Review and comments: Jerry R. Green and Jean-Jacques Laffont,Incentives in public decision making

This paper develops a procedure for testing the signalling hypothesis as advanced by Spence et al. The approach used is to examine directly the question of whether employers use education for purely informational purposes in their hiring decisions. An application of the method to a recruitment by the Swedish auto manufacturer Volvo is presented.     

农业发展与环境规制

中国农业产业正处于战略转型时期,从追求数量增长型向质量安全环保型转变,由生存农业向多功能农业转型,由市场型农业向支持型农业转移,在这样的转型过程中政府的产业治理模式亟待转变。中国政府环境规制的重点往往是工业产业,对于农业的环境治理则鲜有研究。针对农业发展与环境治理之间潜在的矛盾冲突,提出了环境规制的一般框架,并进一步提出了促进农业发展的环境规制政策建议。     

市场中介组织的规范与发展

我国的市场中介组织得到了迅猛发展,为社会创造了大量的社会财富和就业机会,为我国社会经济发展做出了重大贡献。     

规制研发与绿色创新

随着经济发展的绿色转型,绿色创新成为企业技术发展和获取差异化竞争优势的重要方式.文章从现有研究不足入手,以环境规制为外生变量,构建了包含生产部门和研发部分的两部门模型,随后利用2000-2019年的面板数据进行系统GMM回归,结果表明:环境规制主要分为费用型环境规制和投资型环境规制,使用绿色创新技术生产部门的排污量和治污成本明显低于非绿色创新技术时生产部门的排污量和治污成本时,生产部门选择绿色创新技术,此时生产部门、研发部门获得帕累托最优;中国费用型环境规制对绿色创新的影响相对较小,投资型环境规制通过激励企业研发投入对绿色技术创新产生积极正向作用,"波特假说"在中国成立;研发投入能够有效促进绿色创新.     

Regulation by prices and by command

Standard economic theory states that regulation by price is more efficient than regulation by command and control. Exceptions may arise if regulators have good knowledge of the supply curve. In practice, though, governments usually regulate by command and control and do so when there is uncertainty about the technology of supply. We show that government may prefer to regulate by command and control when it cares about the investment decisions of a firm.We are grateful for comments by Kenneth Small, the editor, and two anonymous referees.     

非公有制经济发展与国有经济战略性调整

国有经济的战略性调整是要把有限的国有资本集中起来,投入到真正需要国有经济进入和加强的领域和行业中,大量的竞争性领域由非国有经济来投资、经营和发展.经过20多年改革和发展的实践证明,国有经济的战略性调整与非国有经济的发展是分不开的,为了实现国有经济战略性调整,最终建立社会主义市场经济新体制的历史性任务,非公有制经济将发挥不可替代的经济功能.非公有制经济参与我国国有经济战略性调整的思路主要有:(1)非公有制经济参与国有经济战略性调整的机遇期.(2)继续调整劳动力的所有制结构.(3)购买、兼并和重组国有企业.(4)放开民间资本进入基础性行业.     

自由主义与政府干预

政府在国家经济发展中的作用非常重要.在自由主义和政府干预的演变历程中,在不同的时期、不同的条件下,政府干预发挥的作用、手段和方式也不相同,自由主义要求构建的是一个好的市场经济和一个有边界的政府,这对中国经济的改革发展具有重要意义.     

中国信托业:规制与发展

中国信托业是随着改革开放发展起来的，至今已有20多年。《信托法》的颁布实施及中国加入WTO，使得中国的信托业迎来了新的发展契机。面对新形势，信托业要加快创新，开拓以个人信托为主的信托市场，重点开展财产受托和公益信托等业务。     

Regulation and Public Sector Development: A Post-Transition Perspective

The article is devoted to the changing role of the major public policy function of regulation and the changing role of the public sector in various phases of systemic change in central and eastern Europe. It surveys the consequences of bloodletting for the civil service and state capactiy in a world increasingly dominated by delocalisation and dematerialisation. Meanwhile a large part of the economy is unlikely to be transformed into purely asset value maximising units, thus the importance of regulating the intermediate forms of activity between public and private firms is going to gain in importance. Limitations of the current EU model, based on traditions rather than attending tasks of the future are highlighted in both the administrative and the enonomic spheres.     

管制、竞争与民营银行的发展

金融深化的基础是管制与竞争的均衡。计划体制下,国家对金融业一直采取国有控股或国家垄断,因而产生民营银行压抑现象。市场化改革显化了金融制度与经济制度的摩擦,因而民营银行发展在金融深化中具有现实性,也是金融基础设施建设的重要组成。从竞争的角度看,放松民营银行进入壁垒,有助于金融业适度竞争,同时也是国有银行改革的重要组成部分。当然,金融本身的脆弱性说明银行民营化过程也是管制重建的过程。     

环境规制、金融资源配置与绿色发展效率

环境规制强度的提高,是否提高了地区绿色发展效率是我国发展环境友好型经济过程中面临的重要问题。采用Super-SBM模型估计了2000—2015年中国省级行政区绿色发展效率,考察了环境规制对地区绿色发展效率的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:我国绿色发展效率总体呈现先降后升再平稳的趋势,且东部地区绿色发展效率明显高于中部、西部地区;环境规制强度提高显著降低了地区绿色发展效率,且这一影响随着时间的推移逐渐减弱;影响机制检验表明,环境规制的加强通过促使金融资源向第二产业配置从而降低了绿色发展效率。     

城市节能与发展

能源是有限的资源。中国作为世界上第二大能源消耗国,在经济高速发展的今天,能源的有效利用与节能降耗已成为当务之急。文章分析了部分国家的先进经验与节能降耗的方法措施。     

中国银行业及其监管的改革与发展

本文回顾了改革开放以来中国银行业在三方面改革中的长足进步,简要介绍了中国银行业的监管专业化水平的提高过程,以及中国银行业对外开放程度的开放状况,对我国银行业的发展进行了展望.     

美国政府对外国参与美国研发活动的管理概况

本文主要探讨美国对外国参与美国研发活动的基本态度以及政府管理的基本情况。     

Arenas of Development - A Space Populated by Actor-worlds,Artefacts, and Surprises

In this paper the notion 'development arena' is presented and discussed. The notion is suggested to function as a cognitive space for research. It seeks to catch and describe the relational, unstable and heterogeneous character of the development process. It should sensitize both researchers and managers towards processes of technology development that are poorly accounted for in economic and management theory. Thereby, we wish to contribute to critical discussions about the role of management and the directions it chooses for development of technologies and products. The elements and transformations involved in shaping and restructuring activities in a development arena are described and discussed based on a case study of the development of HDTV as the next generation television. It exemplifies different moments and aspects of technology development. A number of configurations of specific processes in a development arena are used to exemplify the strengths of this notion. The notion is compared with other theoretical concepts that have been proposed to explain and model the processes that structure industries, markets, and products.