市公司,对其发布的盈余预测更准确,也更倾向于额外发布现金流预测.(2)券商与公司从非同聘会计师事务所变更为同聘会计师事务所,其分析师预测的准确性提高,反之则降低.分析师对与所属券商聘任同一家会计师事务所的公司在年报披露前最后一次盈余预测的准确性有更大幅度的提高.(3)同聘会计师事务所对预测准确性的促进作用集中在分析师跟踪少和收入变化大的公司以及非明星分析师发布的预测.文章的研究有助于理解同聘会计师事务所对分析师预测行为的影响,也有助于资本市场上的投资者更好地利用同聘会计师事务所的券商旗下分析师发布的预测报告,拓展了分析师预测信息来源的研究.     

企业社会责任披露质量对投资者交易行为的影响研究——基于对我国上市公司的经验分析

笔者从投资者交易行为视角,以2010年年报披露期内发布社会责任报告的384家上市公司为样本,检验了企业社会责任披露质量对买卖价差、换手率以及股票收益波动率的影响后发现:企业社会责任披露质量越高,买卖价差越低,而且投资者比较重视社会责任披露的整体性和内容性质量;企业社会责任信息披露质量、整体性质量、内容性质量以及技术性质量均与股票换手率呈显著正相关.     

Fund Portfolio Holdings and Affiliated Analyst's Objectivity: Do Equity and Employment Relationship Matter?

The author investigates how the equity relationship between fund company and brokerage firm as well as employment relationship between analyst and brokerage firm affect affiliated fund stock portfolio holding and the affiliated analyst's objectivity. By using the specific data of such equity and employment relationship, the author finds that equity and employment relationship do matter in fund portfolio holdings and analyst objectivity. Specifically, analysts tend to release more optimal ratings on stocks that have been hold by the funds, and the funds tend to significantly reduce the stocks in their portfolio once the analysts have announced high ratings on the stocks. Moreover, the analysts in employment relationships with majority shareholders of funds and with a low reputation reveal worse objectivity. In addition, from the point of abnormal return, analysts in employment relationships with majority shareholders of funds and with a low reputation damage the interests of common investors.     

股票网络平台中的噪音会影响股价同步性吗

股价同步性是衡量资本市场信息效率的重要指标。股价同步性的影响机制一直以来都是金融研究的热点问题。本文使用文本分析的方法,通过机器学习度量了东方财富股吧中股民发帖评论中的非理性噪音,检验了股票网络平台中的噪音与股价同步性之间的关系。研究发现：第一,股票网络平台中的噪音会促使投资者做出非理性的投资决策,进而降低股价变动的同步性。噪音评论占全部评论的比例越高,上市公司的股价同步性越低,而且两者之间呈现倒U型的非线性关系。第二,公司个股新闻与公告数量的增加、分析师关注度的提高与外部审计质量的提升,均可以减弱股票网络平台中的噪音对股价同步性的影响。本文关注网络新媒体中的噪音对股价同步性的影响,研究结论对于监管部门加强网络信息监测以及上市公司进一步完善信息披露渠道具有现实意义。     

Modeling volatility and conditional correlations between socially responsible investments,gold and oil

Socially responsible investing (SRI) is one of the fastest growing areas of investing. While there is a considerable literature comparing SRI to various benchmarks, very little is known about the volatility dynamics of socially responsible investing. In this paper, multivariate GARCH models are used to model volatilities and conditional correlations between a stock price index comprised of socially responsible companies, oil prices, and gold prices. The dynamic conditional correlation model is found to fit the data the best and used to generate dynamic conditional correlations, hedge ratios and optimal portfolio weights. From a risk management perspective, SRI offers very similar results in terms of dynamic conditional correlations, hedge ratios, and optimal portfolio weights as investing in the S&P 500. For example, SRI investors can expect to pay a similar amount to hedge their investment with oil or gold as investors in the S&P 500 would pay. These results can help investors and portfolio managers make more informed investment decisions.     

信息不对称、分析师关注度与增发折价

以2006—2010年间实施新股增发的我国沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究分析师关注度对增发折价的影响。研究发现:分析师关注度较高的上市公司具有较低的投资者间估值分歧和增发折价;分析师能力和盈余预测分歧对增发折价没有显著影响;分析师关注度的提高给分析师能力强的公司带来的增发折价降低幅度大于给分析师能力不强的公司带来的效果。     

Religion and returns in Europe

Drawing on social identity and social impact theory, this paper is the first to investigate the impact of religious preferences on share prices and expected returns at the country level. Using data from 12 European countries, our findings suggest that religion has a significant effect on the share price of companies whose activities are considered unethical, i.e., tobacco manufacturers and alcohol producers. The share price of these companies (called sin stocks) is depressed when they are located in a predominantly Protestant environment (relative to a Catholic environment). With investors in Protestant countries being more sin averse than in Catholic countries, they insist upon higher expected returns on sin stocks. Conversely, religious preferences do not have the same impact on the performance of other companies, e.g. socially responsible companies. Our results are robust to various methodologies and controlling for several firm-specific, industry-specific and country-specific characteristics.     

政商关系、分析师预测与股价同步性——基于腐败官员落马的准自然实验

关系型交易会影响分析师的信息传递效率,进而对企业的信息环境产生影响.文章基于腐败官员落马这一准自然实验对上述假说进行了检验.文章以2005?2011年与24位省部级以上落马高官有关联的企业为样本,研究了政商关系的外生变化对分析师行为和企业信息环境的影响.文章基于双重差分模型,发现腐败官员落马后,与之关联企业的分析师预测准确性提高,预测分歧度降低,分析师跟踪数量增加,企业股价同步性降低.进一步检验发现,在官员落马影响关联企业股价同步性的过程中,分析师发挥了中介作用.可见,反腐能够降低分析师获取信息的门槛,提高分析师传递信息的效率,进而改善企业信息环境.     

社会地位会影响企业融资约束吗?——来自A股民营上市公司的经验证据

本文从企业的社会性对经济性行为影响的视角研究社会地位对民营企业融资约束的影响。以2009—2018年沪深A股民营上市公司为研究样本,研究发现社会地位越高的企业面临的融资约束程度越小。将企业所在地区的市场化程度以及企业高管的金融背景纳入考虑之后,研究发现相比于市场化程度较高的地区,在市场化程度较低地区,社会地位缓解企业融资约束的效果更为显著;相较于拥有金融关联的企业,没有金融关联的企业提升社会地位更有利于缓解融资约束。且进一步研究发现,在市场化程度较低地区,没有金融关联的企业社会地位缓解融资约束的效果最为显著。这些结论不仅拓展了企业“社会属性”对其“经济性”行为的影响研究,而且能够为民营企业缓解融资约束提供有益借鉴,尤其是处在市场化程度不高地区,且不存在金融关联的民营企业。     

Security analyst firm reputation and investors’ response to forecasted stocks in the biotechnology sector

ABSTRACT

Stock analyst reputation bridges the gap between technical knowledge of the high-technology and the investor's response to its stock, implying that the reputation of the stand-alone analyst serves this purpose. However, global firms have a stronger influence on their stock analysts than do small firms with 2 personnel. Does firm reputation affect the individual analyst and attract investor attention to forecasted stocks? Evidence from SAFs (security analyst firms) in the biotechnology sector supports this question and proposition. Four moderators (interactive predictors of organisational reputation) show positive correlations. They are the SAF's age, size, performance, and media coverage. These organisational level measures contribute to the institutional theory compared to the literature that focuses on the individual analyst without their organisations. In line with institutional theory, we make three explicit points. First, high uncertainty in the biotechnology sector turns investors to the organisational legitimacy and reputation of the analyst. Second, the organisational age, size, performance and media coverage of the security firm reduces uncertainty of the investor in the biotechnology sector. Third, the reputation of security firm flow to its individual analysts as well as from the individual analyst to the security firm. Thus, the organisational context matters in a social setting.     

证券分析师评级报告的投资价值研究——来自香港股市的经验证据

伴随着证券市场的产生和繁荣,证券分析师队伍也日益壮大并日趋专业。以港股为例,通过跟踪经纪行数百名分析师自2003年以来对香港上市公司的评级结果,以及重点考察不同评级结果投资组合的收益率情况后,发现尽管分析师的专业判断具有显著的投资价值,并以此确定投资标的或重点研究跟踪对象具有良好的可操作性。但由于其评级结果具有较为明显的实效性,对市场的影响力也会发生变化,因此需要时刻密切注意分析师的最新评级成果并及时更新。     

Prior investment outcomes and stock investment in defined contribution plans

In this study, we employ the 2001–2013 Survey of Consumer Finances to examine how prior investment outcomes affect portfolio allocation in defined contribution (DC) plans. Results show that investors with prior gains are more likely to invest all DC plan assets in stocks. Factors such as risk tolerance and investment horizon positively affect investors’ tendency to allocate all DC assets to stocks. These findings have important implications for investors, researchers and financial professionals.     

Conformism and public news

We study a model where investment decisions are based on investor’s information about the unknown and endogenous return of the investment. The information of investors consists of endogenously determined messages sold by financial analysts who have access to both public and private information on the return. We assume that the return is increasing in the aggregate investment. This results into a beauty contest among analysts (or a “conformism” effect). There may exist multiple equilibria, each of which entails analysts sending the most informative messages possible. Beyond the “regular” equilibrium involving an overweighing of the public information, multiplicity introduces “inverted” equilibria where public information is negatively correlated with the return. The correlation across analysts’ information sources implies that not all the information available is transmitted to investors.     

中央企业的社会责任与财务管理目标探讨

企业承担社会责任与实现财务目标具有紧密的联系,企业在实现财务目标的同时,也应履行相应的社会责任,这对提升公司价值是有益处的。第一部分首先探讨了企业社会责任的相关企业社会责任的内涵、中央企业社会责任的特殊性及其履行方式;第二部分对企业的财务管理目标和社会责任的关系进行了分析,指出了在三种方式的驱动下二者的一致性,得出＂相关者利益最大化＂是中央企业财务目标的最佳选择;最后从财务目标和企业社会责任的角度,分析了二者之间的联系及其协调过程,强调了利益相关者各方利益的协调,而且提出了协调的方法,认为企业实现财务目标的过程就是将企业承担社会责任与实现财务目标契合,在承担社会责任的过程中实现财务目标,在实现财务目标的过程中承担社会责任。     

中国资本市场对绿色投资认可吗?——基于绿色基金的分析

在可持续发展思想的指导下,人们对绿色投资的生态价值已达成共识.而绿色投资能否兼顾环境绩效和财务收益的双重目标,无论是在理论上还是实证上都还没有得到统一的结论.文章以绿色基金的绩效评估为切入点,研究了我国绿色投资的收益与风险.文章首先从环境金融、社会责任投资和金融创新视角系统梳理了绿色投资研究的发展脉络,然后选取22只绿色基金,在选定市场基准和匹配非绿色传统基金对照组的基础上,评价了绿色基金的直接收益和风险以及基于单因素和多因素模型(Carhart四因素模型)的风险调整收益,并进一步分析了基金投资者(绿色投资者)的收益敏感性.基于单因素模型的绩效评价显示,现阶段我国绿色基金的风险调整收益要低于市场基准和传统基金,投资策略差异和成立时间长短对基金收益和风险有影响.基于Carhart四因素模型的分析结果显示,我国绿色基金的投资表现要显著低于市场平均水平,市场风险因子、价值因子和动量因子可以较为客观地解释绿色基金的收益.另外,绿色基金投资者的收益敏感性不高.文章为尚有限的我国绿色投资研究提供了新的直接的证据.     

Corporate environmental disclosure, financial markets and the media: An international perspective

In this study, we analyze the information dynamics between corporate environmental disclosure, financial markets (as proxied by financial analysts' earnings forecasts) and public pressures (as proxied by a firm's media exposure). We adopt a comprehensive view of disclosure that encompasses environmental information that is both print-based as well as web-based. The sample comprises firms from both continental Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, and Netherlands) as well as North America (Canada and the United States). Relying on a system of equations that controls for endogeneity between environmental disclosure determination and financial analysts' work, we show that enhanced environmental disclosure translates into more precise earnings forecasts by analysts. Such effect is reduced for firms with extensive analyst following and in environmentally sensitive industries. However, these relationships are shown to be starker in Europe than in North America, i.e., environmental disclosure has a greater impact on analysts' forecasts but is also more greatly attenuated by analyst following and membership in an environmentally sensitive industry. Most observed relationships hold for either print- or web-based disclosure, except for North America in which web-based disclosure seems to have no impact on analysts' forecasting work.     

分析师跟进决策的影响因素

证券分析师是资本市场不可缺少的组成部分。他们通过收集及传递各种对投资者决策有用的信息在投资者与公司间架起重要的信息桥梁。鉴于其在资本市场发挥的重要作用，学术界对分析师影响的研究由来已久，研究也较为系统和深入。相对而言，分析师跟进决策方面的研究较为欠缺且文献较为零散。与此同时，在我国，随着资本市场的不断发展以及机构投资者的不断壮大，分析师在资本市场中的影响日益增长，但分析师相关的研究却相当欠缺，弥补这一领域的空缺成为当务之急。本文的目的在于对国外这一领域的相关研究进行系统的梳理。文章在对分析师跟进活动的各流派的理论解释基础上，结合投资者法律保护等前沿研究结果，分别从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对分析师跟进决策的影响因素进行阐述，通过全面系统的文献梳理，为分析师行为在我国的研究开展提供一些参考。