审计师变更下公司自利特征的经验分析

本文从审计师特征视角考察不同类型的上市公司在变更审计师后选择的继任审计师是否具有系统性差异,以此揭示上市公司变更审计师的真实动因.研究结论表明,在上市公司掌握主导权的审计市场中,上市公司有预谋的解聘审计师是为选择特定类型的会计师事务所做准备,这是利益驱使的结果,是上市公司自利动机的体现.本文为国有股减持和大小非解禁等政策的实施提供一定的理论参考.     

The random-walk hypothesis revisited: new evidence on multiple structural breaks in emerging markets

We examine whether stock prices in 18 emerging markets follow random-walk or mean-reversion processes in the presence of sudden and gradual multiple structural breaks. Our tests endogenously determined the structural shifts and are more powerful than either the traditional random-walk (unit root) tests or the single structural break tests. In all emerging markets, we find strong evidence for multiple structural breaks. When we use single break tests, the random-walk hypothesis is rejected. However, when we use tests of double level shifts in the mean and make due allowance for multiple structural breaks, the results are consistent with the random-walk hypothesis in the vast majority of the sampled markets. The evidence proves robust to using price indexes whether denominated in U.S. dollars, in local currencies or in real terms, and also to using fractional integration tests. Our results contradict some previous studies for emerging markets which restrict structural breaks to only one-time shift.     

Long-term performance following mergers of Japanese companies: The effect of diversification and affiliation

This paper examines the long-term operating performance following 69 mergers of manufacturing firms traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange during 1969 to 1999. We find evidence of improvements in operating performance for the entire sample, and that the pre- and post-merger performance is highly correlated. Moreover, the long-term performance is significantly greater following mergers of firms operating in different industries. Increases in employment surrounding the mergers are positively related to post-merger performance among diversifying mergers and mergers completed before the peak of the equity bubble in 1989. The results suggest that the primary beneficiaries of consolidation are firms that expand the scope of business of the acquiring company. Finally, existing relationships among merging firms and mergers with distressed targets are not related to post-merger performance.     

Is the Internet delivery channel changing banks’ performance? The case of Spanish banks

In spite of the conspicuous use of the Internet as a delivery channel, there is a relative dearth of empirical studies that provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of the Internet on banks’ financial performance. This paper attempts to fill this gap by identifying and estimating the impact of the adoption of a transactional web site on financial performance using a sample of 72 commercial banks operating in Spain over the period 1994–2002. The impact on banks’ performance of transactional web adoption takes time to appear. The adoption of the Internet as a delivery channel involves a gradual reduction in overhead expenses (particularly, staff, marketing and IT). This effect is statistically significant after one and a half years after adoption. The cost reduction translates into an improvement in banks’ profitability, which becomes significant after one and a half years in terms of ROA and after three years in terms of ROE. The paper also concludes that the Internet is being used as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, physical branches.     

Stock returns and inflation revisited: An evaluation of the inflation illusion hypothesis

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the stock return–inflation relation. The Modigliani and Cohn’s inflation illusion hypothesis has received renewed attention. Another hypothesis is the two-regime hypothesis. We reexamine these hypotheses using long sample data of the US and international data. We find that the inflation illusion hypothesis can explain the post-war negative stock return–inflation relation, but it is not compatible with the pre-war positive relation. Using a structural VAR identification method, we show that there are two regimes with positive and negative stock return–inflation relations not only in each period of the US but also in every developed country we consider. This seems inconsistent with the inflation illusion hypothesis that predicts only a negative relation.     

论上市公司的粉饰行为及其审计风险

我国证券市场上市公司日益出现粉饰行为.这些粉饰行为具有欺骗性和隐藏性,给会计信息使用者造成严重的后果.上市公司的粉饰行为与审计风险有直接的关系,必须引起注册会计师在执业过程中对此种行为的严正关注.     

Long‐Term post‐merger announcement performance. A case study of Australian listed real estate

This study examines the long‐term postmerger performance of Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts (A‐REITs). The A‐REIT sector is used as a case study being less vulnerable to agency issues due to its regulatory structure (Eichholtz and Kok, 2008; Ratcliffe et al., 2009). Research on conventional firms has shown, on average, shareholders are worse off in the long run (Alexandridis et al., 2012). In contrast, we find that shareholders experience significantly positive abnormal returns, after accounting for the financial crisis. This outcome suggests that when managers are restricted with the use of retained earnings and the type of investment, they may be less susceptible to hubris and/or agency issues.     

保险公司业绩评价:从财务绩效到战略执行

企业业绩评价模式大致经历了财务导向模式、经济价值(内含价值)导向模式和战略执行(平衡计分)评价模式的演变,本文通过对以上三种模式的在保险公司运用的研究,分析了不同评价模式的在保险公司应用的演进脉络与评价重点,提出了按评价目标需求出发的整合评价模式是最佳业绩评价实践的观点.     

Bank board structure and performance: Evidence for large bank holding companies

The subprime crisis highlights how little we know about bank governance. This paper addresses a long-standing gap in the literature by analyzing the relationship between board governance and performance using a sample of banking firm data that spans 34 years. We find that board independence is not related to performance, as measured by a proxy for Tobin’s Q. However, board size is positively related to performance. Our results are not driven by M&A activity. But, we provide new evidence that increases in board size due to additions of directors with subsidiary directorships may add value as BHC complexity increases. We conclude that governance regulation should take unique features of bank governance into account.     

How different GAAPS affect performance of valuation models: Evidence from Asia-based companies

Use of accounting information to assess a firm's value is a very important subject for financial analysts, investors, lenders, policy-makers, and other market participants. Given the current worldwide movement toward adoption of IFRS, understanding how it compares to other GAAPs and affects valuation models is an important matter. This study compares the relative performance of three valuation models based on a sample of all relevant American Depositary Shares (ADRs) from selected Asian countries and a matched sample of US counterparts, using accounting variables reported under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and non-IFRS/US GAAP. Results indicate that there are substantial differences between the three models' explanatory power and that the dominant (most explanatory) valuation model will vary depending on which GAAP (IFRS, US GAAP, and non-IFRS/US GAAP) is used.     

The wage-push hypothesis: The Italian case

In this paper an attempt has been made to find out the extent to which all the strike variables that I know of are correlated with the rate of wage inflation. The general conclusion is that the standard wage-push hypothesis performs very poorly.     

Managerial power, compensation gap and firm performance — Evidence from Chinese public listed companies

We study the relationship between compensation gap and firm performance in the Chinese market. Extant studies have shown that, for the publicly traded companies in China, compensation gap between senior executives plays a tournament role and motivates managers to achieve higher level of performance. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results confirm the above result. However, simultaneous regression results indicate that the tournament effect is more significant in firms with high managerial powers. Our finding suggests that previous findings using OLS might be incomplete. We also show that firms with better performance and greater managerial power tend to have greater compensation gap. Meanwhile, the relationship between managerial power and firm performance is, on average, negative.     

The geometric-mean principle revisited : A reply

As far as I know neither Samuelson nor Merton nor indeed Ophir has challenged the basic principle imbedded in the geometric-mean principle for long-run portfolio selection. If they or he wishes to adopt a significantly different policy and I follow the G policy, in the long run I become3almost certain to have more wealth than they. This hardly seems an erroneous or trivial proposition.     

Risk and performance estimation in hedge funds revisited: Evidence from errors in variables

This paper revisits the performance of hedge funds in the presence of errors in variables. To reduce the bias induced by measurement error, we introduce an estimator based on cross sample moments of orders three and four. This Higher Moment Estimation (HME) technique has significant consequences on the measure of factor loadings and the estimation of abnormal performance. Large changes in alphas can be attributed to measurement errors at the level of explanatory variables, while we emphasize some shifts in the economic contents of the equity risk premiums by switching from OLS to HME.     

Propping by controlling shareholders,wealth transfer and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese listed companies

Propping acts by controlling shareholders are common in Chinese listed firms. In this paper, we use data on related-party transactions of all listed Chinese firms from 2002 to 2008 to investigate the motivation behind controlling shareholders’ propping acts and subsequent wealth-transfer behavior and how both affect firm performance. We find that such institutional motivators as the maintenance of shell resources and qualification for refinancing have a significant effect on the propping behavior of controlling shareholders of Chinese listed firms and that such behavior is often followed by more serious tunneling when shareholders are driven by these motivators. Compared with non-state-owned firms, state-owned firms with the motivation to qualify for refinancing exhibit more severe tunneling after engaging in propping behavior. We also find that while propping by controlling shareholders improves a firm’s current operating performance, in firms whose controlling shareholders’ are motivated by the desire to maintain shell resources or obtain a refinancing qualification their performance declines in the following year because of subsequent tunneling. The results presented in this paper provide us with a better understanding of the relationship between propping and tunneling, controlling shareholders’ engagement in both and the consequences of that behavior.