股权激励存在持续性的激励效应吗？--基于倾向得分匹配法的实证分析

为克服样本选择偏误,本文采用倾向得分匹配法,在六年的时间框架内检验了股权激励效应的持续性问题。研究发现：整体而言,激励组的ROE和Tobin’s Q值均显著高于控制组,说明股权激励能有效地提高企业的财务绩效和市场价值;激励组的ROE在股权激励计划实施后的三年时间里均显著高于控制组,三年之后逐渐与控制组无显著差异,表明股权激励对企业财务绩效的提升作用能持续三年时间;激励组的Tobin’s Q值在实施的第一年与控制组无显著差异,但在随后的四年时间里均显著高于控制组,表明股权激励对企业市场价值存在长达四年的持续提升作用,但存在为期一年的时滞效应。     

出口会导致工资溢价吗

本文利用世界银行公布的2004年中国120个城市的企业调查数据,采用倾向得分配对方法,在控制企业出口和工资的内生性问题基础上用平均处理效应来考察出口是否存在工资溢价,结果发现出口企业的工资显著高于非出口企业。我们分所有权、地区、变换配对方法对该结果进行检验,发现在用不同配对方法以及控制了地区效应之后该结果仍然显著,企业所有权对出口工资溢价有重要影响。本文的研究支持了出口工资溢价的结论,这说明出口改善了员工福利,与现有国内的一些研究结果不同。这意味着出口与企业员工收入的关系仍需进一步的研究。     

媒体监督是否能抑制高管薪酬过快增长?--基于PSM的再检验

媒体监督是否能发挥治理作用,受自身报道偏好和报道强度的影响。为检验媒体治理的有效性,本文以倾向性匹配得分法控制内生性的干扰,并将报道强度异质性纳入考察范围,研究发现：只有多年持续报道能显著抑制薪酬的过快增长,媒体总体关注和集中报道则未发挥治理作用;按最终控制人性质分组检验后发现,不管是对民营企业,央企还是地方国企,总体关注和集中报道均未发挥治理作用,而持续报道的治理作用只在国有企业中显著,且对央企的作用强于地方国企。表明媒体能在一定程度上发挥薪酬治理的作用,其作用方式依赖于政府介入以及持续报道形成的舆论压力,为深入研究媒体薪酬治理的作用机制和效果提供了经验证据。     

Entry to foreign markets and productivity: Evidence from a matched sample of Turkish manufacturing firms

We examine the effects of international trading activities of firms on creating productivity gains in Turkey by using a recent firm-level data set over the period 2003–2010. We establish treatment models and investigate the productivity improvements of firms through trade by using propensity score matching techniques together with difference-in-difference estimates. Three different groups of treatment are constructed: (1) firms that are involved only with import activities, (2) firms that are involved only with export activities and (3) firms that are involved with both export and import activities. The results of the study suggest that both exporting and importing have positive significant effects on total factor productivity (TFP) and labour productivity (LP) of firms. Importing is found to have a greater impact on productivity of firms compared to exporting. Further, two-way trade is found to have more significant effects than those of one-way trade on firm productivity. Finally, our results indicate that international trade has greater impact on LP rather than TFP of firms.     

产品创新如何影响我国企业对外直接投资速度？——基于微观层面数据的实证检验

在国际投资理论中,传统观点认为具有产品创新的优势企业有更大的动机进行对外直接投资,而近年来发展中国家的实践则表明劣势企业出于获取创新资源的目的也有较大的动机进行对外直接投资,文章从产品创新和企业对外直接投资速度视角对此进行检验。文章匹配《中国工业企业数据库》和《境外投资企业（机构）名录》构建微观实证研究数据库,并对企业对外直接投资速度和产品创新进行度量。在此基础上,文章的实证研究发现,一方面在产品创新倾向维度,无产品创新的企业比有产品创新企业有更快的对外直接投资速度;另一方面,在有产品创新企业内部,创新程度的提升则能加快企业对外直接投资速度。进一步地,文章利用倾向得分匹配对产品创新倾向如何影响企业对外直接投资速度进行反事实估计,验证了实证研究结果的稳健性。     

Does the Use of Mobile Phones by Smallholder Maize Farmers Affect Productivity in Ghana?

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the effects of mobile technology on productivity and the channels of transmission of these effects. Using propensity score matching procedures, the results show that mobile phone ownership and use significantly improves agricultural productivity. Specifically, the mobile phone improves the productivity of user-farmers by at least 261.20 kg/ha per production season. Further, we find that phone ownership and use impacts productivity more than phone use only. The identified channels of effect are extension services, adoption of modern technology and market participation. These results have key policy implications for Ghana and developing economies at large.     

Real effects of private equity investments: Evidence from European buyouts

This study investigates the effects of buyout deals on the ex-post performance of target companies. The analysis is based on a sample of 241 private-to-private buyouts involving European companies between 1997 and 2004 and a control sample of non-buyouts selected through a propensity score matching methodology. The paper explores three different dimensions of firm performance: size, profitability and productivity. The results indicate a positive impact of buyouts on the growth of total assets and of employment in target firms in the short- and mid-term. An equivalent clear pattern cannot be identified for productivity, while we estimate a lower operating profitability for buyout companies with respect to the control group three years after a deal is made. When we restrict the analysis to the sub-sample of buyout companies, we find that generalist funds negatively and significantly impact the mean ex-post operating profitability of PE-backed firms, while turnaround specialists are positively associated with operating profitability. The evidence also highlights that target companies whose lead investor is located in the same country show relatively higher ex-post profitability performance.     

FDI modes and parent firms' productivity in emerging economies:Evidence from Taiwan

This article investigates the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of parent firms for multinational enterprises in Taiwan. The current research specifically examines the potential differences in productivity effect between FDI toward developing (vertical FDI) and developed countries (horizontal FDI) and between electronics and non-electronics firms. Using panel data on Taiwan firms from 2000 to 2005, results obtained using propensity score matching (PSM) show thatmultinational firms experience a higher productivity following their FDI in developing countries. A time lag exists in productivity gain of investment to developed countries, and is relevant only to electronics firms. Employing the generalized method of moment of the panel fixed model to control for problems of endogeneity and unobservable heterogeneity, the empirical finding suggests that productivity effect caused by investing in developing countries remains significantly positive. A lagged productivity-enhancing effect is also found after FDI in developed countries for both electronics and non electronics firms.     

“一带一路”倡议能否提升对外直接投资企业盈利能力？

基于2011-2015年A股上市公司与商务部《境外投资企业（机构）名录》数据,利用倾向得分匹配方法（PSM）和双重差分法（DID）考察“一带一路”倡议对中国对外直接投资企业盈利能力的影响及作用机制。研究发现：“一带一路”倡议显著提升了中国对沿线国家投资企业的盈利能力。机制检验表明,“一带一路”倡议能够通过推进中国与沿线国家间的经济融合和文化包容来提升对外投资企业的盈利能力,而政治互信在样本期内不显著。进一步研究发现,“一带一路”倡议对企业盈利能力的提升作用主要体现在国有企业、新兴优势产业以及投资目的为非邻近中国的“一带一路”国家上。     

Voluntary Disclosure of Auditors＇ Report on Internal Control： Firm Characteristics and Economic Consequences

Using propensity score matching （PSM） and the difference-in- difference （DID） approach, this paper explores the characteristics of listed Chinese firms that voluntarily disclose auditors＇ reports on internal control and the economic consequences. Using a sample of non-financial firms listed on the main boards of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2010, we find that firms are more likely to voluntarily disclose their auditors＇ reports on internal control if they have higher state ownership, lower managerial ownership, sanction records, audit committees, non-Big Four auditors as their auditors of annual financial reports, unqualified auditors＇ opinions on financial reports, less board independence, after controlling for firm size, liabilities, performance, and history. Moreover, as compared to a control group that exhibits similar characteristics, firms that voluntarily disclose auditors＇ reports on internal control are associated with positive earnings quality and negative cost of equity capital.     

What makes a successful exporter? An introduction

The papers in this issue continue with the tradition of adding puzzles pieces to the overall picture of the impact and importance of firm international activities. In \"What makes a successful exporter?\", we have collected twelve papers, the majority of which were presented at the 13th annual ISGEP workshop in Ljubljana, Slovenia on 20–21 September 2018. The common thread linking these papers is that they explore both what it means to be an exporter and the ramifications of exporting on firms and the economy as a whole. On the one hand, this special issue addresses the role of foreign sourcing, export experience in the board of directors and credit supply shocks on the propensity to export, as well as the factors that affect firms' overall readiness to export. On the other hand, it investigates various measures of performance in the export markets, such as export duration, markups, quality upgrading and product mix.     

品牌资产引擎视角下的品牌价值模型及其应用研究

品牌资产引擎(Equity Engine)是一种基于消费者认知的评估模型。在该模型中亲和力、功能表现和价格构成了品牌价值的三大要素。亲和力是品牌受到的来自消费者的信任和尊敬。功能表现是品牌资产的另一个重要组成部分。品牌对消费者而言的终极价值是品牌资产和价格的共同作用。品牌资产引擎可以帮助商业企业定量地测量品牌资产,了解品牌的显性和隐性驱动因素和最大化品牌资产。     

The evolution of private equity: corporate restructuring in the UK,c.1945–2010

The article analyses the role of private equity (PE) in restructuring the UK corporate economy. It develops a theoretical synthesis to show that the evolution of the PE industry and firms in which it invested were governed by the relations of corporate governance between investor and investee companies. Effective governance relations were a necessary condition for success and complement firm specific resources to create competitive advantage. Four case studies are used to show the contrasting effects of these determining factors, Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation (ICFC) and Slater Walker, and the two waves of buy-out centred restructuring that developed with the maturity of the PE industry after 1980. In contrast to the evolutionary approach, the periodisations utilised in this study show that structural breaks associated with points of institutional reform are also necessary to make firm specific resource and governance determinants of competitive advantage operable.     

退耕还林项目增收效果评估——基于六省区3329个农户的调查

运用倾向得分匹配法,分两个阶段实证研究了退耕还林项目对退耕农户增收的影响作用。结果表明:在项目实施五年后,退耕还林工程显著的促进了参与户的收入增长,增收效应为969.55元。但是,实施七年后,项目的增收效果有所下降,即到了2006年,退耕还林工程对农户增收的净效应为771.61元。退耕还林的增收效应呈现出一种倒"U"型变化趋势。     

控股股东股权质押、股权性质与公司绩效研究

融资需求是上市公司运行面临的重要问题,在银行信贷和大股东减持受到限制、资本市场并不活跃的情况下,股权质押以其独有的灵活性、轻资产性成为上市公司控股股东缓解融资约束的首选方式。本文实证分析2011-2015年沪深两市上市公司控股股东股权质押对公司绩效产生的影响,发现民营上市公司控股股东比国有上市公司控股股东更倾向于股权质押;控股股东的持股比例与股权质押呈负相关关系,并受到股权性质的影响,民营上市公司控股股东"对赌"意愿更加强烈,负相关关系更为显著;控股股东股权质押与公司绩效呈正向相关,这种相关性会因为股权性质不同有明显差异。     

企业业绩组合、企业业绩差异与中报披露的时间选择--管理层的组合动机和信息操作行为

本文对中国上市公司中报和年报数据进行假设检验，以考察企业业绩组合、企业业绩差异与中报披露时间选择之间的关系。本文得出的研究结果认为上市公司管理层在中报披露和预约披露中可能存在信息操作，同时由于管理层的组合动机和信息操作行为，扭曲了年报和中报的披露时间安排。本文证实企业业绩组合、企业业绩差异对中报披露的时间选择有显著影响。