家庭风险金融市场有限参与之谜评述

作为家庭金融的细分研究方向,风险金融资产配置领域引起了较大关注。本文从风险金融市场参与角度出发,对近年来该领域的研究进展进行了回顾,国内外研究在放松了经典资产组合模型假设的前提下,从市场摩擦、背景风险、行为因素、信息处理能力和家庭特征等五个角度对风险金融市场有限参与之谜进行解释,本文对上述因素对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响效应和影响机制进行了深入的探讨,并且展望了未来的研究方向。由于家庭金融发展时间较短,研究数据和研究方法需要进一步改善,风险金融资产配置领域仍有较大的研究和发展空间。     

开放性人格特征对家庭金融参与的影响及作用机制 —— 基于CFPS数据的实证分析

论文主要分析了家庭的开放性人格特征对金融市场参与的影响,采用了"大五"人格特征维度下的开放性维度衡量开放性人格特征,基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,发现家庭的价值观越开放,家庭参与金融市场投资的可能性越高;收入越高,开放性人格特征对家庭金融市场参与的影响就越大。此外,开放性人格特征的边际效应从东部到西部递减,东北地区例外。论文还发现了从开放性人格特征到家庭金融参与的一条重要影响路径——课外阅读。最后指出,政府要重视开放性人格在金融市场投资中的作用,培养具有开放性人格的青年,为解决家庭金融市场参与率低、中国家庭储蓄率居高不下等问题提供一个可行的思路。     

家庭金融市场参与如何影响家庭幸福感:来自CHFS的证据

本文运用2017年中国家庭金融调查的微观数据,分析了家庭金融市场参与对家庭幸福感的影响。为有效克服样本的自选择问题,本文使用了倾向得分匹配法,研究发现家庭金融市场参与能显著提高家庭幸福感,且家庭参与低风险金融市场的投资所获得的幸福感要显著高于参与高风险金融市场的投资所获得的的幸福感,家庭参与股票与基金高风险金融市场的研究也证实了这一结论。最后,本文就如何从金融视角更好提高居民幸福感、构建幸福和谐社会提出了相关政策建议。     

金融知识对农村家庭金融市场参与的影响研究

本文运用2017年成都市农村金融服务综合改革试点评估中普通农户调研数据,采用因子分析构建金融知识指标,利用Probit模型研究金融知识对家庭金融市场参与的影响。研究发现,金融知识水平的提高对家庭金融市场参与率有一定的影响,但不显著。本文的政策含义是为实现成都市农户盈余资金配置的多样性,需要宣传金融知识和进行基础金融知识教育,增加普通农户经济收入,鼓励和支持接受普通教育。     

信贷约束与家庭金融市场参与北大核心

本文利用具有全国代表性的中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,对不同类型、不同渠道及不同强度的信贷约束进行了多维度的全面界定,并分析了信贷约束对居民家庭金融市场参与的影响.研究认为,总体上,信贷约束对家庭金融市场的参与概率和参与程度具有显著的负向影响.具体来说,相比于供给型信贷约束,需求型信贷约束对家庭金融市场参与的抑制作用更大;当家庭面临机构和私人双重信贷约束,或受信贷约束强度更大时,其金融市场参与概率和参与程度更低.作用机制方面,信贷约束通过影响家庭收入和风险偏好,进而抑制家庭金融市场参与行为.异质性分析发现,信贷约束对年轻和老年家庭,以及较低财富水平家庭的金融市场参与抑制作用更大.     

人口老龄化与家庭商业保险参与——基于CHFS数据的实证分析

近年来，我国人口老龄化不断加剧，仅靠社会保障体系难以有效应对养老、医疗等人口老龄化带来的问题，商业保险因此成为有力的补充。基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据，运用Probit模型从家庭层面实证分析了人口老龄化对居民家庭商业保险参与的影响。结果表明：人口老龄化显著降低了家庭商业保险参与；人口老龄化通过降低家庭可用资金和家庭健康水平来降低家庭商业保险参与；人口老龄化对家庭商业保险参与的抑制作用在低金融素养、农村地区、有少儿抚养和未经历重大负面事件的家庭中更加显著。上述结论对我国应对人口老龄化挑战、推进商业保险市场发展具有一定的现实意义。     

社会保险、风险态度与家庭风险金融市场参与——基于2019中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据的研究

基于2019年中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据，采用因子分析法构建社会保险变量后，使用Probit和Tobit模型探究了社会保险与家庭风险金融市场参与之间的关系，并采用工具变量克服基准模型中可能存在的内生性问题。进一步地，基于KHB方法检验风险态度的中介效应。研究发现：拥有较多种类的社会保险会显著提高家庭持有风险金融资产的可能性和风险金融资产占家庭总资产的比重；针对职工群体的社会保险险种相比针对普通居民群体的险种更能促进风险金融市场参与；相比城市居民和受教育水平较高的居民，社会保险对农村居民、受教育水平较低的居民影响更显著；社会保险水平提升会使居民更为偏好风险，进而促进其参与风险金融市场；此外，灵活就业群体的社会保险和风险金融市场参与水平低于正式就业群体。最后，根据研究结论提出了相关对策建议。     

金融素养自信偏差、风险态度与家庭股票市场参与——基于CHFS2019微观数据的实证分析

本文基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),研究金融素养自信偏差、风险态度与家庭股票市场参与的关系。研究发现,主观、客观金融素养及金融素养自信偏差都会提高居民股票市场参与的广度和深度。进一步区分金融素养自信偏差群体发现,相比金融素养评价中肯家庭,过度自信家庭显著偏好参与股票市场。调节效应分析发现,总体上风险态度在金融素养自信偏差对股票市场参与和配置股票资产占比中发挥了正向调节作用;风险态度强化了过度自信对家庭股票市场参与深度的促进作用,但没有显著削弱自信不足对家庭股票市场参与的抑制作用。异质性分析发现,风险态度与金融素养自信偏差的交互作用对非农户籍居民、高收入家庭、低学历家庭的股票市场参与会产生更为显著的正向影响。据此,本文提出强化居民的金融教育,同时提高投资者的风险认知水平,促使居民理性参与股票市场,推动城乡融合发展的政策建议。     

Entrepreneurship and household portfolio choice: Evidence from the China Household Finance Survey

The efficient allocation of household assets is important for household wealth and entrepreneurial activities. However, there is scarce evidence on how entrepreneurial activities influence household financial decisions. We use a simple model to characterize the impact of entrepreneurship on household portfolio choice and the two underlying channels—the diversification effect and the risk substitution effect. We also empirically examine the impact of entrepreneurship using data from the 2013, 2015, and 2017 waves of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS). The empirical results show that entrepreneurship significantly decreases both household risky market participation and risky asset holding. These findings are robust to alternative measurements of key variables, different model specifications, and Lewbel’s two-stage estimators. This study also verifies the co-existence of both the diversification and risk substitution effects. In particular, the net effect of entrepreneurship on household portfolio choice varies between urban and rural areas due to the different offsetting results between the two effects.     

Internet finance development and banking market discipline: Evidence from China

Depositor discipline is the only viable and universal source of banking market discipline in China. This paper investigates whether the depositor discipline of banking works in the context of an emerging economy under financial repression and implicit government guarantee, such as the Chinese economy; how banking market discipline is affected by Internet finance development; and whether the impact of Internet finance development on market discipline changes across heterogeneous banks. The results suggest that, in general, measures of bank risk are negatively associated with the growth of deposit volumes. Internet finance development alters the sensitivity of deposit growth ratios to some bank risk measures. For non-state-owned banks, fewer measures of bank risk are significantly negatively associated with the growth of deposit volumes, and the attenuation impact of Internet finance development on market discipline for bank capitalization instead relatively increases. For large banks, market discipline works significantly, except in the case of the bank capitalization variable; moreover, these significant market disciplines are strengthened with the development of Internet finance.     

社会互动对家庭商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析

本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,探讨了社会互动对家庭商业保险购买行为的影响。研究发现:社会互动显著提高了家庭商业保险参与的可能性与参与程度,并且在控制了内生性之后,这种促进作用依然显著;同时本文通过金融知识和商业保险信任度等变量验证了社会互动影响家庭商业保险参与行为的两种作用渠道;异质性分析表明,社会互动对于东部和中部地区、中等学历、高收入水平、低参与率社区中家庭的促进作用更大。本文的研究为我国商业保险市场的发展提供了一个新的社会特征视角,重视社会互动的促进作用,加强保险业诚信建设,以此推动我国商业保险业健康快速发展。     

Bank liquidity,stock market participation,and economic growth

We develop a growth model with banks and markets to reconcile the observed decreasing trend in the relative liquidity of many financial systems around the world with the increasing household participation in direct market trades. At low levels of economic development, the presence of fixed entry costs prevents the agents from accessing the market, and pushes them towards the banks, which provide high relative liquidity. We characterize the threshold after which the agents are rich enough to access the market, where the relative liquidity is lower, and show that the relative liquidity of the whole financial system (banks and markets) drops because of the increasing market participation. We provide some evidence consistent with this theoretical prediction: a one-unit increase in an index of securities market liberalization leads to a drop in the relative liquidity of between 17 and 27 per cent.     

集体主义与居民家庭消费——来自中国的经验发现

采用详实的微观调查数据,本文实证分析了集体主义对我国居民家庭消费的影响。基于社会网络、社会融入、情感表达和自我控制等四个方面,本文进一步构造了综合集体主义观念,经过稳健性检验和内生性讨论的回归结果显示,综合集体主义观念显著提高了居民家庭消费水平。其中,稳定的社会网络、社会融入和情感表达显著促进了居民家庭消费,而自我控制显著抑制了居民家庭消费。分消费类型看,综合集体主义观念及稳定的社会网络显著提高了不同类型的家庭消费。进一步的研究显示,在互联网普及率更高的地区,集体主义对居民家庭消费的正向促进作用更小。本文的政策涵义在于,在促进居民消费的过程中,相关部门应重视集体主义文化对居民消费的促进作用及其因区域信息化水平不同而产生的差异,以提高政策的精准程度。     

农村家庭金融市场参与影响因素的比较研究

通过金融深化增加农村家庭参与金融市场的机会,让金融为广大农村家庭服务,改善其资源配置,解决农村金融抑制.本文将农村家庭金融资产分为安全型和风险型,以问卷调查获取的数据建立Logistic回归模型对东部地区与西部地区农村家庭参与金融市场的决定因素进行研究和比较.模型结果验证了财富效应假设、人力资本假设在东西部存在不同的影响结果,但资产回报率越高则农村家庭参与度越高在东西部的影响都非常显著,此外,家庭控制变量影响在东西部地区有不同的表现.     

Primacy in stock market participation: the effect of initial returns on market re-entry decisions

We examine whether initial returns influence investors’ decisions to return to the stock market following withdrawal. Using a survival analysis technique to estimate Finnish retail investors’ likelihood of stock market re-entry reveals that investors who experience lower initial returns are less likely to return, even after controlling for returns in the last month and average monthly returns for the duration of investing. This primacy effect is robust to accounting for endogeneity in investors’ exit decisions, and other behavioural biases such as recency and saliency of investment experience. Individual investors appear to be subject to primacy bias and tend to put a significant weight on initial experiences in re-entry decisions.     

Overreaction to stock market news and misevaluation of stock prices by unsophisticated investors: Evidence from the option market

This paper examines investors' option activity on value and growth stocks before earnings announcements. The main finding is that unsophisticated investors enter option positions that load up on growth stocks relative to value stocks in the days leading up to earnings announcements. This occurs despite the fact that at earnings announcements value stocks outperform growth stocks by a wide margin. The paper's results provide evidence that unsophisticated option market investors (1) overreact to past news on underlying stocks and (2) mistakenly believe that mispriced stocks will move even further away from fundamentals at impending scheduled news releases.     

Financial outreach and household financial constraint

This paper analyses how financial outreach affects the probability of households having financial constraint (i.e. being ‘discouraged’ and ‘rejected’ for loan applications). We show that households residing in communities with more bank branches are less likely to be financially constrained. Using the distance to the closest fruit and vegetable (open) market as an instrument for financial outreach, we address the potential endogeneity problem and find our results remain robust. We further provide evidence on the negative relationship between the number of bank branches nearby and the probability of loan rejection, in particular for middle‐income young households.     

Managerial effect or firm effect: Evidence from the private debt market

This paper provides evidence that the managerial effect is a key determinant of firms’ cost of capital, in the context of private debt contracting. Applying the novel empirical method developed by an earlier study to a large sample that tracks the job movement of top managers, we find that the managerial effect is a critical and significant factor that explains a large part of the variation in loan contract terms more accurately than firm fixed effects. Additional evidence shows that banks “follow” managers when they change jobs and offer loan contracts with preferential terms to their new firms.