加拿大住房金融的发展与政府的支持

加拿大住房金融的发展与政府的支持曾国安在西方各国中，加拿大是居民居住水平和住房自有水平最高的国家之一，１９８１年，加拿大每间房居住人数为０．５人，是西方各国中最少者；人均住房使用面积为３９．３平方米，高于多数发达国家；住房自有率１９８８年达６７％，也...     

试论城市建筑规划现状及优化措施

城市建筑规划的主要目的是建立科技先进、经济繁荣、环境良好、居住舒适的生活环境.基于此,规划的主题在符合政治、经济条件的同时,还应与生态环境、地理环境、人文环境、历史环境相融合,如此才能实现城市建筑规划向科学化发展的转变.     

关于园林绿化设计中对环境心理学的应用研究分析

经济飞速发展的今天,居住环境的好坏已经成为全球共同关注的主题之一,如何认知环境,营造高品质的环境,从人类的心理学角度分析怎样的环境才最符合人们的心愿,已经成为当前园林绿化的设计的重中之重.本文将从环境心理学的产生发展,以及环境心理学在园林绿化中的应用进行分析.     

现代室内设计浅谈

自从人类有了建筑活动,室内就是人们生活的主要场所,并开始对室内环境有所要求。随着社会的进步和发展,室内环境的要求也在不断更新发展与不断丰富多彩。室内设计的任务就是综合运用技术手段,考虑周围环境因素的作用,充分利用有利条件,积极发挥创作思维,创造一个既符合生产和生活物质功能要求,又符合人们生理、心理要求的室内环境。伴随着时代的进步和科技的发展,人们对居住环境的改善和对生活质量的提高,也越来越重视。因此,选择什么样的居住环境,选择什么样的家居住宅以及如何构建、布局一套新的房子,就成了一道困扰着无数追求幸福美满生活的现代人的难题。室内装饰设计是一门综合性很强的学科,涉及到社会学、心理学、环境学等多种学科,还有很多东西需要我们去探索和研究。     

房地产园林景观设计中值得思考的几个问题

随着近年来房地产市场的日渐火爆和居民居住观念的改变,小区的园林景观越来越受到消费者和房地产开发商的重视."住"已经从简单的"生存居住"转向"生活居住",人们越来越希望接近、回归自然,从以前单纯注重实用、价格等因素,发展到现在对园林景观、环境绿化优美、舒适、自然生态性等高标准要求;同时园林景观也逐渐成为了房地产营销的重要手段.那么在当前的形势下,如何营造优美、健康的居住区环境,并保证高质量的生活环境得以延续和发展,使之与时俱进,符合时代的要求,做到既叫好又叫卖,是当前园林工作者一个值得深入探究的问题.本文从园林景观设计入手,以珠海的居住区为例.提出了一些在景观建设中,居住区环境景观规划设计中值得注意的问题.     

浅谈住宅的室外环境

随着现代生产科技、社会经济和物质生活的发展，人们在寻求解决居住用房问题的同时，期望创造符合现代生活的物质功能和心理特性的居住环境，从安全、方便、卫生、舒适、美观等多个角度考虑，提高住宅其周围环境这个统一的居住环境的科学化、合理化和完善化的程度。住宅设计的目标是创造一个更加适于现代人生存完善化的程度。住宅设计的目标是创造一个更加适于现代人生存的完善的空间环境。其设计原则首先要体现出“以人为本”的思想，在引人与环境学交叉的诸多新学科理论的同时，着力开发对现代人心理、行为的分析与研究，科学地把握人与环境的关系。     

浅析外墙保温节能材料

我国与同纬度其他国家相比,具有夏季炎热、冬季寒冷的特点,所以发展保温隔热材料,有利于改善居住热环境.国家和部分地区先后颁布了多部建筑节能政策法规,都体现了提高居住规划、提高设计水平,改善居住环境和住房的居住功能,合理安排居住空间,力求在较小的空间内创造较高的居住生活舒适度.     

居民对居住城市环境污染情况的满意度的分析

环境是人们赖以生存和发展的空间,环境的保持和发展,不仅直接影响当代.而且间接影响后代.目前我国的居住环境状况不尽人意,严重的环境污染已经威胁了人们生活健康和安全,环境污染规制的目标、分析牡丹江市居住环境规制污染的现存问题、居住环境污染规制的对策.     

和谐之美——“中策装饰”样板房

舒适、温馨的居住环境是每一个人的梦想。而住宅的首要特征就是居住,构成这个整体的部件就是房屋的各个功能块,如:客厅、卧室、厨房、卫生间等等。人们往往要求它们在发挥基本功能的同时又能使整个房屋达到生态居住的要求。这也是摆在现代室内设计师案前的重要课题。在当今社会,住宅的发展状况与人们的生活水平和人居环境紧密相连,社区环境、区位、服务的水平决定了人们的居住水平。而生活水平的提高使人们对居住环境的需求由满足于住的需求开始向绿色环境住宅的需求发展。如今,如何达到生态住宅和绿色环保装饰效果是许多购房人士关心的问题…     

政策环境评价的国际经验与借鉴

政策环境评价是将关键的环境考量融入到政策制定和实施的全过程中,促使其符合可持续发展的要求。文章总结并分析了加拿大、英国、欧盟委员会和世界银行的政策环境评价经验和典型案例,结合我国国情,提出了推动我国政策环境评价开展的制度设计、程序方法和近期任务等方面的建议。     

FACTORS IN CANADA-UNITED STATES REAL INCOME DIFFERENCES

This paper is a part of a larger study of economic growth in Canada, following the methods developed by Edward Denison in his book The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the publication Why Growth Rates Differ. The new material in this paper relates to Canada and the Canadian/U.S. comparison, while the material on Northwest Europe is drawn from the Brookings study. The present paper sets out the results to date on the differences in real output per employed person between Canada and the United States for one year, 1960. At this stage in our research the results indicate that the level of real output per employed person in Canada was about 20 per cent lower than in the United States in that year. On the basis of historical output data, it would appear that this margin of difference in Canadian/U.S. product levels has persisted throughout the present century. The central part of this paper examines the significance of differences in factor inputs in Canada and the United States and their contribution to the difference in income. The level of inputs per employed person in Canada accounts for only about 2 percentage points of the income difference between Canada and the United States. These results indicate that the overwhelming part of the difference in output per employed person between the two countries reflects the differences in output in relation to total factor inputs, rather than the magnitude of other factor inputs used in combination with labour. This result is consistent with earlier studies by Denison and others which have indicated the crucial importance of output in relation to total factor inputs, both in output growth over time and intercountry comparisons of output level. The body of the paper can give only brief attention to the numerous conceptual and statistical questions that arise in such a wide-ranging study, and the authors do not pretend to have tackled, let alone resolved, all of the wide range of problems related to this study. Nor do they claim any high degree of precision for the results, especially in the light of the statistical limitations of the basic data.     

Dynamic factor demands and adjustment costs: An analysis of bell Canada's Technology

In this paper a dynamic model of production is estimated for Bell Canada. The dynamics arise from the costs of adjustment associated with capital expansion. Estimation results showed that there are significant adjustment costs. Thus, the hypothesis of long-run cost minimization is rejected. As Bell Canada increases its capital stock by $1, there are additional adjustment costs of $0.36. This result implies that Bell Canada minimizes the present value of production and adjustment costs which results in a short-run equilibrium position. Price, substitution and output elasticities are estimated. In the short-run the inputs are substitutes and the price effects are highly inelastic. Overshooting occurs with respect to labour and material demands in the short-run since the demand for capital responds very little to output expansion. Returns to scale are also estimated in this cost of adjustment model. Bell Canada exhibits increasing returns to scale initially and then decreasing returns such that on average there are constant returns to scale with a scale elasticity of 1.08.     

Viewpoint: Canadian competition policy: progress and prospects

Abstract.  This paper discusses the state of competition policy – in particular the economics of competition policy – in Canada today and considers its prospects going forward. It argues that: (i) the importance of competition policy has become accepted widely in Canada and indeed throughout much of the world; (ii) competition policy design and enforcement is in general well done in Canada; (iii) economists, including many Canadians, have played a central role in the development of an efficient and effective competition policy in Canada and elsewhere; and (iv) competition policy in Canada is today facing very serious challenges, and economists should be concerned.     

加拿大应对重大气候灾害的经验和措施

加拿大大部分地区地处北美寒冷地带,在漫长的冬季,寒冷时间较长,且暴风雪较多,十分恶劣的冰雪天气给加拿大带来了巨大的损失,也使加拿大积累了很多应对严重自然灾害的经验,逐步摸索了很多有效的措施。 本文重点介绍一些加拿大在应对严重自然灾害和突发事件方面的经验和措施,如：通过立法规范重大自然灾害和突发事件的管理工作,建立全社会的防灾减灾责任机制和服务体系,充分做好灾害前准备工作,重视气候变化和防灾减灾领域的研究、加强防灾减灾科研投入,政府的正确引导和全民教育,先进的气候预报预警,全方位的信息服务,有组织的统一行动等,供有关方面参考。     

加拿大实现碳中和的政策部署与路径

本文根据加拿大联邦政府发布的增强版气候计划,阐述了加拿大实现碳中和的有关政策部署和路径。在围绕碳中和的新一轮全球博弈中,加拿大将减排重点放在能够显著减排的关键领域,给予有利政策和资金支持,并且将政府引导与碳定价机制相结合,从而激励相关行业企业不断革新技术,以技术创新带动绿色低碳产业的发展,进而推动加拿大在后疫情时代实现经济复苏。     

A price index for Canada, 1688 to 1850

This paper presents the first price index for any region of Canada that spans from the colonial era to the mid‐19th century. I constructed it using prices from the account books of religious congregations with estates throughout modern‐day Quebec. It represents a substantial improvement over previous indexes thanks to the consistent price quotations in the source material, the high frequency of observations for many goods, the vast number of goods and the inclusion of numerous non‐agricultural and non‐food goods. Its price trends differ mildly from those of existing but less‐comprehensive price indexes. I link this new index with post‐1850 indexes to create a 328‐year price index for Canada.     

教育发展、人力资本投资与经济增长——基于江苏省的数据

本文采用内生经济增长理论和Lucas生产函数,对江苏省的苏南、苏中和苏北地区经济增长与教育发展水平之间关系进行实证验证,结论是:教育投资与经济增长之间存在结构差异,高等教育对于苏南地区经济增长的促进作用比其他两个地区都明显;苏中和苏北,中等教育和初等教育对经济增长作用显著,且苏中地区物质资本投资作用凸现。因此,各地区应根据自身经济发展特点,选择"优势教育"重点予以投资。     

Trade and development policy in Mexico in the context of North American economic relations

This paper examines Mexico's trade and development policies and analyzes how these policies complement or conflict with those of the other North American nations. Looking closely at the periods 1950–1973 and 1973–1975, the authors explain how Mexico's development policies have marred or enhanced its ability to interact with the United States and Canada. They then show how the Mexico's history and strengths make it a strong candidate for partnership with Canada and the United States in a new North American Free Trade Agreement, a multilateral arrangement that will be important for continued economic prosperity in the North American region.     

Environmental and resource economics: A Canadian retrospective

The paper reviews research contributions to environmental and resource economics by scholars in Canada. We focus mainly on work from the past 25 years but also highlight earlier pathbreaking work. We begin by looking at broad trends in research both internationally and within Canada. We then review Canadian contributions to various topics in the field. Canadians have played a leading role in the development of the field, especially in resource economics, international environmental economics and the valuation of environmental amenities.     

International yield curve comovements: impact of the recent financial crisis

Empirical evidence on international yield comovement is sparse and lacks consensus. Employing a dynamic correlation approach, we show that during the recent global financial crisis, euro area yields have ceased to comove with the yields of the other international markets – Canada, UK and US. Some implications of our results are discussed.