浅谈城市智能交通设计

城市智能交通控制系统是我国交通运输领域工作的重中之重,占据着不可比拟的地位,已经得到了越来越多人的重视和关注.要充分利用信息化技术和网络通信技术以及智能技术,不断促进城市智能交通控制系统的稳定发展.本文主要针对城市智能交通控制系统的研究与设计展开深入的研究与分析,并提出了几点针对性的优化措施,以供相关人士的借鉴.     

智能交通在意大利的应用和发展

智能交通系统 (ITS)是利用电子计算机和网络技术、信息通信技术、传感技术和系统集成技术使车辆和道路智能化,提供实时、准确、交互、广泛的信息,实现人、车、路的密切结合与和谐统一,从而提高道路通行能力,减少交通堵塞,保障人员和车辆安全,降低能耗,减少污染,改善环境,提高运输效率和经济效益。它是一种信息化、智能化、社会化的新型交通系统。 　　1990年,意大利高速公路公司研制成功了不停车电子收费系统,并在部分高速公路上使用,标志着意大利智能交通应用的开端。最近几年,随着意大利智能交通标准体系的建立、欧盟项目…     

加快智能交通建设 构建可持续发展交通体系

智能交通是实现可持续发展的内在要求,已引起全球的高度重视。中国道路在未来20年内仍处于建设期,这期间正是智能交通系统在全世界进入全面实施的阶段。因此,我国必须有前瞻意识,加快智能交通建设,提高交通效率。     

智能交通发展中的大数据分析

智能交通是解决城市交通问题的一个重要途径,但是及时准确地获取交通数据成为制约智能交通发展的一个重要因素,文章从大数据的角度进行研究,分析了将大数据应用于智能交通发展带来的优势。     

大数据时代:智能交通发展的机遇和挑战

智能交通是解决城市交通问题的一个重要途径,也是未来城市交通的发展方向。大数据时代的来临,为智能交通的发展带来了机遇和挑战。从大数据的角度出发,分析智能交通的需求和机遇,以及面临的挑战和应用前景。     

所谓智能交通

如果你有过立在寒风中等公交的体验,眼巴巴盯着车开来的方向之时,你是否期盼过有一天,公交车站也竖了一块电子屏幕,显示着你所等的那趟车到达的时间,就好像地铁里下趟列车到达的时间表一样。     

英国的智能交通

1.英国智能交通发展历程 　　英国智能交通发展历程简而言之,是在城市交通控制系统中起步,在城市间交通控制系统中发展,当各独立分散的城市交通控制系统和各城市间交通控制系统实现联网后,智能交通技术才在真正意义上具备了规模发展条件,加之信息和通讯技术的推波助澜,以及英国公路、铁路等基础设施在设计之初为方便未来辅助设施的安装使用所留的余地,为包括智能交通技术在内的高新技术产品的应用提供了极大便利,智能交通发展方兴未艾。 　　英国智能交通以 1974年累斯特市计算机交通信号控制系统,即后来所称的市区交通控制 (UTC…     

发展哈尔滨市智能交通管理系统

随着哈尔滨市经济的迅速发展，城市建设的加快和汽车普及率的提高，现有的交通管理系统已无法跟上交通发展的步伐，交通问题已成为阻碍可持续发展的主要问题之一。为把哈尔滨市建设成为“国际化新都市”，必须建立，套行之有效的、科学化的交通管理体系，实现智能化的交通管理。这就是智能交通系统（Intelligent Transport System，缩写ITS），它是在系统工程综合集成思想的指导下，将先进的信息技术、计算机技术、数据通信技术、传感技术、电子控制技术、自动控制理论、运筹学、人工智能等有效地综合运用于整个交通管理体系，建立起来的一种在大范围内、金方位发挥作用的，实时、准确、高效的综合智能交通管理控制系统。     

智能交通的全球应用

着眼于智能交通的机构、技术应用实例、作用和全球发展现状以及未来的发展对策交通运输是经济的生命力。如果没有交通运输系统将人和货物运进、运出或者在周围移动,那么城市就不可能存在。交通运输一直是全球化的主要驱动力,它让距离不断缩小、促使整个新经济的出现并改善了数以百万计的人的生活质量。几乎每一天人们都离不开交通:     

美国开发西部中的交通建设

中国正在实施西部大开发战略。无独有偶,美国的发展史上,西进运动也被认为是关键之举。目前中国与当年美国西部开发的主要障碍都是交通问题。本文研究美国西进中的交通建设,并试图从中找出一些对中国西部基础设施建设有益的启迪。     

The hidden value of air transportation infrastructure

Air transportation is a key strategic asset in that it provides access to markets and thereby enables the economic development of nations. Thus, in order to maintain their competitiveness in a global economy, countries must invest in air transportation infrastructure to ensure their ability to meet current and future demand for aviation services. The objective of this paper is to develop and illustrate a methodology for evaluating the strategic value of air transportation infrastructure, in particular the benefits associated with the ability to react quickly to changes in the market. The hypothesis is that by recognizing and taking advantage of this strategic value, it may be possible to design better policies for aviation infrastructure delivery.The methodology developed here uses system dynamics to model different strategies for infrastructure delivery. These strategies are defined by three variables: the amount of capacity increase, the time to deliver the capacity and the congestion threshold that triggers the need for capacity delivery. Monte Carlo simulation is used to take into account multiple sources of uncertainty. The model shows that a strategy of capacity delivery based on small increments and short response times can yield more benefits than strategies that consider large capacity increases and long response times. Furthermore, in the specific airport example considered here, it was found that a congestion threshold of 75% should be the trigger for capacity enlargements if strategies based on small capacity increments and 1 or 5 years to increase capacity are considered. The lesson for decision-makers is that congestion delays must be addressed with foresight.     

Airports and the air transportation system: Functional refinements and functional discovery

This paper examines the technological development of the airport and the air transportation system in order to identify opportunities for increased growth and development. The paper identifies two approaches to accomodating growth, which it terms functional refinement and functional discovery. The former refers to incremental improvements, the latter to the discovery of new technological forms and functions. Functional refinements condition and frequently constrain efforts towards functional discovery. For example, efforts to advance “demand management” may not be beneficial for the exploration of new uses for air transportation technology. The paper examines how efforts towards functional refinement might be reoriented towards fostering functional discovery, identifies parallels between the air transportation system and other infrastructure systems, and examines how efforts towards functional refinement that lock out functional discovery run counter to powerful social pressures for flexible, specialized production.     

Financial infrastructure and house prices

We argue that banks operating in a local market possess better information about the local housing market than do nonlocal banks. Possessing this information may influence their willingness to grant loans to house buyers and the specifics of the loan terms, which in turn may affect house prices because credit facilitation makes the housing market more efficient. Using a panel data set covering a period from 1993 to 2007 and involving 274 municipalities in Sweden, we establish a positive causal influence of local bank presence on local house prices. There are significant spatial and spillover effects, that is, banks in a municipality affect the housing markets in neighbouring municipalities, although to a lesser extent than in their own municipality. Similar results are obtained through a gravity model. The results are robust over time and municipality size.     

Regional development and non-material public infrastructure

The aim of this paper is to investigate the conditions under which public investment can be allocated to the infrastructure in material and non-material capital so as to have a positive effect on regional development and interregional inequality. To investigate this issue, the paper focuses on the externalities created by investing in infrastructure for the transfer of information, know-how or technical knowledge.     

WEB-IS (integrated system): an overall view

WEB-IS, Web-based Integrated System, allows remote, interactive visualization of large-scale 3-D data over the Internet, along with data analysis and data mining. In this paper, we discuss the overall structure of WEB-IS. Up until now we have developed three sub-modules geared towards geophysical problems. WEB-IS1 allows geoscientists to navigate through their 3-D geophysical data, such as seismic structures or numerical simulations, and interactively analyze the statistics or apply data-mining techniques, such as cluster analysis. WEB-IS2 lets a user control Amira (a powerful 3-D visualization package) remotely and analyze, render and view large datasets across the Internet. WEB-IS3 is an imaging service that enables the user to control the scale of features to view through interactive zooming. In the near future, we propose to integrate the three components together through a middleware framework called NaradaBrokering (iNtegrated Asynchronous Real-time Adaptive Distributed Architecture, a distributed messaging infrastructure that can be used to intelligently route data between the originators and registered consumers) without regard for time or location. As a result, WEB-IS will improve its scalability and acquire properties of fault-tolerance. WEB-IS uses a combination of Java, C++, and through the use of NaradaBrokering will seamlessly integrate the server-side processing and user interaction utilities on the client. The server takes care of the processor intensive tasks, such as visualization and data mining, and sends either the resulting bitmap image or statistical results to the middleware across the Internet for viewing. WEB-IS is an easy-to-use service, which will eventually help geoscientists collaborate from different sites in a natural manner. It will be very useful in the next 10 years because of the increasing number of space missions and geophysical campaigns.     

Institutions, infrastructure, and economic growth

This paper develops a structural model of infrastructure and output growth that takes account of institutional and economic factors that mediate in the infrastructure–GDP interactions. Cross-country estimates of the model indicate that the contribution of infrastructure services to GDP is substantial and, in general, exceeds the cost of provision of those services. The results also shed light on the factors that shape a country's response to its infrastructure needs and offer policy implications for facilitating the removal of infrastructure inadequacies.     

Transport infrastructure investments and competition for FDI

This paper studies how transport infrastructure investments (TIIs) affect a bidding war for a firm between two asymmetric countries within a region in a context of imperfect competition, where TIIs play the role of a global public good, leading to a reduction in the unit trade cost between the two countries. A number of interesting results are derived from the model. In particular, TIIs can intensify fiscal competition between the two countries. Surprisingly, this conventional wisdom seems to be confirmed by this paper for the first time. Welfare implications of the model are also examined.